Deck 24: Urinary System

Question 1

The efferent arterioles extend to become the

A)peritubular capillaries.
B)afferent arterioles.
C)glomeruli.
D)renal artery.

Answer 1

peritubular capillaries.

Question 2

The urinary tract is lined with

A)serous membrane.
B)the renal capsule.
C)mucous membrane.
D)tubular epithelium.

Answer 2

mucous membrane.

Question 3

Which of the following words best describes the function of the urinary bladder?

A)Filtration
B)Storage
C)Reabsorption
D)Buffering of H+

Answer 3

Storage

Question 4

Which of the following is correct?

A)One kidney
B)One ureter
C)Two urinary bladders
D)One urethra

Question 5

The urinary meatus is a part of the

A)ureter.
B)urinary bladder.
C)urethra.
D)collecting duct.

Question 6

Urine flows from the ascending limb (loop of Henle) into the

A)glomeruli.
B)proximal convoluted tubule.
C)distal convoluted tubule.
D)ureter.

Question 7

The calyces receive urine from the

A)proximal convoluted tubule.
B)collecting ducts.
C)glomeruli.
D)peritubular capillaries.

Question 8

The proximal convoluted tubules extend to become the

A)peritubular capillaries.
B)collecting duct.
C)descending limb (loop of Henle).
D)glomeruli.

Question 9

The detrusor muscle is located in the

A)urethra.
B)renal pelvis.
C)urinary bladder.
D)glomeruli.

Question 10

Which blood vessel(s) is (are) primarily concerned with reabsorption?

A)Renal artery
B)Glomeruli
C)Renal vein
D)Peritubular capillaries

Question 11

The renal capsule

A)lines the tubules.
B)lines the urinary bladder.
C)surrounds the kidneys.
D)outlines the trigone.

Question 12

ADH exerts its effects primarily on the

A)proximal convoluted tubule.
B)afferent arteriole.
C)collecting duct.
D)renal pelvis.

Question 13

What is the major artery that supplies the kidneys?

A)Carotid
B)Portal
C)Celiac axis
D)Renal

Question 14

Which of the following is not "plumbing"?

A)Glomeruli
B)Ureters
C)Urinary bladder
D)Urethra

Question 15

The word voiding refers to

A)urine formation.
B)catheterization.
C)micturition.
D)cystitis.

Question 16

What vascular structure is found between the afferent and efferent arterioles?

A)Peritubular capillaries
B)Renal artery
C)Glomerulus
D)Renal veins

Question 17

The renal cortex descends between the pyramids as the

A)pelvis.
B)collecting ducts.
C)calyces.
D)renal columns.

Question 18

What is the urine-making structure of the kidney?

A)Trigone
B)Renal pyramid
C)Renal capsule
D)Nephron unit

Question 19

Where does aldosterone exert its effects?

A)Glomeruli
B)Efferent arteriole
C)Distal convoluted tubule
D)Ascending limb (loop of Henle)

Question 20

Which structure is located between the renal pelvis and the urinary bladder?

A)Urethra
B)Trigone
C)Urinary meatus
D)Ureter

Question 21

The renal excretion of Na⁺ is generally accompanied by the excretion of

A)bicarbonate.
B)water.
C)albumin.
D)renin.

Question 22

Cystitis refers to inflammation of the

A)kidneys.
B)meatus.
C)urinary bladder.
D)renal pelvis.

Question 23

Bowman's capsule is part of the

A)nephron unit.
B)renal pelvis.
C)collecting duct.
D)urinary bladder.

Question 24

The detrusor muscle is concerned with

A)urine formation.
B)micturition.
C)sodium reabsorption.
D)potassium excretion.

Question 25

Pyuria is indicative of

A)infection.
B)glomerular damage.
C)deficiency of ADH.
D)excess secretion of aldosterone.

Question 26

Natriuresis refers to the renal excretion of

A)K+.
B)Na+.
C)water.
D)bicarbonate.

Question 27

Which substance is filtered by the glomerulus and is excreted in the urine (there is minimal reabsorption)?

A)Albumin
B)Glucose
C)Sodium
D)Creatinine

Question 28

Which of the following is not true of ADH?

A)Secreted by the posterior pituitary gland
B)Secreted in response to low blood volume and concentrated plasma (as in dehydration)
C)Causes the renal excretion of sodium,potassium,and water
D)Deficiency causes diabetes insipidus

Question 29

Which of the following is not located within the urinary bladder?

A)Trigone
B)Detrusor muscle
C)Internal sphincter
D)Calyces

Question 30

Which of the following is most likely to cause polyuria?

A)Oversecretion of aldosterone
B)Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
C)Deficiency of ADH
D)Activation of angiotensinogen

Question 31

Which of the following should not be found in the glomerular filtrate?

A)Albumin
B)Sodium
C)Potassium
D)Water

Question 32

Renin activates

A)aldosterone.
B)converting enzyme.
C)angiotensinogen.
D)angiotensin II.

Question 33

The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is located near the

A)collecting duct.
B)afferent arteriole.
C)ureter.
D)renal pelvis.

Question 34

The internal and external sphincters are associated with (the)

A)renal pelvis.
B)Bowman's capsule.
C)juxtaglomerular apparatus.
D)urinary bladder.

Question 35

Kaliuresis refers to the renal excretion of

A)sodium.
B)bicarbonate.
C)water.
D)potassium.

Question 36

The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) secretes

A)aldosterone.
B)ADH.
C)angiotensin.
D)renin.

Question 37

Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

A)reabsorbs K+ and eliminates Na+ in the urine.
B)causes albuminuria.
C)expands blood volume.
D)causes hematuria.

Question 38

Aldosterone

A)depletes blood volume.
B)causes potassium reabsorption.
C)causes sodium excretion.
D)causes Na+ and water reabsorption.

Question 39

Which of the following is found in the kidney?

A)Detrusor muscle
B)Trigone
C)Nephron units
D)Urethra

Question 40

Which of the following is absorbed across the walls of the collecting duct under the influence of ADH?

A)Potassium
B)Urea
C)Water
D)Albumin

Question 41

What is the meaning of an elevated serum creatinine?

A)The kidneys are making too much creatinine.
B)Too much creatinine is being reabsorbed by the peritubular capillaries.
C)The kidneys are not filtering creatinine; this is a sign of kidney failure.
D)The kidneys are excreting too much urine.

Question 42

The urinary bladder

A)contains only skeletal muscle.
B)receives urine from two urethras.
C)causes diuresis in response to ADH deficiency.
D)causes micturition when the detrusor muscle contracts and the internal sphincter relaxes.

Question 43

What part of the nephron unit filters 180 L of water per day?

A)Peritubular capillaries
B)Glomeruli
C)Calyces
D)Trigone

Question 44

Under normal conditions,which substance is present in the urine?

A)Creatinine
B)Fibrinogen
C)Myosin
D)Albumin

Question 45

Which hormone affects blood volume?

A)PTH
B)Erythropoietin
C)Insulin
D)Aldosterone

Question 46

ADH

A)is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
B)is a mineralocorticoid that is secreted by the adrenal cortex.
C)stimulates the collecting duct to reabsorb water.
D)increases the GFR.

Question 47

Which of the following is caused by a deficiency of erythropoietin?

A)Oliguria
B)Anemia
C)Albuminuria
D)Cystitis

Question 48

A diuretic

A)causes the excretion of sodium and water in the urine.
B)causes hyperglycemia.
C)blocks the effects of PTH.
D)stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the peritubular capillaries.

Question 49

Which of the following terms refers to the voluntary expulsion of urine?

A)Polyuria
B)Diuresis
C)Micturition
D)Dialysis

Question 50

Which of the following occurs at the distal convoluted tubule?

A)180 L of water is filtered into the tubules.
B)Renin is secreted.
C)Urine flows from the distal convoluted tubule into the ascending loop of Henle.
D)Sodium and water are reabsorbed.

Question 51

Creatinine is

A)completely reabsorbed by the peritubular capillaries.
B)a waste product that is filtered and not reabsorbed.
C)a renal enzyme that activates angiotensinogen.
D)a renal hormone that stimulates red blood cell production by the bone marrow.

Question 52

Which of the following is caused by prolonged hypotension?

A)Oliguria
B)Albuminuria
C)Cystitis
D)Glomerulonephritis

Question 53

Aldosterone

A)is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.
B)acts on the collecting duct blocking the reabsorption of water.
C)stimulates the reabsorption of water but has no effect on potassium.
D)is a mineralocorticoid that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium.

Question 54

A drug is classified as a diuretic.Most likely,the drug

A)decreases the GFR.
B)blocks the tubular reabsorption of Na+.
C)activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
D)causes the release of ADH.

Question 55

With regard to reabsorption,which structure plays the most important role?

A)Glomeruli
B)Renal pelvis
C)Urinary bladder
D)Peritubular capillaries

Question 56

Which condition is associated with proteinuria?

A)Bladder infection
B)Urethritis
C)Glomerular damage
D)Deficiency of ADH

Question 57

In the process of secretion,a substance moves from the peritubular capillaries into what structure?

A)Glomeruli
B)Calyces
C)Renal pelvis
D)Renal tubules

Question 58

Low levels of oxygen stimulate the kidneys to secrete which hormone?

A)Renin
B)Aldosterone
C)Erythropoietin
D)Converting enzyme

Question 59

Which condition is characterized by hematuria and pyuria?

A)Renal failure
B)Diuresis
C)Urinary retention
D)Cystitis

Question 60

Renal failure causes anemia because of

A)a lack of erythropoietin.
B)gross hematuria.
C)uremia-induced hemolysis.
D)uremia-induced hypokalemia.

Question 61

What is the earliest consequence of a decreased GFR,as in shock?

A)Urinary retention
B)Glucosuria
C)Albuminuria
D)Oliguria

Question 62

Which of the following urine-making processes occurs first?

A)Urine concentration by the collecting ducts
B)Glomerular filtration
C)Reabsorption of Na+
D)Secretion of K+

Question 63

A drug that blocks the effects of aldosterone

A)decreases the reabsorption of Na+ and water.
B)is kaliuretic.
C)causes oliguria.
D)Two of the above are true.

Question 64

Which of the following is false with regard to normal urine?

A)Normal urine has E.coli as part of its normal flora.
B)Urinary tract infections are more common in alkaline urine than in acid urine.
C)Urine does not contain glucose.
D)Urine does not contain significant amounts of albumin.

Question 65

A patient with stenosis (narrowing) of the renal artery is most likely to present with

A)uremia.
B)hypertension.
C)albuminuria,hypoalbuminemia,and edema.
D)glucosuria.

Question 66

Albuminuria is most indicative of

A)an enlarged pore size of the collecting duct membrane.
B)urinary incontinence.
C)increased pore size of the glomeruli
D)a deficiency of ADH and/or aldosterone.

Question 67

The distal convoluted tubule

A)receives urine from the collecting duct.
B)reabsorbs Na+ and water in response to aldosterone.
C)is the nephron structure that is primarily associated with filtration.
D)empties its urine into Bowman's capsule.

Question 68

Which of the following is true of glomerular function?

A)It is unaffected by blood pressure.
B)It is concerned with the filtration of 1.5 L/24 hr (of water).
C)A decline in GFR (glomerular filtration rate) causes polyuria.
D)An increase in GFR increases urine formation.

Question 69

A deficiency of aldosterone causes a decrease in the tubular reabsorption of sodium and water,causing a significant decrease in blood volume and

A)azotemia and uremia.
B)generalized edema.
C)hypotension.
D)anemia.

Question 70

Glucose is not normally excreted in the urine because

A)glucose cannot be filtered.
B)all filtered glucose is reabsorbed.
C)glucose is used up by the metabolizing nephron units.
D)glucose is converted to ammonia in the distal tubule and excreted as urea.

Question 71

Most tubular reabsorption takes place

A)across the glomerular membrane.
B)in response to aldosterone.
C)in response to ADH.
D)across the proximal tubule.

Question 72

What happens at the glomerular membrane?

A)Water and dissolved solute are filtered into Bowman's capsule.
B)The JGA cells release ADH.
C)The JGA cells release aldosterone.
D)Na+ is reabsorbed.

Question 73

Glucosuria is most likely to cause

A)hyperglycemia.
B)uremia and azotemia.
C)polyuria and dehydration.
D)hematuria and anemia.

Question 74

When the arterial blood pressure declines to 70/40 mm Hg,

A)GFR decreases.
B)diuresis occurs.
C)aldosterone secretion decreases.
D)ADH secretion diminishes.

Question 75

Angiotensin II

A)is secreted by the JGA cells in the kidney.
B)is converted to angiotensin I by renin.
C)is a potent vasoconstrictor.
D)inhibits the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex.

Question 76

Which of the following is true of aldosterone?

A)It is an androgen.
B)It is the "salt-retaining" hormone.
C)It causes the tubular reabsorption of sodium,potassium,and water.
D)All of the above are true.

Question 77

Micturition

A)is another term for urination.
B)occurs across the glomerular membrane.
C)is the opposite of voiding.
D)All of the above are true.

Question 78

Albuminuria and generalized edema (anasarca) are usually accompanied by

A)cystitis.
B)hypoalbuminemia.
C)glucosuria.
D)pyuria.

Question 79

Renin

A)is a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.
B)is called converting enzyme.
C)activates angiotensinogen.
D)Two of the above are true.

Question 80

An anticholinergic (muscarinic antagonist) drug,such as atropine,prevents both the relaxation of the urinary sphincter and the contraction of the detrusor muscle.You would therefore observe the patient for signs of

A)uremia.
B)urinary suppression.
C)urinary retention.
D)nephrotic syndrome.