Deck 44: Acute Disorders of Brain Function

Question 1

In the acute phase of stroke,treatment is focused on

A) stabilization of respiratory and cardiovascular function.
B) risk factor modification.
C) prevention of bedsores and contractures.
D) neurologic rehabilitation.

Answer 1

stabilization of respiratory and cardiovascular function.

Question 2

Intracranial pressure normally ranges from ______ mm Hg.

A) 0 to 15
B) 10 to 20
C) 15 to 25
D) 20 to 30

Answer 2

0 to 15

Question 3

The physiologic change most likely to lead to an increase in intracranial pressure is

A) cerebral vasodilation.
B) hypernatremia.
C) respiratory hyperventilation.
D) REM sleep.

Answer 3

cerebral vasodilation.

Question 4

Cerebral aneurysm is most frequently the result of

A) embolic stroke.
B) subarachnoid hemorrhage.
C) subdural hemorrhage.
D) meningitis.

Question 5

The stroke etiology with the highest morbidity and mortality is

A) intracranial hemorrhage.
B) intracranial thrombosis.
C) intracranial embolization.
D) cardiac arrest.

Question 6

The most important preventive measure for hemorrhagic stroke is

A) anticoagulation.
B) blood pressure control.
C) thrombolytics.
D) management of dysrhythmias.

Question 7

Which group of clinical findings indicates the poorest neurologic functioning?

A) Spontaneous eye opening, movement to command, oriented to self only
B) Eyes open to light touch on shoulder, pupils briskly reactive to light bilaterally
C) Assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response
D) No eye opening, responds to painful stimulus by withdrawing

Question 8

It is true that epidural bleeding is

A) associated with widespread vascular disruption.
B) located between the arachnoid and the dura mater.
C) usually because of venous leakage.
D) characterized by a lucid interval immediately after injury.

Question 9

An example of inappropriate treatment for head trauma would be

A) head elevation.
B) free water restriction.
C) hypoventilation.
D) bed rest.

Question 10

It is true that encephalitis is usually

A) because of a bacterial infection in the CNS.
B) fatal.
C) because of a viral infection in brain cells.
D) asymptomatic.

Question 11

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is usually managed with volume expansion and blood pressure support to enhance cerebral perfusion.This is necessary because subarachnoid hemorrhage predisposes to

A) cerebral vasospasm.
B) hypotension.
C) excessive volume loss.
D) increased intracranial pressure.

Question 12

Leakage of CSF from the nose or ears is commonly associated with

A) epidural hematoma.
B) temporal skull fracture.
C) basilar skull fracture.
D) cerebral aneurysm.

Question 13

Manifestations of acute brain ischemia (Cushing reflex)are due primarily to

A) parasympathetic nervous system activation.
B) sympathetic nervous system activation.
C) autoregulation of body systems.
D) loss of brainstem reflexes.

Question 14

Acceleration-deceleration movements of the head often result in polar injuries in which

A) injury is localized to the site of initial impact.
B) widespread neuronal damage is incurred.
C) bleeding from venules fills the subdural space.
D) focal injuries occur in two places at opposite poles.

Question 15

The most important determinant for prescribing therapy for acute stroke is

A) location of ischemia.
B) thrombotic versus embolic cause.
C) ischemic versus hemorrhagic cause.
D) age of the patient.

Question 16

A college student living in a dormitory reports a stiff neck and headache and is found to have a fever of 102°F.This information is most consistent with

A) encephalitis.
B) meningitis.
C) skull fracture.
D) cerebral ischemia.

Question 17

Rupture of a cerebral aneurysm should be suspected if the patient reports

A) ringing in the ears.
B) transient episodes of numbness.
C) transient episodes of vertigo.
D) sudden, severe headache.

Question 18

Secondary injury after head trauma refers to

A) brain injury resulting from the initial trauma.
B) focal areas of bleeding.
C) brain injury resulting from the body's response to tissue damage.
D) injury as a result of medical therapy.

Question 19

Clinical manifestations of a stroke within the right cerebral hemisphere include

A) cortical blindness.
B) right visual field blindness.
C) expressive and receptive aphasia.
D) left-sided muscle weakness and neglect.

Question 20

Risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke include

A) atherosclerosis.
B) dysrhythmias.
C) acute hypertension.
D) sedentary lifestyle.

Question 21

A tool used to assess levels of consciousness is

A) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
B) intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring.
C) Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).
D) central perfusion pressure (CPP).

Question 22

Which brain disorders are a cause of acute brain injury? (Select all that apply.)

A) Seizure disorders
B) Brain trauma
C) Dementias
D) Brain hemorrhage
E) Central nervous system infections

Question 23

The first indication of brain compression from increasing intracranial pressure (ICP)may be

A) decorticate posturing.
B) absence of verbalization.
C) sluggish pupil response to light.
D) Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13.

Question 24

A severe complication of elevated intracranial pressure is

A) Cushing reflex.
B) brain herniation.
C) burr hole.
D) hydrocephalus.

Question 25

A level of ____ on the Glasgow Coma Scale indicates likely fatal damage.

A) 3
B) 8
C) 12
D) 15

Question 26

________ occurs when a brainstem impaired patient exhibits a persistent rhythmic or jerky movement in one or both eyes.

A) Nystagmus
B) Dysconjugate movement
C) Ocular palsy
D) Doll's eye

Question 27

________ edema occurs when ischemic tissue swells because of cellular energy failure.

A) Interstitial
B) Osmotic
C) Vasogenic
D) Cytotoxic