Deck 7: Becoming Gendered: The Early Years

Question 1

Men in the United States are seen as failing at masculinity if they try to transcend traditional notions of masculinity.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Girls typically define their femininity in negative terms-as not masculine or not male.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Female babies tend to identify with their mothers and male babies tend to identify with their fathers.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Mothers are more likely to encourage gender-appropriate behavior in their children.

Question 5

Newborn baby girls are frequently described as strong,big,active,and alert by their parents.

Question 6

In the United States,a current theme in views of femininity is that women should establish closeness through talking with others in large relational networks.

Question 7

Even when people Kathy hardly knows tell her about their emotions and private lives she feels very connected to them.Kathy could be described as

A) having thick (or rigid) ego boundaries.
B) having thin (or permeable) ego boundaries.
C) having unstable gender constancy.
D) having an androgynous gender identification.
E) having an unstable sense of self.

Question 8

What has research found about social aggression in girls?

A) It is often physical.
B) It includes spreading rumors.
C) It happens very infrequently.
D) It has decreased in the last 5 years.
E) It tends to end by the time girls are in high school.

Question 9

Men tend to have relatively firm ego boundaries.

Question 10

Though many things have changed about gender over time,appearance is still a primary measure and marker of femininity.

Question 11

Daniel works as a barista at a small coffee house in New York City.He loves his job and his customers love him.He has a very small apartment that he shares with a roommate. His salary allows him to eat at restaurants a few times a month and to visit his sister in another state a couple of times a year.Daniel is mostly satisfied with his life.However, he feels a lot of pressure from his parents,especially his father,to go out and find a job in his college major of economics.Daniel's father frequently derides the coffee house job and the size of Daniel's apartment.What theme of masculinity is described here?

A) Don't be female.
B) Be successful.
C) Be aggressive.
D) Be sexual.
E) Be self-reliant.

Question 12

Which of the following is generally true of mothers' communication with their children?

A) Mothers tend to communicate with children more than fathers.
B) Mothers typically focus on providing comfort, security, and emotional development.
C) Mothers tend to talk about numbers with their sons more often than their daughters.
D) Mothers engage in more eye contact and face-to-face interaction with children than do fathers.
E) All of the above.

Question 13

According to some counselors,pressure to live up to ideals of masculinity has led to an epidemic of hidden male depression.

Question 14

Before leaving for work every morning,Laura spends about 90 minutes styling her hair and applying her makeup.Before bed each night,she carefully selects the outfit she will wear to work in the morning.At Laura's office,the list of requirements for women in the dress code is two pages long.The requirements for men fill barely half a page.Which theme of femininity does this describe?

A) Appearance still counts.
B) Being superwoman.
C) Being treated negatively by others.
D) There is no single definition of femininity today.
E) Being sensitive.

Question 15

A person's private sense of,and subjective experience of,his or her gender is called

A) monitoring.
B) internalization.
C) gender identity.
D) ego boundaries.
E) gender constancy.

Question 16

The point at which an individual stops and the rest of the world begins is called a(n)

A) gender identity.
B) gender constancy.
C) ego boundary.
D) masculine speech community.
E) none of the above.

Question 17

According to psychoanalytic theory,families play a critical role in the formation of gender identity.

Question 18

Allison is a thirty-year-old mother of two young sons.She and her partner,Mike,both have full time jobs.At work,Allison constantly feels pressure to work hard for promotion to the next level in her career.At home,she worries frequently that she's not spending enough time with her sons and that her house is never clean enough.What theme of cultural expectations of women is Allison experiencing?

A) Be superwoman.
B) Be sensitive and caring.
C) Appearance still counts.
D) Negative treatment by others.
E) None of the above.

Question 19

Which of the following is true,according to psychoanalytic theorists?

A) Children of both sexes usually form their first identification with an adult woman.
B) Boys identify more closely with their fathers than girls identify with their mothers.
C) For a girl to fully form her identity, she must repress her original identification with her mother.
D) At around the age of one year, male and female development diverges dramatically.
E) All of the above.

Question 20

Derek is frustrated because his girlfriend wants him to speak openly about his feelings, but his male friends make fun of him for showing.Which of the following elements of masculine socialization in the United States best describes both of these pressures Derek feels?

A) Don't be female.
B) Be aggressive.
C) Follow the boy code.
D) Embody and transcend traditional views of masculinity.
E) Be successful.

Question 21

Define ego boundaries and explain how they typically develop in masculine and feminine people,noting both similarities and differences in development.

Question 22

Gender identity

Question 23

"Anatomy is destiny"

Question 24

Social aggression:

Question 25

Parental modeling

Question 26

According to psychoanalytical theory,how do most boys develop their gender identity?

Question 27

Children tend to be socialized into very strict gender roles.This socialization process and these expectations tend to be especially difficult for children who are gay,lesbian,bisexual,transgendered,intersexed,or otherwise genderqueer.Give an example of two specific difficulties that queer kids may face growing up as well as a potential response to help ease each issue,explaining how the response would directly impact the issue.

Question 28

Contemporary fathers are far more involved in their children's lives than were fathers of previous generations.Based on the ideas discussed inChapter 7,reflect on the implications this might have on the gender development of contemporary children.

Question 29

Ego boundaries

Question 30

Identification

Question 31

Identify the themes (or elements)of what it means to be masculine in the United States.As part of your explanation,be sure you provide brief,concrete examples for the six themes.Finally,discuss one way that parental/guardian communication about gender (as discussed inChapter 7 of Gendered Lives)may influence understanding of one or more of these themes.

Question 32

Identify the themes (or elements)of what it means to be feminine in the United States.As part of your explanation,be sure you provide brief,concrete examples for the five themes.Finally,discuss one way that parental/guardian communication about gender (as discussed inChapter 7 of Gendered Lives)may influence understanding of one or more of these themes.