Deck 50: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

The parathyroid gland functions to facilitate (Select all that apply.)

A) calcium absorption from the gut.
B) bone resorption.
C) calcium reabsorption in the kidneys.
D) vitamin C action.
E) osteoblast production.

Answer 1

calcium absorption from the gut.
bone resorption.
calcium reabsorption in the kidneys.

Question 2

Articular cartilage is avascular and

A) completely incapable of regeneration.
B) nonliving.
C) nourished by synovial fluid.
D) rarely damaged.

Answer 2

nourished by synovial fluid.

Question 3

The electrolyte that must be present in cellular cytoplasm for muscle contraction to occur is

A) potassium.
B) sodium.
C) magnesium.
D) calcium.

Answer 3

calcium.

Question 4

Moderate stretching of a muscle at rest results in a(n)

A) more forceful contraction when stimulated.
B) inefficient use of ATP.
C) more rapid onset of muscle fatigue.
D) reduced force of contraction.

Question 5

When oxygen for muscle activity from the respiratory vascular systems is insufficient for muscle activity,the body breaks down glucose,which results in

A) hypoglycemia.
B) lactic acid buildup in muscle.
C) a large energy source.
D) exhaustion.

Question 6

The structures that connect muscle to bone are referred to as

A) ligaments.
B) tendons.
C) trabeculae.
D) synovial sheaths.

Question 7

Menisci facilitate the rotation of the

A) neck.
B) elbow.
C) knee.
D) spine.

Question 8

The largest component of bone is

A) calcium.
B) water.
C) vitamin D.
D) osteoblasts.

Question 9

Diarthroses are joints that

A) hold the skull bones together.
B) allow little or no joint movement.
C) contain synovial fluid.
D) connect bony segments by a fibrocartilaginous plate.

Question 10

A concentric contraction results in

A) muscle shortening.
B) no change in muscle length.
C) muscle lengthening.
D) muscle damage.

Question 11

It is true that synovial fluid

A) is found in spinal disks.
B) provides protection.
C) is reduced in volume with injury.
D) becomes thinner with aging.

Question 12

Osteoblastic activity is greatest

A) in areas of increased mechanical stress.
B) during menopause.
C) with vitamin D deficiency.
D) with disuse because of immobility.

Question 13

Radicular pain is pain caused by a

A) tissue injury.
B) compressed nerve.
C) fracture of long bones.
D) meniscal tear.

Question 14

The neurotransmitter released from the a-motor neuron at the motor end-plate is

A) norepinephrine.
B) epinephrine.
C) serotonin.
D) acetylcholine.

Question 15

The correct sequence of bone healing following fracture is

A) hematoma formation, callous formation, fibrocartilage formation, ossification, remodeling.
B) hematoma formation, callous formation, fibrocartilage formation, remodeling, ossification.
C) callous formation, hematoma formation, fibrocartilage formation, ossification, remodeling.
D) hematoma formation, fibrocartilage formation, callous formation, ossification, remodeling.

Question 16

Osteoclast activity leads to

A) hardening of the bones.
B) resorption of bone.
C) deposition of bone.
D) arthritis.

Question 17

Skeletal changes with increased age include (Select all that apply.)

A) hypertrophy of cartilage.
B) decreased bone mass.
C) imbalance in bone resorption and formation.
D) loss of bone marrow.
E) dehydration of intervertebral disks.

Question 18

The primary determinant of tendon strength is

A) collagen cross-linking.
B) actin-myosin cross-bridging.
C) elastin composition.
D) calcium balance.

Question 19

Troponin is a muscle protein that

A) binds the myosin protein to form cross-bridges.
B) forms the noncontractile Z lines.
C) binds calcium and regulates tropomyosin.
D) hydrolyzes ATP to provide energy for contraction.

Question 20

The epiphyseal plate

A) provides support to long bones.
B) prevents overactivity of osteoblasts.
C) allows for continued bone lengthening during maturation.
D) has an unknown function.

Question 21

It is true that articular cartilage (Select all that apply.)

A) is comprised of mostly protein.
B) dries out with aging.
C) spreads weight load.
D) needs synovial fluid lubrication.
E) has limited regeneration ability.