Deck 13: Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Question 1

The cause of the most common form of anemia is

A) acute bleeding.
B) iron deficiency.
C) protein malnutrition.
D) chronic disease.

Answer 1

iron deficiency.

Question 2

Red blood cells differ from other cell types in the body,because they

A) contain cytoplasmic proteins.
B) have no cytoplasmic organelles.
C) have a longer life span.
D) contain glycolytic enzymes.

Answer 2

have no cytoplasmic organelles.

Question 3

Thalassemia may be confused with iron-deficiency anemia,because they are both

A) hyperchromic.
B) microcytic.
C) genetic.
D) responsive to iron therapy.

Answer 3

microcytic.

Question 4

The primary source of erythropoietin is provided by the

A) bone marrow.
B) kidney.
C) lung.
D) liver.

Question 5

Red blood cells obtain nearly all their energy from metabolism of

A) glucose.
B) fats.
C) proteins.
D) acetyl coenzyme A.

Question 6

The strength of the bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is known as the

A) Bohr effect.
B) oxygen-hemoglobin affinity.
C) dissociation curve.
D) hemoglobin synthesis.

Question 7

Most carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream as

A) carboxyhemoglobin.
B) bicarbonate ion.
C) dissolved carbon dioxide.
D) carbonic acid.

Question 8

An increase in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen occurs with

A) hyperthermia.
B) shift to the right.
C) elevated PCO₂.
D) shift to the left.

Question 9

The arterial oxygen content (CaO₂)for a patient with PaO₂ 100 mm Hg,SaO₂ 95%,and hemoglobin 15 g/dL is _____ mL oxygen/dL.

A) 19.4
B) 1909.8
C) 210
D) 21.05

Question 10

Which characteristic is indicative of hemolytic anemia?

A) Increased total iron-binding capacity
B) Increased heart rate
C) Hypovolemia
D) Jaundice

Question 11

A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)and mean corpuscular volume (MCV)are characteristic of which type of anemia?

A) Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency
B) Folate deficiency
C) Iron deficiency
D) Erythropoietin deficiency

Question 12

What is necessary for red blood cell production?

A) Phosphate
B) Iron
C) Magnesium
D) Calcium

Question 13

Which condition is associated with an elevated reticulocyte count?

A) Renal disease
B) Aplastic anemia
C) Hypertension
D) Hemolytic anemia

Question 14

Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of

A) iron.
B) intrinsic factor.
C) folate.
D) erythropoietin.

Question 15

The most effective therapy for anemia associated with kidney failure is

A) iron administration.
B) high-protein diet.
C) erythropoietin administration.
D) vitamin B₁₂ and folate administration.

Question 16

Excessive red cell lysis can be detected by measuring the serum

A) hemoglobin.
B) methemoglobin.
C) bilirubin.
D) erythropoietin.

Question 17

What laboratory finding is usually found in aplastic anemia?

A) Leukocytosis
B) Thrombocythemia
C) Neutrophilia
D) Pancytopenia

Question 18

A laboratory test finding helpful in confirming the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia is

A) elevated total iron-binding capacity.
B) elevated MCHC and MCV.
C) elevated total and indirect bilirubin.
D) positive direct or indirect Coombs test.

Question 19

Patients who experience anemic episodes when exposed to certain drugs most likely have

A) thalassemia.
B) spherocytosis.
C) sickle cell anemia.
D) glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

Question 20

The most appropriate treatment for secondary polycythemia is

A) volume expansion with saline.
B) measured to improve oxygenation.
C) phlebotomy.
D) chemotherapy.

Question 21

A patient is diagnosed with aplastic anemia.The nurse expects to find what patient symptoms upon assessment? (Select all that apply.)

A) Lethargy
B) Heart palpitations
C) Transient murmurs
D) Bradycardia
E) Orthopnea

Question 22

Regarding iron-deficiency anemia,what laboratory features are typically decreased? (Select all that apply.)

A) MCV
B) MCH
C) MCHC
D) WBC
E) Thrombocytes

Question 23

Anemia related to vitamin B₁₂ or folate deficiency is characterized by what laboratory features? (Select all that apply.)

A) RBC counts of 775,000 to 900,000 cells/mm³
B) RBC counts of 500,000 to 750,000 cells/mm³
C) WBC counts of 3000 to 4000 cells/mm³
D) WBC counts of 4000 to 5000 cells/mm³
E) Platelet counts of 60,000 cells/mm³

Question 24

One of the cardinal features of sickle cell anemia includes acute and chronic dysfunction of which organs? (Select all that apply.)

A) Spleen
B) Bones
C) Brain
D) Lungs
E) Stomach

Question 25

The anemia resulting from a deficiency of either vitamin B₁₂ (cobalamin)or folate is caused by a disruption in DNA synthesis of the blast cells in the bone marrow that produces very large abnormal bone marrow cells called megaloblasts.

Question 26

The nurse is educating a patient diagnosed with anemia of chronic renal failure about the disease.Which statements made by the nurse are correct regarding the patient's treatment? (Select all that apply.)

A) "Since your glomerular filtration is 13 mL/min, you'll be started on dialysis."
B) "Your hematocrit is 29%, so you're going to start on erythropoietin therapy."
C) "Your hemoglobin is 9 g/dL, so you'll need erythropoietin therapy."
D) "We need to get your hemoglobin up to at least 15 g/dL"
E) "You're going to need iron, folate, and B₁₂ therapy to help improve your blood counts."

Question 27

Vaccination for pneumococcal pneumonia should be performed before 1 year of age in patients with sickle cell anemia.

Question 28

A newborn patient is diagnosed with hemolytic disease.The nurse may expect to find what signs and symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

A) Petechial hemorrhages
B) Hepatomegaly
C) Splenomegaly
D) Kernicterus
E) Erythema

Question 29

Hapten mechanisms are found in which medications? (Select all that apply.)

A) Ibuprofen
B) Narcotics
C) Penicillin
D) Cephalosporins
E) Tetracycline