Deck 16: Human Evolution

Question 1

The first early human species thought to have produced and used tools was

A) Homo habilis.
B) Homo erectus.
C) Homo neanderthalensis.
D) Homo floresienses.
E) Homo sapiens.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

DNA analysis shows that the human and chimpanzee genomes are

A) 98.8% identical.
B) 99.7% identical.
C) very different from each other.
D) 50% identical.
E) exactly the same.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Analysis of DNA differences between modern humans and Neanderthals indicates that

A) there are many differences found in many different genes.
B) some of the differences are in genes controlling cognitive development.
C) most of the differences are involved in digestion of different foods.
D) the Neanderthal genome is more similar to the chimpanzee genome than to the modern human genome.
E) the two species last shared a common ancestor about 7 million years ago.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The species group Paranthropus

A) was a genetic dead end.
B) was an ancestor of early humans.
C) descended from Homo erectus.
D) became extinct about 30,000 years ago.
E) was not a hominid.

Question 5

The Denisovans

A) interbred with the ancestors of present-day populations in Europe.
B) interbred with the ancestors of present-day populations in Asia.
C) interbred with the ancestors of present-day populations in Melanesia.
D) shared a common ancestor with modern humans more recently than they did with Neanderthals.
E) have been characterized from complete fossil skeletons.

Question 6

The out-of-Africa hypothesis of human origins proposes that proposes that Homo sapiens originated from

A) Homo habilis after H. habilis migrated from Africa.
B) Homo erectus after H. erectus migrated from Africa.
C) Homo habilis before H. habilis migrated from Africa.
D) Homo erectus before H. erectus migrated from Africa.
E) Homo neanderthalensis in Europe.

Question 7

In The State of Tennessee vs.John Thomas Scopes,Scopes

A) was found innocent.
B) was convicted and spent 30 days in jail.
C) was convicted but the verdict was overturned on a technicality.
D) was retried after the first trial decision was overturned.
E) pleaded guilty.

Question 8

Both fossil and DNA sequence data indicate that the human species originated in

A) North America
B) Europe
C) Asia
D) Africa
E) South America

Question 9

Human populations from _____ have the highest degree of genetic diversity.

A) Africa
B) Siberia
C) Asia
D) Europe
E) Australo-Melanesia

Question 10

Fossil evidence indicates that ____ originated between 200,000 and 100,000 years ago in Africa.

A) Homo sapiens
B) Homo neanderthalensis
C) Homo erectus
D) Homo floresiensis
E) Homo habilis

Question 11

Members of the species Homo floresiensis

A) were very tall.
B) are still found on an island in Indonesia.
C) lived near Denisova, Russia.
D) became extinct around 13,000 years ago.
E) separated from chimpanzees more recently than humans.

Question 12

DNA sequence analysis indicates that Neanderthals were

A) not direct ancestors of humans.
B) direct ancestors of humans.
C) completely unrelated to humans.
D) most likely a completely separate lineage of primates that just happened to evolve to resemble humans.
E) the closest known relatives of humans.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Genomic analysis indicates that there was interbreeding between Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis.
B) Genomic analysis indicates that there was interbreeding between Homo sapiens and Homo floresiensis.
C) Genomic analysis indicates that there was interbreeding between Homo neanderthalensis and Homo floresiensis.
D) Genomic analysis indicates that there was interbreeding between Homo sapiens, Homo neanderthalensis, and Homo floresiensis.
E) Genomic analysis indicates that there was no interbreeding between Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis.

Question 14

Our closest living relatives are

A) chimpanzees.
B) gorillas.
C) lemurs.
D) Neanderthals.
E) Homo erectus.

Question 15

This group includes both lemurs and humans

A) primates.
B) prosimians.
C) anthropoids.
D) hominids.
E) hominins.

Question 16

Hominins first appeared in

A) Africa.
B) Siberia.
C) Asia.
D) Europe.
E) Australo-Melanesia.

Question 17

Chimpanzees and humans

A) last shared a common ancestor about 25 million years ago.
B) have very different genomes.
C) are not related to each other
D) last shared a common ancestor about 7 million years ago.
E) show many differences in their genomes that completely explain the phenotypic differences between the two.

Question 18

Analysis of SNP haplotypes in modern humans indicates that

A) there has been no change in our genomes in the last 50,000 years due to natural selection.
B) there is no real pattern to the genes that have changed in the last 50,000 years.
C) the changes have occurred in non-coding regions of the genome located in between genes.
D) some of the changes have occurred in genes related to the transition from hunter-gatherers to agricultural societies.
E) all of the changes have to do with greater intelligence.

Question 19

Ancient human migrations have been traced using

A) only mitochondrial DNA analysis.
B) only Y chromosome analysis.
C) only autosome analysis.
D) mitochondrial DNA, Y chromosome, and autosome analyses.
E) only mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome analyses.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about primates is FALSE?

A) The primate group includes tarsiers.
B) The primates consist of two main groups.
C) Primates have forward-facing eyes.
D) The Old World monkeys are in the prosimian group; the New World monkeys are in anthropoid group.
E) Primates have large brains relative to their body size.

Question 21

In The State of Tennessee v.John Thomas Scopes,Scopes was found guilty and served 30 days in jail.

Question 22

Modern humans have never existed with other species of Homo.

Question 23

The ability of adults to digest lactose is shared among all mammals.

Question 24

Genomic comparisons indicate that Neanderthals and modern humans interbred.

Question 25

MATCHING
Match the terms to the appropriate descriptions.
a.Ardipithecus
b.Australopithecus
c.Paranthropus
d.Homo habilis
e.Homo erectus
f.Homo neanderthalensis
g.Homo floresiensis
h.Homo sapiens
Remains discovered in 2004 on island in Indonesia

Question 26

MATCHING
Match the terms to the appropriate descriptions.
a.Ardipithecus
b.Australopithecus
c.Paranthropus
d.Homo habilis
e.Homo erectus
f.Homo neanderthalensis
g.Homo floresiensis
h.Homo sapiens
Early hominin; one skeleton is nicknamed Lucy

Question 27

MATCHING
Match the terms to the appropriate descriptions.
a.Ardipithecus
b.Australopithecus
c.Paranthropus
d.Homo habilis
e.Homo erectus
f.Homo neanderthalensis
g.Homo floresiensis
h.Homo sapiens
Modern humans

Question 28

Human populations in Africa exhibit greater genetic diversity than all other populations outside of Africa.

Question 29

Fossil evidence indicates that Australopithecus existed before Ardipithecus.

Question 30

In Kitzmiller vs.Dover Area School District,

A) the plaintiffs were school teachers in the district.
B) the plaintiffs were parents of school children.
C) the case questioned the constitutionality of the teaching of evolution by natural selection in public schools.
D) the judge decided that the statement in question should be read in all classes..
E) the judge decided that the statement in question should not be read in classes but did not bar the teaching of intelligent design.

Question 31

MATCHING
Match the terms to the appropriate descriptions.
a.Ardipithecus
b.Australopithecus
c.Paranthropus
d.Homo habilis
e.Homo erectus
f.Homo neanderthalensis
g.Homo floresiensis
h.Homo sapiens
Genetic dead end

Question 32

MATCHING
Match the terms to the appropriate descriptions.
a.Ardipithecus
b.Australopithecus
c.Paranthropus
d.Homo habilis
e.Homo erectus
f.Homo neanderthalensis
g.Homo floresiensis
h.Homo sapiens
Oldest known hominin

Question 33

Phenotypic differences between humans and chimps are explained entirely by differences in coding sequences and dosage.

Question 34

MATCHING
Match the terms to the appropriate descriptions.
a.Ardipithecus
b.Australopithecus
c.Paranthropus
d.Homo habilis
e.Homo erectus
f.Homo neanderthalensis
g.Homo floresiensis
h.Homo sapiens
Earliest human tool user

Question 35

The genomes of Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis are less similar than the genomes of Homo sapiens and chimpanzees.

Question 36

In Kitzmiller v.Dover Area School District,the judge ruled in favor of the plaintiffs.

Question 37

MATCHING
Match the terms to the appropriate descriptions.
a.Ardipithecus
b.Australopithecus
c.Paranthropus
d.Homo habilis
e.Homo erectus
f.Homo neanderthalensis
g.Homo floresiensis
h.Homo sapiens
Direct ancestor of modern humans

Question 38

Charles Darwin

A) did not present his ideas on evolution in public until after he published On the Origin of Species.
B) did not present his ideas on evolution in public until after he published The Descent of Man.
C) presented his ideas on evolution in a joint paper with Charles Lyell.
D) presented his ideas on evolution in a joint paper with Alfred Russel Wallace.
E) presented his ideas on evolution before Alfred Russel Wallace did.

Question 39

DNA analysis suggests that modern humans and Neanderthals

A) did not interbreed.
B) interbred in the Middle East.
C) interbred in Africa.
D) interbred in Asia.
E) interbred in Europe.

Question 40

Modern humans have existed for more than 500,000 years.

Question 41

Describe the Kitzmiller vs.Dover Area School District case.What was the question raised and what was the outcome?

Question 42

What are characteristics shared by all primates?

Question 43

Describe the multiregional and out-of-Africa hypotheses of human origins.What were the arguments used in support of each? Which has more evidence supporting it? Describe this major evidence.

Question 44

Describe how Y chromosome and mitochondrial SNP haplotypes can be used to trace ancient human migrations.

Question 45

Describe how lactose tolerance can be considered evidence of recent human evolution.

Question 46

MATCHING
Match the terms to the appropriate descriptions.
a.Ardipithecus
b.Australopithecus
c.Paranthropus
d.Homo habilis
e.Homo erectus
f.Homo neanderthalensis
g.Homo floresiensis
h.Homo sapiens
Interbred with modern humans