Question 1

Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are known as&#10;A) lymphoma.&#10;B) sarcomas.&#10;C) carcinomas.&#10;D) adenomas.

Accepted Answer

Carcinoma refers to malignant tumors of epithelial origin.Lymphoma refers to cancer of the lymphatic tissue.Sarcoma refers to malignant tumors of mesenchymal (nerve,bone,muscle)origin.Adenoma is a benign tumor of glandular tissue.

Question 2

Your patient eats &#34;lots of fat,&#34; leads a &#34;stressful&#34; life,and has smoked &#34;about two packs a day for the last 40 years.&#34; Her chronic morning cough recently worsened,and she was diagnosed with a lung mass.The most likely contributing factor for development of lung cancer in this patient is&#10;A) high-fat diet.&#10;B) urban pollutants.&#10;C) stressful lifestyle.&#10;D) cigarette smoking.

Accepted Answer

The most likely contributing factor for the development of lung cancer is cigarette smoking.Tobacco smoke contains hundreds of compounds,many of which have known genotoxicity and probably serve as initiators.Tobacco smoke also contains promoters,which spur the mutant cells to proliferate.Although a high-fat diet,urban pollutants,and a stressful lifestyle have been implicated in some types of cancer,they are not the likely contributing factor in your patient's lung cancer.

Question 3

After bronchoscopy and histologic examination of a suspected tumor,your patient is diagnosed with primary bronchial carcinoma.Thus,the tumor&#10;A) is benign.&#10;B) is malignant.&#10;C) is secondary to cancer elsewhere in the body.&#10;D) has spread.

Accepted Answer

Bronchial carcinoma is a malignant cancer of the epithelial lining of the bronchi.Carcinoma refers to a malignant tumor.Primary indicates that the cancer began in the lungs and did not metastasize from another site.A staging procedure must be done before knowing if the lung cancer has spread.

Question 4

Breast cancer in women who have the breast cancer gene&#10;A) occurs at an earlier age.&#10;B) is more likely to be unilateral.&#10;C) is more common than non-inherited breast cancer.&#10;D) is more responsive to treatment.

Accepted Answer

The age of onset of inherited breast cancer is earlier than the onset of non-inherited forms and the prevalence of bilateral breast cancer is higher.Breast cancer in women who have the breast cancer gene is less common (only 5% to 10% of all cases)than non-inherited breast cancer and is more likely to be bilateral.Response to treatment is not affected by whether the cancer gene is present.

Question 5

Familial retinoblastoma involves the transmission of what from parent to offspring?&#10;A) Mutant tumor-suppressor gene&#10;B) Cancer-causing virus&#10;C) Oncogene&#10;D) Extra chromosome

Accepted Answer

Familial retinoblastoma involves transmission of a mutant tumor-suppressor gene from parent to child.Familial retinoblastoma is not caused by a virus and does not involve an extra chromosome,but rather a single gene.Familial retinoblastoma is caused by a mutant tumor-suppressor gene,not an oncogene,which is a mutated proto-oncogene.

Question 6

The hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer is thought to be because of&#10;A) tumor necrosis factor.&#10;B) angiogenesis.&#10;C) loss of ATP production.&#10;D) pain medications.

Accepted Answer

Production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)and other immune cytokines is thought to be important in producing the hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in cancer.Angiogenesis is the development of new blood vessels to feed the tumor; it is not a cause of the hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer.Loss of ATP production and pain medications is not causes of the hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer.

Question 7

In general,a cancer cell that is more tissue-specific differentiated is more likely to be aggressive.

Accepted Answer

The degree of tissue-specific differentiation predicts malignant potential.A lack of differentiated features in a cancer cell is called anaplasia,and a greater degree of anaplasia is correlated with a more aggressively malignant tumor.

Question 8

Paraneoplastic syndromes in cancer involve excessive production of substances by multiple means.A common substance found in excessive amounts resulting from cancer paraneoplastic syndromes is&#10;A) insulin.&#10;B) tumor necrosis factor.&#10;C) potassium.&#10;D) calcium.

Accepted Answer

Common paraneoplastic syndromes include hypercalcemia associated with abnormal production of parathyroid hormone-related protein by tumor cells.Insulin is a general growth factor for a number of tissues and may be implicated in development of some cancers,but it is not a cause of paraneoplastic syndromes.Tumor necrosis factor is associated with cachexia in cancer,but it is not associated with paraneoplastic disorders of cancer.Potassium is not found in excess amounts in cancer.

Question 9

Characteristics of telomerase include (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) repairs the end caps of chromosomes.&#10;B) contributes to cancer cell immortality.&#10;C) is deficient in cancer cells.&#10;D) activity allows a cell to replicate indefinitely.

Accepted Answer

Telomerase functions to repair the end caps of chromosomes.It contributes to cancer cell immortality by allowing a cell to replicate indefinitely.Telomerase is present in cancer cells at higher than normal levels.

Question 10

Retroviruses are associated with human cancers,including&#10;A) Burkitt lymphoma.&#10;B) Hodgkin's lymphoma.&#10;C) pancreatic cancer.&#10;D) hepatic cancer.

Accepted Answer

At least three retroviruses are thought to be causative factors in some human cancers: HIV Kaposi sarcoma,Epstein-Barr in Burkitt lymphoma,and human T-lymphocyte type I in T-cell leukemia-lymphoma.The other answer options are not associated with a retrovirus.

Question 11

Side effects of chemotherapy include (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) anemia.&#10;B) nausea.&#10;C) leukocytosis.&#10;D) bleeding.&#10;E) infections.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Side effects of chemotherapy include (Select all...

Question 12

The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is&#10;A) Rb.&#10;B) P53.&#10;C) DCC.&#10;D) APC.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified...

Question 13

Your patient is scheduled for a staging procedure.She wants to know what that means.The correct response is which of the following?&#10;A) It is a procedure for determining the extent of tumor spread.&#10;B) It is a histologic examination of tissues to determine the degree of tumor differentiation.&#10;C) It is based on exploratory surgery.&#10;D) It is biochemical testing of tumor cells to determine the genetic basis of the tumor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your patient is scheduled for a staging...

Question 14

A patient with metastatic lung cancer wants to know her chances for survival.Which response is correct?&#10;A) &#34;Lung cancer is always fatal.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Lung cancer has about a 15% survival rate.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Lung cancer is highly curable when diagnosed early.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Lung cancer death rate has decreased significantly, as with all other cancers.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient with metastatic lung cancer wants...

Question 15

Cancer grading is based on&#10;A) tumor size.&#10;B) local invasion.&#10;C) cell differentiation.&#10;D) metastasis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cancer grading is based on&#10;A) tumor size.&#10;B)...

Question 16

Deficits in immune system function occur in cancer as a result of (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) chemotherapy.&#10;B) cancer cells.&#10;C) cancer metastasis to bone marrow.&#10;D) immunotherapy.&#10;E) malnutrition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Deficits in immune system function occur in...

Question 17

Proto-oncogenes&#10;A) are the same as oncogenes.&#10;B) are normal cellular genes that promote growth.&#10;C) lead to abnormal tumor-suppressor genes.&#10;D) result from severe mutational events.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Proto-oncogenes&#10;A) are the same as oncogenes.&#10;B) are...

Question 18

Tumor markers (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) are found only in the blood.&#10;B) are produced by normal cells.&#10;C) help determine cancer origin.&#10;D) help identify progression of cancer.&#10;E) include prostatic-specific antigen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tumor markers (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) are...

Question 19

After surgery to remove a lung tumor,your patient is scheduled for chemotherapy,which will&#10;A) selectively kill tumor cells.&#10;B) stimulate immune cells to fight the cancer.&#10;C) have minimal side effects.&#10;D) kill rapidly dividing cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After surgery to remove a lung tumor,your...

Deck 7: Neoplasia