Deck 15: Media Effects

Question 1

Which is the basis for imitative behaviour?

A) Copycatting
B) Starstruck imagining
C) Hero-worshipping
D) Role modelling
E) Parental influence

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The movie cowboy who wears a black hat because he is the bad guy is an example of

A) colour coding.
B) passive violence.
C) discrimination.
D) stereotyping.
E) socialization.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which is not an element of Harold Lasswell's model of mass communication?

A) Who
B) Which channel
C) To whom
D) With what effect
E) Where

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which term describes the breaking down of barriers between parents and children?

A) Intergenerational eavesdropping
B) Old-young cooperation
C) Generational symmetry
D) Parent-child bonding
E) Multi-generationality

Question 5

Paul Lazarsfeld found that voters were more influenced by

A) newspapers.
B) radio.
C) television.
D) other people.
E) politicians.

Question 6

Being very well informed without actually being involved is symptomatic of

A) narcoticizing dysfunction.
B) a cumulative effect.
C) status conferral.
D) two-step flow.
E) a minimalist effect.

Question 7

Opinion leaders are key in

A) two-step flow theory.
B) narcotiiczing dysfunction.
C) self-induced passivity.
D) cathartic theory.
E) powerful effects theory.

Question 8

Which term refers to the vocal majority intimidating others into silence?

A) Vocalization
B) Silent intimidation
C) Spiral of silence
D) Web of deception
E) Narcoticizing dysfunction

Question 9

When media decide to cover certain issues and people,the media are engaging in

A) agenda setting.
B) the hypodermic needle model.
C) two-step flow.
D) status conferral.
E) the magic bullet model.

Question 10

The notion that the media lull people into passivity is called

A) the nonactivity notion.
B) narcoticizing dysfunction.
C) the disinterest disorder.
D) the passivity premise.
E) the withdrawal phenomenon.

Question 11

Which was the first generation of media effects theories?

A) Minimalist
B) Two-step flow
C) Multistep flow
D) Cumulative effects
E) Powerful effects

Question 12

Which theory claims that the influence of media messages is gradual over time?

A) Cumulative effects theory
B) Delayed reaction theory
C) Slow burn theory
D) Third-person effect theory
E) Postponed gratification theory

Question 13

When people use the media to learn about how to fit in with other people,which function is being served?

A) Entertainment
B) Socialization
C) Surveillance
D) Diversion
E) Correlation

Question 14

A young person turning 18 will have spent more time doing which activity than any other activity except sleeping?

A) Watching television
B) Surfing the web
C) Listening to radio
D) Eating
E) Talking on a cell phone

Question 15

The effects of the War of the Worlds broadcast were particularly amazing considering

A) the Emergency Warning System had not gone off.
B) that H.G. Wells's story was part of U.S. high school curricula.
C) how well educated the U.S. population was in 1938.
D) scientific knowledge and understanding were so well understood at the time.
E) an announcer identified the program as fiction at four points.

Question 16

Media effects on opinion are

A) sudden.
B) intense.
C) gradual.
D) frequent.
E) predictable.

Question 17

Which is a kind of shorthand that facilitates communication?

A) Micro-sizing
B) Codifying
C) Condensing
D) Role modelling
E) Stereotyping

Question 18

Which metaphors did powerful effects theorists use to describe media effects?

A) Bullets and hypodermic needles
B) Cotton and silk
C) Sugar and salt
D) Colours and images
E) Coffee cups and glasses

Question 19

Which theory holds that people overestimate the impact of media messages on other people?

A) Uses and gratifications
B) Two-step flow
C) Cumulative effects
D) Third-person effect
E) Status conferral

Question 20

Who articulated the agenda-setting theory?

A) Hadley Cantril
B) Walter Lippmann
C) Robert Park
D) Paul Lazarsfeld
E) McCombs and Shaw

Question 21

Who scared millions of radio listeners with the 1938 radio drama The War of the Worlds?

A) Robert Park
B) Walter Lippmann
C) Orson Welles
D) Paul Lazarsfeld
E) Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann

Question 22

When men in New Guinea started to wear Western-style clothing after watching movies,this is an example of

A) contemporary transmission.
B) historical transmission.
C) radical change.
D) fashionable rebellion.
E) immigration.

Question 23

How many names were on the petition presented by Virginie Larivière to Prime Minister Brian Mulroney to reduce violence on television?

A) 35 000
B) 250 000
C) 500 000
D) 900 000
E) 1.3 million

Question 24

Paul Lazarsfeld found that the media had hardly any direct effect on voters.

Question 25

Powerful effects theory has only been popular since the 1990s.

Question 26

Which term describes the communication of cultural values to later generations?

A) Indoctrination
B) Cross-cultural learning
C) Intergenerational mobility
D) Historical transmission
E) Contemporary transmission

Question 27

Which theory claims that media effects on individuals come through complex interpersonal connections?

A) Minimalist
B) Two-step flow
C) Multistep flow
D) Cumulative effects
E) Powerful effects

Question 28

Only people in authority roles can be opinion leaders.

Question 29

Status conferral means that the media tell people what to think about.

Question 30

Which term describes the release of violent inclinations by seeing them portrayed?

A) Seymour effect
B) Violent effect
C) Bullet effect
D) Cathartic effect
E) Observational effect

Question 31

According to Antonia Zerbisias,who is the best regulator of violence for children?

A) CRTC
B) Parents
C) Federal regulators
D) Media companies
E) Teachers

Question 32

Which theory sees media violence as having a contributing role in violent behaviour,not as triggering it?

A) Two-step flow theory
B) Catalytic theory
C) Bullet theory
D) Multistep flow theory
E) Status conferral theory

Question 33

Who concluded that media-depicted violence scares far more people than it inspires to violence,leading them to believe the world is more dangerous than it really is?

A) George Gerbner
B) Hadley Cantril
C) Wilbur Schramm
D) Paul Lazarsfeld
E) Peggy Charren

Question 34

Which is an example of eavesdropping?

A) Using broad strokes to facilitate storytelling
B) Children watching adult issues on television
C) Using the names of famous people for greater credibility
D) Parents being over-protective of their children
E) Reporters stealing stories from other reporters

Question 35

Which recent issue parallels the debate about black civil rights?

A) Immigration
B) Drugs
C) Terrorism
D) Health
E) Education

Question 36

Albert Bandura's Bobo doll studies were concerned with which issue?

A) Kindness
B) Gender socialization
C) Westernization
D) Cultural imperialism
E) Violence

Question 37

Orson Welles created the powerful effects theory.

Question 38

Which theory suggests that media-depicted violence has a numbing and callousing effect?

A) Aggressive cues
B) Catharsis
C) Catalytic
D) Desensitizing
E) Status conferral

Question 39

How does the CRTC address the threat of cultural imperialism?

A) Content regulations
B) Exporting Canadian films and music
C) Extra subsidies
D) Censorship
E) Ban American programming

Question 40

Which term did Herbert Schiller use to describe the effect of American media products on other cultures?

A) Contemporary transmission
B) Historical transmission
C) Radical change
D) Westernization
E) Cultural imperialism

Question 41

Pro-social means that socialization perpetuates positive values.

Question 42

Television may impart more socializing information than parents do.

Question 43

Narcoticizing dysfunction can be caused by having too much information.

Question 44

The third-person effect means that media might harm other people.

Question 45

The cumulative effects theory claims that the media have a powerful immediate effect that diminishes over time.

Question 46

Joshua Meyrowitz noted that media tend to increase generational and gender barriers.

Question 47

Feminists have leveled objections that women are both underrepresented and misrepresented in the media.

Question 48

Some media influence is undeniable.

Question 49

Narcoticizing dysfunction is one aspect of the hypodermic needle theory.

Question 50

Observational learning means that people learn behaviour only by seeing it in real life.

Question 51

Everybody is born knowing how to fit into society.

Question 52

Media and lifestyles are intertwined.

Question 53

Role modelling can only work for negative purposes.

Question 54

Virginie Larivière asked for legislation that would reduce the level of violent programming on television.

Question 55

Media effects on opinion are often gradual.

Question 56

The media socialize by transmitting dominant values and beliefs.

Question 57

Mass media have a limited role in helping children learn society's expectations of them.

Question 58

The spiral of silence refers to media blackouts on controversial issues.

Question 59

The mass media can reflect lifestyles but cannot shape them.

Question 60

Stereotyping is a kind of shorthand that can facilitate communication.

Question 61

__________________ suggests that the media do not tell people what to think but tell them what to think about.

Question 62

The __________________ theory argues the media do not have powerful immediate effects,but the effects over time can be profound.

Question 63

The media should bear all the blame for children having access to violent imagery.

Question 64

Orson Welles frightened millions of radio listeners with his radio drama __________________.

Question 65

Albert Bandura's Bobo doll studies clearly proved that media violence causes violent reactions.

Question 66

__________________ refers to the vocal majority intimidating others into silence.

Question 67

A young person turning 18 will have spent more time __________________ than doing any other activity except sleeping.

Question 68

? The __________________ theory wrongly assumes that individuals are passive.

Question 69

Gerbner calculates that there is more violence shown on television than occurs in real life.

Question 70

Media-depicted violence makes people more likely to submit to authority.

Question 71

AGVOT is an ardent proponent of censorship.

Question 72

When children see adult topics depicted on television,this is an example of __________________.

Question 73

Studies have found as many as six violent acts per hour on prime-time network television.

Question 74

Wilbur Schramm found that "for some children under other conditions,most television is harmful."

Question 75

The cathartic effect sees a direct link between media violence and violent behaviour.

Question 76

In the two-step flow model,the media have an effect on individuals through __________________.

Question 77

When Batman and Robin fastened their seat belts,this was an example of __________________.

Question 78

According to the violence code introduced by AGVOT in 1993,no violence is allowed on children's programming.

Question 79

The __________________ effect suggests that watching violence allows individuals to vicariously release pent-up frustration.

Question 80

Screen-triggered violence is more likely if the aggression is obviously fake and unconvincing.