Deck 4: Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Question 1

The cellular change that is considered preneoplastic is

A) anaplasia.
B) dysplasia.
C) metaplasia.
D) hyperplasia.

Answer 1

dysplasia.

Question 2

Viruses differ from most bacteria in that they (Select all that apply.)

A) enter the host cell.
B) directly produce free radicals.
C) use the host's metabolic processes to survive and replicate.
D) do not induce an immune response.
E) do not produce toxins.

Answer 2

enter the host cell.
use the host's metabolic processes to survive and replicate.
do not produce toxins.

Question 3

An increase in organ size and function caused by increased workload is termed

A) atrophy.
B) hypertrophy.
C) metaplasia
D) inflammation.

Answer 3

hypertrophy.

Question 4

Infectious injury often results from (Select all that apply.)

A) exotoxins.
B) endotoxins.
C) self-destruction of cells.
D) anti-inflammatory reactions.
E) enzymes from white blood cells.

Question 5

Bacteria cause injury to cells by (Select all that apply.)

A) producing exotoxins.
B) producing endotoxins.
C) producing destructive enzymes.
D) reproducing inside of host cells altering cellular function.
E) evoking an immune reaction.

Question 6

All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except

A) necrosis.
B) metaplasia.
C) atrophy.
D) hyperplasia.

Question 7

Of the statements below,the accurate statement regarding nutrition and cellular health is

A) the body can generally produce elements essential for nutritional balance.
B) obese individuals are generally nutritionally healthy.
C) deficient cellular uptake by one cell type may contribute to excess nutrient delivery to other cell types.
D) a normal BMI indicates nutritional health.

Question 8

The cellular response indicative of injury because of faulty metabolism is

A) hydropic swelling.
B) lactate production.
C) metaplasia.
D) intracellular accumulations.

Question 9

Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _____ necrosis.

A) coagulative
B) caseous
C) liquefactive
D) fat

Question 10

Coagulative necrosis is caused by

A) dissolving of dead cells and cyst formation.
B) trauma or pancreatitis.
C) lung tissue damage.
D) interrupted blood supply.

Question 11

Somatic death refers to death

A) of a body organ.
B) of the entire organism.
C) of nerve cells.
D) secondary to brain damage.

Question 12

The cellular component that is most susceptible to radiation injury is the

A) membrane.
B) DNA.
C) RNA.
D) ribosomes.

Question 13

Carbon monoxide injures cells by

A) destruction of cellular membranes.
B) reducing oxygen level on hemoglobin.
C) promotion of free radicals.
D) crystallization of cellular organelles.

Question 14

Metaplasia is

A) the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another.
B) the transformation of a cell type to malignancy.
C) an irreversible cellular adaptation.
D) the disorganization of cells into various sizes, shapes, and arrangements.

Question 15

The primary effect of aging on all body systems is

A) decreased functional reserve.
B) diseased function.
C) programmed senescence.
D) senility.

Question 16

Extreme cold injures cells by all the following except

A) ischemic injury from vasoconstriction.
B) peripheral nerve damage from rebound vasodilation.
C) decreased blood viscosity.
D) crystallization of cellular components.

Question 17

Apoptosis is a process that results in cellular

A) atrophy.
B) death.
C) proliferation.
D) mutation.

Question 18

Reperfusion injury to cells

A) results in very little cellular damage.
B) results from calcium deficiency in cells.
C) occurs following nutritional injury.
D) involves formation of free radicals.