Deck 48: Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses

Question 1

Researchers suggest a mediating role between the later development of schizophrenia and

A) prenatal radiation exposure.
B) prenatal influenza exposure.
C) childhood vaccinations.
D) childhood chickenpox.

Answer 1

prenatal influenza exposure.

Question 2

The usual age of onset for schizophrenia in men is

A) before puberty.
B) 15 to 25 years.
C) 40 to 65 years.
D) after 65 years.

Answer 2

15 to 25 years.

Question 3

In youth,it is estimated that ____ will be diagnosed with serious mental illness between the ages of 13 and 18 years.

A) 5%
B) 26.2%
C) 46.3%
D) 75%

Answer 3

46.3%

Question 4

Lithium is used to manage mania because it

A) inhibits norepinephrine and serotonin activity in the brain.
B) is a CNS sedative.
C) is converted to catecholamines within the brain.
D) blocks D₂ receptors in the brain.

Question 5

The assessment of a client recently diagnosed with schizophrenia confirms good cognitive function and reveals affect that is animated.The client is open about describing the voices and the content of their comments,but demonstrates a disorganized thought process.These findings suggest that

A) "negative" psychotic symptoms predominate.
B) there is a high risk for suicidal behaviors.
C) drug therapy is likely to be ineffective.
D) "positive" psychotic symptoms predominate.

Question 6

It is true that the "negative" symptoms of schizophrenia

A) are more easily managed than the positive symptoms.
B) are thought to be mediated by D₁ receptors in the brain.
C) include rambling speech and delusional thoughts.
D) are as a result of a deficiency of brain dopamine.

Question 7

Which manifestation is characteristic of the "positive" symptoms of schizophrenia?

A) Social withdrawal
B) Flat affect
C) Lack of speech
D) Hallucinations

Question 8

Drugs that inhibit reuptake of norepinephrine or serotonin may be helpful in the management of

A) schizophrenia.
B) panic attacks.
C) depression.
D) delusional disorder.

Question 9

A mild form of hyperactivity in which social functioning is not significantly impaired is called

A) anhedonia.
B) dysphoria.
C) dysthymia.
D) hypomania.

Question 10

The action of most antidepressants currently available is to

A) improve brain norepinephrine and serotonin activity.
B) inhibit norepinephrine and serotonin activity.
C) convert into catecholamines in the brain.
D) block D₂ receptors in the brain.

Question 11

Schizophrenia is characterized by

A) generalized anxiety.
B) depression.
C) disorganized thinking.
D) eating disorders.

Question 12

The symptoms of hallucinations and paranoia that accompany schizophrenia are thought to be as result of altered neurotransmitter activity in the brain,which results in excessive ________ receptor activation.

A) D₂
B) serotonin
C) a-adrenergic
D) acetylcholine

Question 13

Depression is thought to be associated with

A) abnormal personality development.
B) early childhood emotional trauma.
C) deficient brain norepinephrine and serotonin.
D) excessive stimulation of D₁ and D₂ receptors in the brain.

Question 14

________ is a term used to describe a serious and debilitating mental state.

A) Psychosis
B) Schizophrenia
C) Major depressive disorder
D) Dysthymia

Question 15

A client who reported hearing voices,some of them saying bad and hurtful things,will now eat only food from unopened sealed packages.The behaviors described indicate that the patient may be experiencing _____ symptoms.

A) bipolar
B) obsessive-compulsive
C) personality
D) psychotic

Question 16

Mania and depression are both characterized by

A) high energy and hyperactivity.
B) poor appetite.
C) hopelessness.
D) altered decision making ability.

Question 17

Which statement is true about the incidence of mental illness?

A) There are minimal differences in how cultures view mental health.
B) Women have twice the risk of experiencing anxiety disorders than men.
C) Men are more likely to suffer from depression and anxiety than women are.
D) Mood disorders are not likely to occur after the age of 65.

Question 18

Drug therapy with a dopamine receptor antagonist is initiated to manage a patient's symptoms of schizophrenia.The goal of treatment is to

A) increase dopamine activity.
B) reduce serotonin activity.
C) stabilize dopamine activity.
D) effect serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmitters.

Question 19

The schizophrenia category which indicates that the disturbance has continued but the active-phase symptoms are no longer met is the _____ Type.

A) Residual
B) Undifferentiated
C) Paranoid
D) Disorganized

Question 20

Childlike silliness in a patient with schizophrenia is known as

A) delusions.
B) disorganized thinking.
C) grossly disorganized behavior.
D) asociality.

Question 21

Which symptoms would support a diagnosis of major depressive disorder? (Select all that apply.)

A) Diminished interest or pleasure
B) Incomprehensible speech
C) Altered reality
D) Psychomotor agitation or retardation
E) Appetite disturbance

Question 22

An elderly patient is taking antipsychotic drugs and begins to develop involuntary chewing motions.The patient is likely exhibiting signs of

A) dementia.
B) Parkinson disease.
C) tardive dyskinesia.
D) dysthymia.

Question 23

When a client is diagnosed with schizophrenia and asks what could have caused the disorder,the statements that could serve as a basis for answering include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Schizophrenia may be related to abnormal cerebral structure.
B) Schizophrenia is inherited as an autosomal recessive gene defect.
C) Schizophrenia often develops in the absence of family psychopathology.
D) Chronic prolonged stress may contribute to development of schizophrenia.
E) Symptoms of schizophrenia may be associated with smoking.