Deck 16: The Muslim Empires

Question 1

Discuss the successes and failures of the Mughal dynasty in ruling India.Compare those successes and failures to Ottoman rule.Which dynasty was most successful,and why?

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Were the personal qualities of Mughal leaders,or were the particular circumstances of a period,more influential in determining the success or failure of particular reigns before 1707?

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

What were the significant cultural contributions of Ottoman art?

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Discuss,with examples,the role of gunpowder in both the successes and failures of the Ottoman,Safavid,and Mughal empires.

Question 5

What problems did the Safavid Empire face,and how did its rulers attempt to solve them? How did their approaches compare with those in the other Muslim empires?

Question 6

Identify the following terms.
Osman Turks

Question 7

What role did women play in the Ottoman,Safavid,and Mughal Empires? What might explain the similarities and differences? How did the treatment of women in these states compare with their treatment in other parts of the world?

Question 8

Identify the following terms.
Bosporus and Dardanelles

Question 9

Identify the following terms.
Golden Horn

Question 10

What were the major cultural contributions of Mughal India? Of Safavid Persia?

Question 11

What made Akbar "great"? Compare and contrast Akbar to England's Elizabeth and China's Kangxi.Which of the three was most successful in the short term? In the long term?

Question 12

Identify the following terms.
beg/beys

Question 13

Explain what elements aided,and limited,the spread of Ottoman power into adjacent territories in Europe,Asia,and Africa.Was the Ottoman system of rule a significant factor in determining the success of Ottoman imperialism? Why or why not?

Question 14

Identify the following terms.
sultan

Question 15

What was the ethnic composition of the Ottoman Empire,and how did the government of the sultan administer such a diverse population? How did Ottoman policy in this regard compare with the policies applied in Europe and Asia?

Question 16

Discuss the European impact on the Indian subcontinent during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.How did this impact alter conditions in ways that significantly changed the power balance there?

Question 17

What factors explain how and why the Osmanli Turks were able to replace the Seljuk Turks and conquer the Byzantine Empire between the mid-thirteenth and fifteenth centuries?

Question 18

Identify the following terms.
yeni cheri/Janissaries

Question 19

What factors can explain the success of the Mughals in unifying much of the Indian subcontinent,something that had not been done since the Mauryas and the Guptas? What role did Islam play in the Mughal Empire,and how did the Mughals' approach to religion compare with that of the Ottomans and the Safavids? What might explain the similarities and differences? How did the social policies adopted by the Ottomans compare with those of the Mughals? What similarities and differences do you detect,and what might account for them?

Question 20

What is meant by the phrase "gunpowder empires," and to what degree did the Muslim states discussed here conform to this description? Compare and contrast the reasons underlying the nature,extent,and timing of the declines of the Mughal,Safavid,and Ottoman Empires by the end of the eighteenth century.Why did they decline while European powers extended their "gunpowder" diplomacy and trade?

Question 21

Identify the following terms.
Topkapi and harem

Question 22

Identify the following terms.
devshirme

Question 23

Identify the following terms.
pashas

Question 24

Identify the following terms.
caliph

Question 25

Identify the following terms.
vizier

Question 26

Identify the following terms.
Safavid

Question 27

Identify the following terms.
Sublime Porte

Question 28

Identify the following terms.
sipahis

Question 29

Identify the following terms.
Sinan

Question 30

Identify the following terms.
"red heads"

Question 31

Identify the following terms.
Shah Abbas I the Great

Question 32

Identify the following terms.
Mehmet II,1453,and Constantinople

Question 33

Identify the following terms.
millet

Question 34

Identify the following terms.
Suleyman I the Magnificent

Question 35

Identify the following terms.
Battles of Mohács and Vienna

Question 36

Identify the following terms.
Serbs

Question 37

Identify the following terms.
Shari'a

Question 38

Identify the following terms.
Safi al-Din and Shah Ismail

Question 39

Identify the following terms.
Treaty of Karlowitz

Question 40

Identify the following terms.
Murad and the Battle of Kosovo

Question 41

Identify the following terms.
Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal

Question 42

Identify the following terms.
Joseph Francis Dupleix and Sir Robert Clive

Question 43

Identify the following terms.
sati

Question 44

Identify the following terms.
zamindars

Question 45

Identify the following terms.
the Dharmashastra

Question 46

Identify the following terms.
Akbar

Question 47

Identify the following terms.
Humayun

Question 48

Identify the following terms.
Fort William and Madras

Question 49

Identify the following terms.
Jahangir

Question 50

Identify the following terms.
Nur Jahan

Question 51

Identify the following terms.
the Tai Mahal

Question 52

Identify the following terms.
Royal Academy of Isfahan

Question 53

Identify the following terms.
jizya

Question 54

Identify the following terms.
Black Hole of Calcutta

Question 55

Identify the following terms.
Aurangzeb

Question 56

Identify the following terms.
Riza-i-Abbasi

Question 57

Identify the following terms.
Din-i-Ilahi

Question 58

Identify the following terms.
Haidar Ali

Question 59

Identify the following terms.
Babur

Question 60

Identify the following terms.
the Red Fort

Question 61

Ottoman religious policy

A) applied Islamic law to everyone in the empire.
B) required all Shi'ite Muslims to convert to Sunni Islam.
C) was more tolerant of Hindu beliefs than the Mughal Dynasty.
D) had converted all of its European subjects except Serbs and Greeks to Islam by 1700.
E) placed the members of each religious group under a patriarch, priest, or grand rabbi, who served in an intermediary capacity in governmental matters affecting his group.

Question 62

All of the following are correct about the Janissaries except

A) they were recruited from the Christian population of the Balkans.
B) they fought as on horseback as cavalry warriors.
C) they were converted to Islam.
D) they were infantry troops.
E) they used muskets.

Question 63

In the Ottoman system,the administrative unit of each religious minority was called a

A) millet.
B) vezier.
C) janissary.
D) sipahis
E) devshirme.

Question 64

The power structure of the Ottoman Empire

A) was highly structured, with the ruler's oldest son always succeeding to power.
B) was not hereditary, and the sultan was succeeded by his highest-ranking military subordinate.
C) was physically centered in the Topkapi.
D) divided power between the vezir, "the sultanate of women," and devshirme scholars.
E) lacked an imperial bureaucracy, a serious weakness in an empire of that size.

Question 65

It is accurate to state that the

A) Osmanli Turks first consolidated their control of the southeastern part of the Balkans, given to them by the Seljuks.
B) Ottoman Turks gained control of much of the Balkans before they took Constantinople.
C) Yeni Cheri were a renowned group of Sufi mystics.
D) Seljuk Turks conquered the Ottoman Turks.
E) Fourth Crusade captured Constantinople from the Ottoman Turks.

Question 66

Before the Turkish capture of Constantinople,

A) Murad I defeated the Serbs at the Battle of Kosovo.
B) the Balkan population refused to assist Ottoman efforts in any way.
C) Morocco was the only Mediterranean area controlled by the Spanish conquistadors.
D) the last Byzantine emperor became a Lutheran in a bid for European support.
E) Pope Innocent XII personally led a crusade to save the city for Chritendom.

Question 67

Which of the following statements is not true about Ottoman power in Europe?

A) It came to be accepted by the leadership of the non-Turkish European states.
B) It was aggressively extended into central Europe.
C) It destroyed a European coalition of Austrian, Polish, Bavarian, and Saxon forces at Vienna in 1683 and held the city for ten years.
D) It was ultimately forced out of Hungary by an alliance of allied European armies.
E) It threatened to take naval control of the Mediterranean until the Battle of Lepanto.

Question 68

Identify the following terms.
"Akbar style"

Question 69

Constantinople was captured by the

A) Seljuk Turks, led by Suleyman the Magnificent.
B) Ottoman Turks, led by Tamerlane.
C) Safavids, under Shah Ismail.
D) Ottoman Turks, headed by Mehmet II.
E) Mongols, led by Akbar.

Question 70

At the 1389 Battle of Kosovo,

A) the Serbs defeated the Ottoman armies at Osman.
B) Orkhan was able to defeat the Serbs and gain control of the Balkans.
C) Murad's Janissaries defeated the Serbs, ending Serbian domination of the Balkans.
D) the Serbian defeat created Ottoman hegemony over Abu Dhabi.
E) the Serbs defeated the Bosnians at the Battle of Constance.

Question 71

Which of the following statements is not an accurate characterization of the nature of Ottoman governmental processes?

A) Originally, Ottoman rule was dominated by tribal law and augmented by Muslim law.
B) The Ottoman Empire was influenced by Byzantine and Persian rule.
C) The sultan ruled from the Topkapi with the assistance of the Grand Vezirs, who were primarily the products of the devshirme process.
D) The government was located in Istanbul, the former Constantinople.
E) The government refused to allow any religion to be practiced in the empire except for Islam.

Question 72

Identify the following terms.
purdah

Question 73

All of the following statements about Ottoman expansion are true except

A) their geographical location gave them a definite advantage for expansion.
B) after taking advantage of Byzantine weakness, they established a base at Gallipoli, and then allied with the Serbs and Bulgars to continue fighting the Byzantine Empire.
C) after the Kurdish seizure of Constantinople in 1521, Ottoman support of the new Kurdish ruler gave them greater control over Asia Minor.
D) as they established European settlements, Turkish beys replaced local landlords, and became the only recipients of taxes collected from the Slavic peasant population.
E) they besieged Vienna, unsuccessfully, in 1529 and 1683.

Question 74

Which of the following is not true about the reign of Suleyman I the Magnificent?

A) The Ottomans first captured the Slavic regions of Poland.
B) The Ottomans invaded Hungary.
C) The Ottomans' advance into Austria was finally stopped at Vienna.
D) The Ottomans were increasing their control over the western Mediterranean area.
E) The Ottomans were treated as a major power by the principal European states.

Question 75

All of the following were true about the expansion of the Ottoman Empire except

A) under Selim I, the Ottomans controlled the Middle East and North Africa.
B) by the early sixteenth century, Ottoman power allowed Murad to conquer African Ethiopia.
C) the Ottomans gained control over Mecca and Medina.
D) by the early eighteenth century, Ottoman control in North Africa had become weaker.
E) the Ottomans were twice repulsed on the outskirts of Vienna.

Question 76

Ottoman expansion

A) was achieved without any change in military organization or technology between 1400-1700.
B) relied heavily on the development of the Janissaries and new artillery weapons and tactics in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
C) absorbed Persia and Samarkand during the 1570s.
D) seized Ukraine during the late 1600s, but it was lost again in the early 1700s.
E) saw the use of slaves as conscript soldiers.

Question 77

In the Ottoman system,the term millet referred to the religious organizations that were called

A) "groups."
B) "states."
C) "clans."
D) "rabbis."
E) "nations."

Question 78

The Ottoman Turks renamed Constantinople

A) Kuycik.
B) Istanbul.
C) Anatolia.
D) Adrianople.
E) Ankara.

Question 79

Identify the following terms.
"gunpowder empires"

Question 80

Identify the following terms.
Tulsidas' Ramcaritimanas