Deck 2: Mass Communication Effects: How Society and Media Interact

Question 1

Godwin's Law argues that online discussions that go on long enough eventually ______.

A)die out for lack of interest
B)reach a reasonable conclusion based on a wide range of viewpoints
C)are reduced to threats of violence
D)end comparing people to Hitler or Nazis

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the findings of the People's Choice study from 1940?

A)Audiences receive strong,direct effects from media campaign messages.
B)Audiences are unaffected by media campaign messages.
C)Audiences are indirectly affected by media campaign messages.
D)Audiences actively use the media to construct their view of the worlD.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

An important consequence of the critical/cultural model is that researchers pay more attention to ______.

A)how meaning is created within society
B)the effect that watching television advertising has on children's toy preferences
C)how the rise of mobile devices has changed how teens communicate with each other
D)how electronic documents differ from paper documents

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A study that looks whether press coverage of massive tax cuts made audiences talk more about government deficits would be an example of which of the following?

A)agenda setting
B)uses and gratifications theory
C)social learning
D)spiral of silence

Question 5

A study that looks at why teenagers like to go to horror movies like The Purge or Insidious would be an example of which of the following?

A)agenda setting
B)uses and gratifications theory
C)social learning
D)mean world syndrome

Question 6

The way that a dramatic movie score by composer John Williams makes you feel during a Star Wars movie would be an example of a _________ effect.

A)cognitive
B)attitudinal
C)behavioral
D)psychological

Question 7

Why weren't stories by women in Hollywood who say they were abused or harassed by movie producer Harvey Weinstein published until 2017?

A)They were embarrassed this had happened to them.
B)They were afraid they would be blacklisted or lose their chance to work.
C)They were afraid they wouldn't be believed.
D)all of these

Question 8

A media scholar is trying to find out if children who watch Sesame Street do better in second grade than children who watch SpongeBob SquarePants.What kind of effects is this scholar looking for?

A)message effects
B)media effects
C)ownership effects
D)active audience effects

Question 9

Research on opinion leaders conducted in the 1940s provides an example of ______.

A)Secret 1--The media are essential components of our lives
B)Secret 3--Everything from the margin moves to the center
C)Secret 5--All media are social
D)Secret 7--There is no "they"

Question 10

A media scholar is trying to find out whether Internet or television political ads are more persuasive.What kind of effects is this scholar looking for?

A)message effects
B)media effects
C)ownership effects
D)active audience effects

Question 11

Critical theory arose from a group of scholars known as the ______.

A)Marxist Group
B)Frankfurt School
C)Paris School
D)Feminist Group

Question 12

A media scholar is trying to find out if the editorial focus of a television station's news programming changed after it was purchased by a large media conglomerate.What kind of effects is this scholar looking for?

A)message effects
B)media effects
C)ownership effects
D)active audience effects

Question 13

The way that a television commercial can convince a 5-year-old to ask his or her parents for a particular brand of breakfast cereal would be an example of a _________ effect.

A)cognitive
B)attitudinal
C)behavioral
D)psychological

Question 14

Fears that media messages would have strong,direct effects on individuals grew out of propaganda campaigns during which of the following conflicts?

A)the U.S.Civil War
B)World War I
C)the Vietnam War
D)the Persian Gulf War

Question 15

Each cast of The Voice becomes famous after appearing on the show for a season.This is an example of the ______ function of the media.

A)surveillance/status conferral
B)correlation of different elements in society
C)socialization and transmission of culture
D)entertainment

Question 16

A study that attempts to explain why a radio program about the death of an attractive young woman is more popular with audiences than one about a male soldier who deserts his unit on the battlefield would be an example of ______.

A)critical theory
B)structural/functionalism
C)uses and gratifications
D)two-step flow

Question 17

Which of the following is not a key principle of the critical/cultural model?

A)You can't make sense out of ideas if you take them out of their historical context.
B)People want to see themselves as holding a majority opinion and will therefore remain silent if they perceive that they hold a minority opinion.
C)Researchers cannot separate facts from the values attached to them and the circumstances from which these facts emerged.
D)You can't fool me.These are all principles of the critical/cultural model.

Question 18

A media scholar is looking at why so many Americans are watching This Is Us on television.What kind of effects is this scholar looking for?

A)message effects
B)media effects
C)ownership effects
D)active audience effects

Question 19

The critical/cultural model assumes which of the following?

A)Audiences receive strong,direct effects from media campaign messages.
B)Audiences are unaffected by media campaign messages.
C)Audiences are indirectly affected by media campaign messages.
D)Audiences actively use the media to construct their view of the worlD.

Question 20

Correlation is accomplished by persuasive communication through which of the following?

A)editorializing
B)commentary
C)advertising
D)all of these

Question 21

The People's Choice study found that voters use information from the media instead of information from family members to make up their minds during elections.

Question 22

The channel used to transmit a message can change the meaning of the message.

Question 23

By February 2018,the New York Times had reported on more than 70 men who had been fired or forced to resign over accusations of sexual misconduct since October 2017.

Question 24

A study that looks at how children acquire new behaviors by watching movies on television would be an example of which of the following?

A)uses and gratifications theory
B)symbolic interactionism
C)media logic
D)social learning

Question 25

People who need to talk about the news at work are no more likely to learn from the media than are people who watch the news to be entertained.

Question 26

Joshua Meyrowitz argues that a major effect of transmitting news through print is segregating audiences by education,age,class,and gender.

Question 27

Canadian economist Harold Innis,in his book Empire and Communications,argues that all media have a bias.This is a ______.

A)political bias
B)bias in favor of the medium's owner
C)bias of being easy to transport or lasting a long time
D)bias in favor of a particular ethnic group

Question 28

Canadian economist Harold Innis argues that any given medium has a bias of lasting a long time or of being easy to distribute.

Question 29

Prior to the 19th century,most people in Europe and North America lived in communities where their neighbors were from similar ethnic and religious backgrounds.

Question 30

The indirect effects model recognizes that people will react differently to media messages because they have different backgrounds,needs,attitudes,and values.

Question 31

A newspaper runs stories that suggest that most people in the country support cutting taxes.After reading the stories,people who support raising taxes tend to keep quiet because they think their neighbors all support tax cuts.This would be an example of which of the following?

A)agenda setting
B)spiral of silence
C)social learning
D)symbolic interactionism

Question 32

When researchers are examining how a culture industry can turn ideas into commodities in order to profit from them,they are doing research on ______.

A)critical/cultural theory
B)cultivation analysis
C)mean world syndrome
D)agenda setting

Question 33

National Security Agency whistleblower Edward Snowden had to smuggle all of the secret documents he stole out of the office in a series of boxes filled with paper files.

Question 34

The direct effects model of media effects presumes that messages have a direct and predictable effect on audience members exposed to the message.

Question 35

Current research supports the fears media critics had in the World War I era of powerful,direct effects of the mass media.

Question 36

Media theorist Marshall McLuhan argued for "medium neutrality"--the medium used to communicate did not change how a message is received.

Question 37

Martha watches quite a bit of television,including a lot of crime dramas.She believes that the city she lives in has a much higher crime rate than it actually does.You could explain this using which of the following?

A)uses and gratifications theory
B)mean world syndrome
C)social learning
D)media logic

Question 38

The critical/cultural approach to mass communication research looks at how meaning is created in society.

Question 39

Cable news channels are as likely to report about crime affecting poor African American women and girls as they are about crime affecting wealthy White women and girls.

Question 40

The theoretical orientation that argues that watching large amounts of television can create a worldview that is at odds with reality is which of the following?

A)uses and gratifications theory
B)social learning
C)symbolic interactionism
D)cultivation analysis

Question 41

In a brief essay,define the spiral of silence theory,explain where it came from,and provide an example of how it might work in the world of social media.

Question 42

What is agenda setting?

Question 43

According to uses and gratifications theory,why would a young man watch a romantic comedy movie that he wasn't interested in with his girlfriend?

Question 44

In a brief essay,explain how agenda setting theory and critical/cultural theory could each be used to explain why stories about the #MeToo movement of people reporting sexual harassment and abuse exploded in the fall of 2017.

Question 45

When we learn about the world through the media,we are engaging in what?

Question 46

Documents are much more secure when they are stored electronically rather than on paper.

Question 47

Who are opinion leaders?

Question 48

Briefly describe the difference between an attitudinal effect and a behavioral effect of the media.

Question 49

Provide an example of a psychological effect of the media.

Question 50

Psychographics means using psychics to predict which candidates will be elected.

Question 51

When Omarosa Manigault Newman became famous while she was on the television reality show The Apprentice,she had her reputation built by the ______ function of the media.

Question 52

Provide an example of a cognitive effect of the media.

Question 53

Movies use music as a cue to viewers to tell them how they ought to feel about a particular scene.

Question 54

The mass media engage in status conferral in a number of ways.List two.

Question 55

The following statement,"If men define situations as real,they are real in their consequences," is a central principle of what?

Question 56

What is the mean world syndrome?