Deck 7: Ferment in the Middle East: The Rise of Islam

Question 1

Identify the following terms.
Ka'aba

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

To what degree do the beliefs of Islam,distinct from other aspects of Arab culture between 500 and 650 C.E.,appear to have motivated Muslims to expand the territory under their control? How does the evidence,as you see it,lead you to that result?

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

What role did the expansion of the Seljuk Turks play in the origins of the Crusades? How would you characterize the behavior of the European Crusaders as they entered Jerusalem?

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

What are the basic beliefs of the Islamic religion? To what degree are they reflective of the experiences of Muhammad and the culture of Arabian society in this time? Why do you think as you do?

Question 5

How did the founding of Islam compare and contrast with that of the other major monotheistic religions?

Question 6

How did Turks,Christians,and Mongols influence the course of Islamic civilization?

Question 7

In what ways was the Muslim caliphate in Spain more tolerant than those in the east? What kinds of restrictions were generally placed on non-Muslims in Andalusia? Since the attacks of September 2001,how have revisionist historians sought to use the example of the Moorish era in Spain to counter the perception that all Muslims are sympathetic to terrorist attacks against the West? How have other historians disputed this interpretation?

Question 8

Identify the following terms.
Muhammad

Question 9

Discuss Islam as a preserver and a conduit of the culture and intellectual heritage of Graeco-Roman civilization.

Question 10

Compare and contrast Abbasid civilization under Harun al-Rashid with Frankish civilization at the time of Charlemagne.What were the differences,and what were the similarities,if any?

Question 11

Identify the following terms.
Bedouin

Question 12

"Islam was a product of and reflective of a particular time and place." Discuss,pro and con.

Question 13

Identify the following terms.
sheikh

Question 14

Consider the relative contributions of Arab,Turk,and Persian cultures to Islamic literature,art,and architecture.

Question 15

Compare and contrast the origins and achievements of the Umayyad,Abbasid,and Fatimid regimes.

Question 16

How do you explain the remarkably rapid expansion of the Islamic caliphate in the seventh and eighth centuries? In what fundamental way was the Islamic empire transformed in the course of that expansion? How did the spread of Islam and the challenges faced by the need to choose successors to Muhammad affect the political structure of the Muslim world?

Question 17

Identify the following terms.
Mecca

Question 18

How did the social structure and religious ideas of the Islamic world compare and contrast with those of India after the Aryan invasion?

Question 19

Identify the following terms.
Allah

Question 20

Identify the following terms.
majlis

Question 21

Identify the following terms.
caliph/khalifa

Question 22

Identify the following terms.
ulama

Question 23

Identify the following terms.
Abu al-Abbas and the Abbasid Caliphate and Baghdad

Question 24

Identify the following terms.
Yathrib/Medina

Question 25

Identify the following terms.
Five Pillars of Islam

Question 26

Identify the following terms.
imam

Question 27

Identify the following terms.
Hadith

Question 28

Identify the following terms.
jihad

Question 29

Identify the following terms.
Ramadan

Question 30

Identify the following terms.
Harun al-Rashid

Question 31

Identify the following terms.
Shi'ites and Sunnis

Question 32

Identify the following terms.
Shari'a

Question 33

Identify the following terms.
Islam

Question 34

Identify the following terms.
Ali and Abu Bakr

Question 35

Identify the following terms.
Mu'awiya and Umayyad Caliphate and Damascus

Question 36

Identify the following terms.
Hegira

Question 37

Identify the following terms.
Gabriel

Question 38

Identify the following terms.
Muslim

Question 39

Identify the following terms.
Koran/Qur'an

Question 40

Identify the following terms.
umma

Question 41

Identify the following terms.
The Arabian Nights

Question 42

Identify the following terms.
Jerusalem's Dome of the Rock

Question 43

Identify the following terms.
sultan

Question 44

Identify the following terms.
diwan and vizier

Question 45

Identify the following terms.
Saladin

Question 46

Identify the following terms.
Ferdowzi's The Book of Kings

Question 47

Identify the following terms.
Seljuk Turks

Question 48

Identify the following terms.
Ibn Rushd/Averroës and Ibn Sina/Avicenna

Question 49

Identify the following terms.
Hasan al-Sabahh and "assassins"

Question 50

Identify the following terms.
Genghis Kahn,Khubilai Kahn,and Hulegu

Question 51

Identify the following terms.
Maimonides

Question 52

Identify the following terms.
Almoravids and the battle of Badajoz

Question 53

Identify the following terms.
Fatimids and Cairo

Question 54

Identify the following terms.
Sufism and Rumi

Question 55

Identify the following terms.
"fleets of the desert"

Question 56

Identify the following terms.
Mongols

Question 57

Identify the following terms.
Omar Khayyam's Rubaiyat

Question 58

Identify the following terms.
the Mosque of Córdoba and the Alhambra

Question 59

Identify the following terms.
Andalusia/al Andaluz

Question 60

Identify the following terms.
Sadi's Rose Garden

Question 61

Which of the following is not one of the Five Pillars of Islam?

A) prayer.
B) fasting during Ramadan.
C) pilgrimage to Medina.
D) belief in Allah and Muhammad as his Prophet.
E) giving alms to the poor.

Question 62

According to Islamic belief

A) Muhammad created the concept of Allah.
B) Allah sent not his first but his final revelations through Muhammad.
C) the teachings of Jesus and Moses are incorrect and immoral.
D) Allah ordained that Muhammad was a subordinate God.
E) there is no afterlife for the individual.

Question 63

The council of elders of the Arabian Bedouin tribes was called the

A) majlis.
B) jihad.
C) sheikh.
D) Ka'aba.
E) iman.

Question 64

In addition to being Islam's sacred book,the Qur'an

A) is composed, in part, of the Christian New Testament.
B) also provides the ethical foundation for life.
C) provides a systematized body of illegal tenets and theories of political procedures.
D) took oral shape before the writing of the Christian bible.
E) was written down by Muhammad's two sons.

Question 65

The Koran,or Qur'an,

A) is the book containing the holy scriptures of Zoroastrianism.
B) contained the guidelines by which a Hindu was to live.
C) was derived from the revelations of Muhammad.
D) means, literally, "acceptance."
E) was first written in 776 C.E.

Question 66

The ruling member of a Bedouin tribe was called the

A) majlis.
B) jihad.
C) sheikh.
D) Ka'aba.
E) imam.

Question 67

The Ka'aba

A) was a group of sacred stones revered by the Bedouin tribes, each of which possessed one.
B) was the shrine in Mecca containing a large black meteorite.
C) represented the monotheism of the Bedouins.
D) was Allah's representative Arab priesthood.
E) was the male initiation ceremony when one formally became an adult.

Question 68

Which of the following empires experienced defeats at the hands of the seventh-century Arab armies?

A) Carolingian.
B) Byzantine
C) Mauryan
D) Fatimid
E) Mongol

Question 69

In regard to acceptable behavior for a Muslim,it can be said that

A) all men were permitted to have no more than four wives.
B) extramarital sexual activities were permitted.
C) rules concerning sexual behavior were quite liberal.
D) the consumption of pork and alcohol were permitted in limited quantities.
E) Muslim priests must be celibate.

Question 70

Identify the following terms.
mihrab and the muezzin

Question 71

The theoretical purpose of the jihad was to

A) maintain peak military readiness.
B) wage holy war against all other Muslims on the Arabian peninsula.
C) broaden Muslim hegemony throughout Africa and Europe.
D) strive in the way of the Lord.
E) massacre all Jews and Christians.

Question 72

The son-in-law and cousin of Muhammad who was murdered after he became caliph was

A) Hashemuti.
B) Ali.
C) Khadija.
D) Sadaam.
E) Abu Bakr.

Question 73

Muhammad began the solitary meditations during which he received the revelations underlying Islam because of

A) a dispute with his wife.
B) his desire to expand his knowledge of the message of Allah.
C) the difficulties created in his mind by the corrupt and decadent society of his day.
D) the call of the angel Gabriel.
E) his desire to convert the people of Mecca to Islam.

Question 74

Identify the following terms.
Charles Martel

Question 75

Islam is

A) polytheistic.
B) monotheistic.
C) polyandrous.
D) divinistic.
E) secularist.

Question 76

The official calendar of Islam begins

A) in 222 C.E.
B) when Muhammad and his closest supporters left Yathrib and went to Mecca.
C) with the occurrence of the Hijrah.
D) with Muhammad's death in 632 C.E.
E) with the Arab conquest of Damascus.

Question 77

The term jihad

A) was the formal name of the Arab Grand Council.
B) was a form of political exploitation strongly denounced by Muhammad.
C) was the early term used to describe the Prime Force.
D) has been translated with multiple meanings.
E) was a large grey rock located in Yathrib.

Question 78

Caliph (or khalifa)literally means

A) prophet.
B) judge.
C) warrior.
D) successor.
E) religious lawyer.

Question 79

The city to which Muhammad went to in 622,a journey known as the Hijrah,was

A) Mecca.
B) Medina.
C) Jerusalem.
D) Riyad.
E) Damascus.

Question 80

The Hadith and Shari'a

A) were adopted, respectively, from Jewish and Christian writings.
B) were the "Pillars of Islam."
C) were, respectively, a collection of Muhammad's sayings and a law code.
D) were, respectively, a law code and a marriage manual for Muslims.
E) was a military manual to be used in war against the Western Crusaders.