Deck 19: Functions of the Blood Vessels

Question 1

If plasma oncotic pressure exceeds capillary pressure,

A)more fluid is filtered from the capillary into the interstitium.
B)more fluid moves into the capillary from the interstitium.
C)plasma proteins diffuse from the capillary into the interstitium.
D)blood volume decreases.

Answer 1

more fluid moves into the capillary from the interstitium.

Question 2

Which artery is most often used to measure blood pressure?

A)Carotid
B)Brachial
C)Femoral
D)Circle of Willis

Answer 2

Brachial

Question 3

A sphygmomanometer measures

A)blood flow.
B)hematocrit.
C)blood pressure.
D)oxygen saturation.

Answer 3

blood pressure.

Question 4

Blood pressure is lowest in the

A)inferior vena cava.
B)aorta.
C)circle of Willis.
D)femoral artery.

Question 5

The characteristic of the arteriole that allows it to function as a resistance vessel is its

A)thin membrane.
B)porous membrane.
C)valves.
D)smooth muscle.

Question 6

Which of the following is most related to the systolic reading,diastolic reading,and Korotkoff sounds?

A)Cardiac output
B)Blood pressure
C)The electrical activity of the heart
D)Coronary blood flow

Question 7

Which of the following structures has the greatest effect on systemic vascular resistance?

A)Veins
B)Arterioles
C)Heart
D)Capillaries

Question 8

Which of the following is most likely to develop if the pressure in the pulmonary capillaries increases?

A)Pedal edema
B)Pulsating jugular veins
C)Pulmonary edema
D)Varicose veins

Question 9

ANP and BNP are secreted by the heart in response to

A)distension of the heart walls.
B)low blood pressure.
C)tachycardia.
D)low blood volume.

Question 10

Which of the following increases systemic vascular resistance,stroke volume,and heart rate?

A)Stimulation of the vagus nerve
B)Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system
C)Administration of a sympatholytic drug
D)Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 11

If a child with nephrotic syndrome loses large amounts of albumin in the urine (albuminuria),

A)plasma oncotic pressure decreases and edema develops.
B)capillary hydrostatic pressure increases,causing edema.
C)plasma oncotic pressure increases,thereby "pulling" fluid into the capillary,causing poor skin turgor.
D)lymph flow decreases.

Question 12

Which blood vessels have very thin walls and are called the exchange vessels?

A)Arterioles
B)Veins
C)Capillaries
D)Arteries

Question 13

Which of the following is true? (CO is cardiac output,BP is blood pressure,SV is stroke volume,HR is heart rate,SVR is systemic vascular resistance. )

A)CO = HR× SV× pulse pressure
B)BP = CO× SV× SVR
C)BP = SV× pulse pressure
D)BP = SV× HR× SVR

Question 14

Plasma oncotic pressure is caused primarily by

A)blood pressure.
B)plasma proteins,especially albumin.
C)lymph.
D)electrolytes such as sodium and chloride.

Question 15

What do the baroreceptors sense?

A)Blood volume
B)Hematocrit
C)Blood pressure
D)Rate of capillary filtration

Question 16

Which condition can occur as a result of low blood volume?

A)Hypertension
B)Pulmonary edema
C)Varicose veins
D)Postural hypotension

Question 17

Blood flow is slowest in the

A)aorta.
B)capillaries.
C)venules.
D)arterioles.

Question 18

What is the pulse pressure when a person's blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg?

A)120 mm Hg
B)80 mm Hg
C)40 mm Hg
D)Can't determine the pulse pressure from this information

Question 19

Which of the following is most likely to induce carotid sinus syncope?

A)Development of hypovolemic (low blood volume) shock,as in hemorrhage
B)Exertion of pressure over the carotid sinus (tight collar)
C)Administration of nitroglycerine (a vasodilator drug)
D)Administration of a diuretic for hypertension

Question 20

If capillary pressure exceeds plasma oncotic pressure,

A)more fluid enters the capillary from the interstitial
B)no net flux of fluid occurs.
C)blood volume expansion occurs.
D)more fluid leaves the capillaries to enter the interstitium

Question 21

What effects do ANP and BNP have?

A)Stimulate vasodilation and decrease blood volume
B)Stimulate vasoconstriction and increase blood volume
C)Stimulate vasoconstriction and decrease blood volume
D)Stimulate vasodilation and increase blood volume

Question 22

Capillary pressure is a reflection of

A)plasma proteins.
B)albumin.
C)lymph.
D)blood pressure.

Question 23

Which of the following drugs is most likely to increase systemic vascular resistance?

A)(+) Inotropic agent
B)Arteriolar constrictor
C)Arteriolar dilator
D)Vasodilator

Question 24

Which of the following elevates blood pressure?

A)Diuretics
B)Vasodilators
C)Vasopressors
D)Antihypertensive drugs

Question 25

If the lymphatic vessels are blocked or surgically removed,

A)excess fluid is filtered out of the capillary.
B)plasma oncotic pressure decreases,thereby causing fluid to leak out of the capillary.
C)fluid and protein accumulate in the interstitium,thereby causing edema.
D)excess fluid moves into the capillary,thereby "drying out" the interstitium.

Question 26

If the left ventricle of the heart fails,blood backs up in the pulmonary capillary,

A)decreasing plasma oncotic pressure and drying out the lungs.
B)blocking the flow of lymph and drying out the lungs.
C)increasing capillary pressure and forcing fluid into the lungs.
D)increasing plasma oncotic pressure,causing pulmonary edema.

Question 27

An IV infusion of mannitol (a sugar solution) is used to decrease intracranial pressure in a head-injured patient because the mannitol

A)provides calories for the healing of the injured brain.
B)is absorbed by the injured brain cells and pulls water into the brain cells from the tissue fluid.
C)pulls water out of the interstitium of the brain into the capillaries,thereby relieving edema.
D)"clumps" the plasma proteins together,thereby severely diminishing plasma oncotic pressure.

Question 28

Which part of the brain participates in the baroreceptor reflex?

A)Cerebrum
B)Corpus callosum
C)Cerebellum
D)Medulla oblongata

Question 29

ADH increases blood pressure by all of the following except

A)acting as a vasopressor.
B)increasing blood volume by reabsorption of water by the kidneys.
C)vasoconstriction.
D)activating baroreceptors.

Question 30

Which of the following is true regarding the sympathetic and parasympathetic arms of the baroreceptor reflex? They carry

A)sensory information from the baroreceptors to the SA and AV nodes of the heart.
B)sensory information from the SA and AV nodes to the spinal cord.
C)motor information from the spinal cord to the heart and blood vessels.
D)motor information from the heart and blood vessels to the aortic and carotid sinus baroreceptors.

Question 31

What is the term that refers to the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings?

A)Pulse deficit
B)Cardiac output
C)Stroke volume
D)Pulse pressure

Question 32

Which of the following is a consequence of sympathetic nerve stimulation?

A)Increased myocardial force of contraction
B)Peripheral vasoconstriction
C)Increased systemic vascular resistance
D)All of the above

Question 33

Edema is least likely to occur in which of the following situations?

A)Plasma oncotic pressure decreases because of starvation.
B)Plasma oncotic pressure decreases because the child filters large amounts of albumin into the urine.
C)Plasma osmolarity increases when the patient becomes dehydrated.
D)A woman with breast cancer has surgery that involves a breast amputation and removal of the lymph nodes and vessels.

Question 34

If plasma osmolarity increases,as in dehydration or the infusion of mannitol (a sugar solution),

A)filtration rate increases.
B)fluid is forced out of the capillary into the interstitium.
C)fluid is "pulled" into the capillary from the interstitium.
D)plasma proteins diffuse out of the capillary into the interstitium.

Question 35

Which statement is not true about baroreceptors?

A)Can induce a reflex tachycardia
B)Located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch
C)Activated by hypoxemia
D)Activated by a hemorrhage-induced decline in blood pressure

Question 36

In which direction does blood flow shift in response to exercise?

A)Increased blood flow to kidneys and digestive tract
B)Increased blood flow to skin and skeletal muscles
C)Increased blood flow to abdominal organs and kidneys
D)Decreased blood flow to the heart and skeletal muscles

Question 37

Both epinephrine and norepinephrine are

A)steroids.
B)secreted by the adrenal medulla.
C)vasodilators.
D)blood pressure-lowering hormones.

Question 38

A pregnant woman notices that her ankles are swollen after standing for 6 hours at her place of employment.In the evening,when she elevates her feet,the swelling diminishes because

A)capillary pressure in the blood vessels of the lower extremities decreases.
B)plasma oncotic pressure decreases.
C)plasma oncotic pressure increases.
D)lymphatic drainage decreases.

Question 39

Which of the following exerts a vasopressor effect?

A)BNP
B)ADH
C)ANP
D)Both A and C

Question 40

A tight collar might trigger the baroreceptor reflex because the

A)carotid baroreceptors sense a change in the osmolarity of the blood flowing through the carotid arteries.
B)carotid baroreceptors interpret the elevated carotid pressure as an elevation of blood pressure.
C)tight collar occludes blood flow to the brain,causing cerebral artery spasms.
D)tight collar impairs drainage of cerebral venous blood,causing cerebral edema.

Question 41

What is the mean arterial pressure of a blood pressure of 140/80?

A)40 mm Hg
B)100 mm Hg
C)60 mm Hg
D)Can't determine from this data

Question 42

Baroreceptors

A)are found in all arterioles and sense plasma levels of CO₂.
B)affect respiratory rate.
C)monitor [H+] and therefore regulate blood pH.
D)are located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch and sense changes in blood pressure.

Question 43

Systemic vascular resistance decreases when the

A)blood viscosity increases.
B)stroke volume increases.
C)arterioles dilate.
D)arterioles respond to sympathetic nerve stimulation.

Question 44

A decreased plasma oncotic pressure is caused by

A)loss of plasma proteins,such as albumin.
B)leukocytosis.
C)a hypoxemia-induced polycythemia.
D)dehydration and "tenting."

Question 45

Loss of speech,paralysis,and possible death can be caused by

A)hypertension.
B)rupture of a blood vessel in the brain.
C)decreased oncotic pressure.
D)edema.

Question 46

An intense vagal discharge is most apt to cause

A)tachycardia.
B)decreased heart rate.
C)deep vein thrombosis.
D)white coat hypertension.

Question 47

A patient has a heart rate of 128 beats/min,a blood pressure of 90/60 mm Hg,and an ejection fraction of 35%.The pulse pressure is

A)65%.
B)30 mm Hg.
C)150 mm Hg.
D)unknown from the data.

Question 48

Which of the following is not true about blood pressure?

A)The brachial artery is most commonly used to monitor blood pressure.
B)Blood pressure is higher in the arteries than in the capillaries.
C)Blood pressure is higher in the capillaries than in the veins.
D)Blood pressure is higher in the vena cava than in the arterioles.

Question 49

With regard to the baroreceptor reflex,which event occurs first?

A)Activation of the baroreceptors in response to a drop in blood pressure
B)Reflex tachycardia
C)Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves
D)Stimulation of the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and the vagus (CN X) nerves

Question 50

The function of the nozzle on a garden hose most closely resembles the function of the

A)heart.
B)parasympathetic nervous system.
C)arterioles.
D)venous valves.

Question 51

To maintain a consistent cardiac output,what happens to SV as HR increases?

A)Stroke volume increases.
B)Stroke volume decreases.
C)Stroke volume stays the same.
D)Cannot be determined from the information given.

Question 52

While "taking" a blood pressure,you record the first Korotkoff sounds as the

A)pulse pressure.
B)mean arterial blood pressure.
C)diastolic reading.
D)systolic reading.

Question 53

An agent that is described as a vasopressor

A)causes peripheral vasodilation.
B)elevates blood pressure.
C)decreases systemic vascular resistance.
D)decreases cardiac output.

Question 54

In the dehydrated state,

A)capillary oncotic pressure decreases and fluid accumulates in the tissue spaces.
B)capillary filtration pressure decreases and tissue fluid is pulled back into blood vessels.
C)capillary filtration rate increases,thereby increasing lymph formation.
D)plasma protein is filtered into the tissue spaces,causing edema.

Question 55

Which of the following is most responsible for the plasma oncotic pressure?

A)Albumin
B)Cl-
C)Na+
D)HCO₃-

Question 56

A patient has hemorrhaged 1 liter of blood; he is diaphoretic (profuse perspiration),oliguric (decreased urinary output),and tachycardic.Physiologically,what is happening?

A)The patient has lost so much plasma protein (albumin) that fluid has shifted into his tissue spaces.
B)In response to the blood loss and declining blood pressure,the baroreceptor reflex has kicked in,causing a sympathetic discharge.
C)The shock-induced low blood pressure has caused a vagal discharge.
D)The shock-induced hypotension has inactivated all autonomic receptors.

Question 57

Which of the following is not true of an adult male who has a blood pressure of 116/72 mm Hg?

A)It is a normotensive reading.
B)The 116 mm Hg is the systolic reading.
C)The 72 mm Hg is the diastolic reading.
D)The pulse pressure is 100 mm Hg.

Question 58

Which of the following is true of vasoconstriction?

A)Caused by parasympathetic nerve stimulation
B)Increases SVR
C)Caused by vagal discharge
D)Generally accompanied by arteriolar dilation

Question 59

If capillary pore size increases,as in severe burns,

A)capillary filtration of water decreases.
B)albumin is filtered from the capillaries and is deposited in the tissue space.
C)blood volume overload develops,causing the heart to fail.
D)all of the above occur.

Question 60

If digital (finger press) pressure is exerted over the carotid sinus,you would expect

A)the sympathetics to fire,thereby increasing blood pressure.
B)that the medulla oblongata will interpret the signal as high blood pressure and therefore fire the vagus nerve.
C)no effect,because the baroreceptors are "crushed."
D)reflex tachycardia.

Question 61

Why does blood flow from the arterial side of the circulation to the venous side of the circulation?

A)Capillary pressure is higher than the pressure within the large arteries and veins.
B)The oncotic pressure in the venous side of the circulation is greater than the oncotic pressure on the venous side of the circulation.
C)The pressure on the arterial side of the circulation is higher than the pressure on the venous side of the circulation.
D)Blood volume is greater on the arterial side of the circulation than on the venous side of the circulation.

Question 62

An elderly person has been on bed rest for 2 weeks.On her first attempt to get out of bed,she experiences an episode of syncope.What is the most likely cardiovascular explanation for her fainting episode?

A)White coat hypertension
B)Postural hypotension
C)Elevated blood pressure
D)Hypoglycemia

Question 63

Which of the following refers to an insufficient blood supply to an organ or body part?

A)Pallor
B)Ischemia
C)Paresthesia
D)Paresis

Question 64

Which statement is the best explanation of the following: Sympathetic nerve stimulation increases systemic vascular resistance.

A)Sympathetic nerve stimulation causes many of the arterioles in the peripheral circulation to constrict.
B)Sympathetic nerve stimulation causes peripheral venodilation and a decrease in preload.
C)Sympathetic nerve stimulation reduces afterload in the systemic circulation.
D)Sympathetic nerve stimulation causes a vasodepressor effect.

Question 65

A patient takes a drug that immediately causes a reflex tachycardia.What is the most likely explanation for this effect on heart rate?

A)The drug causes a sudden decline in blood pressure,thereby activating the baroreceptor reflex.
B)The drug spikes or elevates the blood pressure,thereby activating the baroreceptor reflex.
C)The drug causes venoconstriction.
D)The drug causes an increase in SVR (systemic vascular resistance).

Question 66

Which of the following might result from ischemia?

A)Tissue damage
B)Pain
C)Gangrene
D)All of the above

Question 67

The disappearance of Korotkoff sounds

A)indicates that blood flow has been restored in the previously occluded blood vessel.
B)is recorded as the diastolic reading.
C)is indicative of a life-threatening hypotension.
D)Both A and B are true.

Question 68

Your patient's initial blood pressure was 155/95 mm Hg.After 10 minutes his blood pressure was 125/75 mm Hg.Which of the following best reflects this observation?

A)Hemorrhage-induced hypotension
B)Hypertensive crisis
C)White coat hypertension
D)The "silent killer"

Question 69

Which of the following is the most likely consequence of venodilation,or "pooling" of the blood in the venous circulation?

A)Increased EDV (end-diastolic volume)
B)Increased myocardial contraction
C)Decreased venous return
D)Increased blood pressure

Question 70

Which of the following is a true statement regarding baroreceptors?

A)Baroreceptor activation is a response to pedal edema.
B)Baroreceptors are located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch.
C)Baroreceptors are activated only in response to a sudden decline in blood pressure.
D)All of the above are true.