Deck 9: Emotion and Motivation

Question 1

Which of the following is correct for people who are high in the need for achievement?

A) They look for careers that pay a lot of money.
B) They show greater persistence on difficult tasks.
C) They look for careers that require little education.
D) They look for careers that will make them famous.
E) They look for careers where they can control the actions of others.

Answer 1

They show greater persistence on difficult tasks.

Question 2

Intrinsic motivation is one that propels a person to pursue an activity

A) for external rewards.
B) for its own sake.
C) to relieve the state of tension caused by deprivation.
D) in order to be judged favorably by others.
E) to decrease extraneous arousal that interferes with one's performance.

Answer 2

for its own sake.

Question 3

________ is defined as the urge to engage in activity for its own sake.

A) Intrinsic motivation
B) Extrinsic motivation
C) High n Ach
D) Low n Ach
E) Locus of control

Answer 3

Intrinsic motivation

Question 4

The pursuit of an activity for an outcome that is outside of the person doing that action is called

A) the need for affiliation.
B) intrinsic motivation.
C) extrinsic motivation.
D) a mastery goal.
E) the need for power.

Question 5

A person who visits a cafeteria to be with his friends would be said to show ________ motivation whereas another person might show ________ motivation because they are only there to get some free pizza.

A) extrinsic; intrinsic
B) intrinsic; extrinsic
C) deferred; peripheral
D) peripheral; deferred
E) conscious; unconscious

Question 6

You overhear a psychologist presenting a lecture to an introductory psychology class. The teacher mentions "purposeful or goal-directed behavior that serves to accomplish specific needs or desires." You recognize that he is talking about which type of behavior?

A) motivated
B) emotional
C) frustrated
D) preconscious
E) nonconscious

Question 7

Luc said, "I don't care what I do as long as I am the best at it!" What need is this?

A) need for achievement
B) need for affiliation
C) need for power
D) need for sex
E) need for optimal arousal

Question 8

Which statement about motivation is TRUE?

A) Motivation energizes and directs behavior.
B) We are always aware of motivational processes.
C) There is only one type of motivation.
D) Two people motivated by the same factor will satisfy that motive through similar means.
E) Motivation always exists outside of one's awareness.

Question 9

Extrinsic motivation is defined as the pursuit of an activity

A) for external reward.
B) for its own sake.
C) to relieve the state of tension caused by deprivation.
D) in order to increase one's competence and skills.
E) in order to increase one's sense of stimulation and arousal.

Question 10

A high n Ach person is likely to succeed in life because they

A) persist on difficult tasks.
B) get low grades in school.
C) avoid competition when possible.
D) stay at the same level in his company for quite a while.
E) prefer to be a follower, rather than a leader.

Question 11

The process of ________ involves selecting, directing, and sustaining physical and mental activities.

A) arousal
B) emotion
C) drive
D) motivation
E) self-actualization

Question 12

Ethan is an award-winning swimmer. His desire to compete and win is part of his need for

A) attention.
B) affiliation.
C) physical activity.
D) achievement.
E) power.

Question 13

The task of a person taking a projective test such as the TAT is to

A) tell stories about an ambiguous picture.
B) have their brain scanned while reading.
C) take a paper-and-pencil inventory.
D) talk about their future plans.
E) play a role from a script.

Question 14

n Ach is an abbreviation for

A) no achievement.
B) need for achievement.
C) no challenge.
D) need for change.
E) negation of achievement.

Question 15

A conscientious student who persistently studies interesting material in their classes because they find the topics fascinating would be said to be

A) demonstrating a low n Ach.
B) intrinsically motivated.
C) using an external locus of control.
D) overjustifying her behavior.
E) extrinsically motivated.

Question 16

The process by which activities are started, directed, and halted so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met is called

A) motivation.
B) emotion.
C) achievement.
D) synergy.
E) arousal.

Question 17

Need for achievement is also referred to as

A) Ach.
B) NFA.
C) n Ach.
D) neech.
E) ambition.

Question 18

Murray and McClelland used the ________ to identify a number of motives that are central in people's lives.

A) Rorschach inkblot test
B) PPI (Personal Priority Inventory)
C) MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)
D) TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)
E) Individualism-Collectivism Scale

Question 19

The need for ________ involves a strong desire to succeed in attaining goals.

A) achievement
B) power
C) motivation
D) emotion
E) affiliation

Question 20

If your professor tells you that you will not have to take the final exam if you do well on the first exam, you have been given a(n) ________ to study.

A) drive but not a motive
B) intrinsic motivation
C) extrinsic motivation
D) unconscious motivation
E) external locus of control

Question 21

Jack said, "I want to rule the world." What type of need is this?

A) need for achievement
B) need for affiliation
C) need for power
D) need for sex
E) need for extrinsic reward

Question 22

Overjustification is most likely to occur when

A) Cindy is given a trophy for riding her bicycle.
B) Jan is punished for refusing to set the dinner table.
C) Marcia is asked out to her senior prom.
D) Bobby walks his dog, Tiger.
E) Peter receives a trip to Hawaii for being named Salesman of the Year.

Question 23

One positive outcome of instinct approaches was

A) that they gave birth to psychoanalytic theory
B) that psychologists began focusing on learning theories
C) that psychologists were now forced to consider the nature vs. nurture question in the area of motives.
D) a better explanation of behavior
E) conclusive evidence that instincts do not, in fact, exist.

Question 24

In the time of noted psychologist William James, psychologists were inclined to explain motivated behavior by attributing it to

A) emotions.
B) incentives.
C) learned responses.
D) instincts.
E) impulses.

Question 25

Providing an external reward for a behavior that is already intrinsically motivated may result in a

A) sense of irritation.
B) refusal to accept rewards of any kind.
C) slower rate of learning.
D) reduction in the rewarded behavior.
E) new locus of control.

Question 26

If you failed to eat for two days while playing the latest version of the video game Halo, it might be said that you have experienced

A) growth motivation.
B) flow.
C) an emotional breakdown.
D) lateralization of emotion.
E) overjustification.

Question 27

The ________ theory of motivation suggests a connection between internal physical states and outward behavior.

A) arousal
B) drive
C) incentive
D) achievement
E) instinct

Question 28

Which of the following would be considered to be a motive rather than a drive?

A) religion
B) hunger
C) thirst
D) sexuality
E) sleep

Question 29

What do we call biologically determined, innate patterns of behavior?

A) drives
B) instincts
C) releasing behaviors
D) universal behaviors
E) n Achs

Question 30

Which of the following is the best example of a drive?

A) your political views
B) the need for achievement
C) hunger
D) earning money by working at a job
E) volunteering time to feed the hungry

Question 31

The currently-preferred term for instinct is

A) negative incentive.
B) homeostatic function.
C) fixed-action pattern.
D) internal cognition.
E) external motivation.

Question 32

________ is a form of motivation that plays an important role in biological processes, such as eating, drinking, and mating.

A) Drive
B) Emotion
C) Homeostasis
D) Negative feedback
E) Cognition

Question 33

Sydney said, "I don't care much about my grades as long as I'm the most popular girl in the class!" What need is this?

A) need for achievement
B) need for affiliation
C) need for power
D) need for sex
E) need for primary reinforcement

Question 34

________ theory can account for regular cycles of animal activity.

A) Drive
B) Psychoanalytic
C) Instinct
D) Homeostatic
E) The James-Lange

Question 35

An instinct is a tendency that is

A) learned.
B) conditioned.
C) innate.
D) easily controlled.
E) reinforced.

Question 36

The state of tension created by biological states of interrupted balance is called a(n)

A) emotion.
B) impulse.
C) need.
D) instinct.
E) motive.

Question 37

According to drive-reduction theory, ________ refers to the balance among the body's systems and processes.

A) optimal arousal
B) psychic energy
C) a fixed-action pattern
D) homeostasis
E) external motivation

Question 38

________ in the cultures of Latin America and the Middle East may act to discourage individual achievement.

A) Extrinsic motivations
B) Euphemism
C) Collectivism
D) Structuralism
E) Individualism

Question 39

________ is a state of deprived physical requirements, such as those for food and water.

A) Motivation
B) A need
C) A value
D) Instinct
E) An impulse

Question 40

Salmon swimming upstream to spawn is an example of

A) incentives.
B) motives.
C) instinct.
D) needs.
E) drives.

Question 41

The process of homeostasis results in

A) an imbalance in the state of the body.
B) a fixed action pattern.
C) bodily equilibrium.
D) increased drive.
E) reduced intrinsic motivation.

Question 42

Which of the following activities is inconsistent with drive-reduction theory?

A) eating food that tastes bad
B) going swimming on a hot day
C) eating when you are not hungry
D) smoking pot to relax
E) putting on a sweater when you are cold

Question 43

The chief function of homeostasis is to

A) prevent balance.
B) maintain a balanced state.
C) regulate emotions.
D) control sexual urges.
E) monitor body temperature.

Question 44

According to drive theory, what occurs each time a behavior results in drive reduction?

A) Tension is increased.
B) Stability is reduced.
C) Homeostasis is restored.
D) Drives are increased.
E) Instincts are satisfied

Question 45

Rats deprived of food and water that are placed in a novel environment may choose to

A) eat and drink first.
B) explore the environment first.
C) be too confused to do anything.
D) defecate first.
E) show obvious signs of distress.

Question 46

A famed psychologist claims that motivated behaviors result from an effort to reduce tension caused by bodily needs such as hunger or thirst. This psychologist's philosophy most closely matches ________ theory.

A) reciprocity
B) homeostatic
C) needs
D) drive
E) incentive

Question 47

Biological drives are

A) learned.
B) unlearned.
C) produced by external incentives.
D) exceptions to the drive-reduction principle.
E) the same as instincts.

Question 48

Drive theory would say getting a haircut to look attractive is a(n)

A) homeostatic drive.
B) psychological drive.
C) biological drive.
D) motive drive.
E) incentive.

Question 49

Drives that are learned through experience are called ________ drives.

A) biological
B) reflexive
C) psychological
D) tertiary
E) secondary

Question 50

The tendency of the body to maintain a steady state of functioning is called

A) stability.
B) equilibrium.
C) homeostasis.
D) physiological balance.
E) a drive.

Question 51

Drives serve to activate responses that are aimed at reducing the drive, thereby returning the body to a more normal state called

A) stability.
B) equilibrium.
C) homeostasis.
D) physiological balance.
E) optimal arousal.

Question 52

As a result of homeostasis, a person who is tired will

A) fight to stay awake.
B) do something to distract herself.
C) start to become a bit moody.
D) talk a lot about sleep.
E) try to find a place to fall asleep.

Question 53

Homeostasis is most like which of the following?

A) a car
B) a thermometer
C) a cooler
D) a thermostat
E) a radiator

Question 54

Drives that are most strongly influenced by stimuli within the body are called ________ drives.

A) biological
B) tertiary
C) psychological
D) learned
E) secondary

Question 55

The theory stating that behaviors are motivated by an organism's attempts to reduce tension from conditions such as hunger or thirst and return the body to a state of balance is called ________ theory.

A) drive
B) homeostatic
C) needs
D) disequilibrium
E) incentive

Question 56

Which of the following behaviors is NOT an example of drive-reduction theory?

A) getting some food when you are hungry
B) going to sleep when you are tired
C) getting something to drink when you are thirsty
D) going jogging when you are bored
E) taking a cool shower when you are overheated

Question 57

Thirst, sexual desire, and hunger are examples of ________ drives.

A) biological
B) reduction
C) psychological
D) internalized
E) externalized

Question 58

Some psychologists believe that an organism's behavior is motivated by the need to achieve a state of balance in which the body functions effectively-a state called

A) unbalance.
B) acquiescence.
C) propinquity.
D) homeostasis.
E) instinctiveness.

Question 59

Biological drives are caused by

A) exceptions to the drive-reduction principle.
B) learned behaviors.
C) stimuli within the body.
D) stimuli outside the body.
E) external incentives.

Question 60

Physiologically based drives that are unlearned are called ________ drives.

A) biological
B) reflexive
C) psychological
D) tertiary
E) secondary

Question 61

Animals that lack the hormone ________ will continue to eat even when they are full of food.

A) leptin
B) ghrelin
C) insulin
D) estrogen
E) thyroxin

Question 62

Which of the following is a factor that tends to stimulate eating?

A) sweet foods
B) a low blood sugar level
C) fatty foods
D) the presence of others eating
E) all of the above are

Question 63

Which of the following shows a focus on the lowest of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) Joan wants to live in a house with all the modern conveniences so that she may have more time to seek fulfillment from her career and family.
B) Frank feels that he is a good salesman because he likes what he does and knows how to do it well.
C) Barbara knows that as a teacher she is a good person because she realizes the importance of imparting knowledge to society.
D) Mark works hard as an attorney only so that he can attract more clients, more money, and be secure in the knowledge that his family can have food, water, and shelter.
E) Lisa constantly does things that she does not want to do just so that her peers will like her and want to spend time with her.

Question 64

Abraham Maslow attempted to account for human motivation in terms of

A) the hierarchy of needs.
B) locus of control.
C) intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
D) the two-factor theory of figure and ground.
E) overjustification for bad behavior.

Question 65

Which level of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy is epitomized by the U.S. Army Reserve's slogan "Be all that you can be"?

A) safety
B) self-esteem
C) belongingness
D) self-actualization
E) physiological needs

Question 66

According to Freud, aggression is to thanatos as sex drive is to

A) creativity.
B) eros.
C) charity.
D) perception.
E) drive theory.

Question 67

Monica put all her time and energy into getting into the acting club because her main goal in life "was to be a famous star!" Monica's drive to be famous was a(n) ________ drive.

A) biological
B) reflexive
C) psychological
D) tertiary
E) secondary

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT a psychological drive?

A) a drive for great wealth
B) a drive to be successful in school
C) a drive to eat when hungry
D) a drive for high levels of achievement
E) a drive to be very popular in one's peer group

Question 69

The explanation of human motivation proposed by Freud emphasized the importance of urges relating to

A) a drive to be aggressive.
B) locus of control
C) a hierarch of needs.
D) a sex drive.
E) A and D are

Question 70

According to Maslow, the motive of self-actualization makes one want

A) to fulfill one's inborn potential.
B) to have frequent contact with others.
C) to possess as many material goods as possible.
D) to convince others of one's true worth.
E) to be very popular among one's peers.

Question 71

According to Abraham Maslow, developing one's potential to its fullest extent results in

A) safety.
B) self-esteem.
C) belongingness.
D) self-actualization.
E) physiological needs.

Question 72

The ________ would explain that Charissa's decision to munch on popcorn depends on whether she enjoys popcorn, how long it has been since she last ate, and what time of day it is.

A) "stop" center concept
B) set point theory
C) multiple-systems approach
D) needs hierarchy view
E) theory of drive

Question 73

Identify the case below in which the more basic need is listed before the "higher" need, according to Maslow's theory of motivation.

A) esteem before safety
B) attachment before biology
C) self-actualization before affiliation
D) affiliation before biology
E) attachment before esteem

Question 74

Jenna skipped dinner last night to stay up late studying for her final exam. She went to bed at 6 a.m. and had to be at class by 8 a.m. Her alarm clock did not go off as scheduled, and she raced out the door without eating. As a result, she was very distracted by hunger pangs and lack of energy while taking the test. She later learned that she failed her exam. Jenna could have likely performed better on her final if she had met a(n) ________ need before the final.

A) freedom
B) belonging
C) transcendence
D) physiological
E) Affiliation

Question 75

Which factor diminishes the eating response?

A) being presented with sweet foods
B) having a low blood sugar level
C) being presented with fatty foods
D) being in the presence of others eating
E) being presented with bitter foods

Question 76

Maslow's humanistic theory of motivation has difficulty in explaining why

A) a person would ask for dessert after eating a delicious meal.
B) two people would fall in love.
C) you study hard to do well on your exams.
D) a mother would risk death in order to protect her child.
E) you go to sleep earlier than usual when you are feeling tired.

Question 77

What is one of the criticisms of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) The highest level has never been attained.
B) Self-actualization is actually a biological drive.
C) The hierarchy does not have any focus on social needs.
D) Sometimes lower needs are not attended to while higher-level needs are being addressed.
E) Self-actualization is something we're all born with, not something we need to achieve.

Question 78

Bill has felt isolated and an like "outsider" since coming to college for his freshman year. As a result, he decided to rush a fraternity and was very excited when he was selected to pledge. According to Maslow, Bill may be attempting to meet the need of

A) freedom.
B) belonging.
C) transcendence.
D) physiology.
E) power.

Question 79

Maslow defined ________ as the state in which a person seeks to move beyond basic human needs in the quest for the fullest development of their potential.

A) locus of control
B) optimal arousal
C) self-actualization
D) psychoanalysis
E) drive

Question 80

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy, which needs must be met first?

A) esteem
B) safety
C) physiological
D) belongingness and love
E) self-actualization