Deck 26: Renal Function

Question 1

The primary selectivity barrier for glomerular filtration is the

A) glomerular basement membrane.
B) endothelial tight junctions.
C) epithelial fenestra.
D) mesangial cells.

Answer 1

glomerular basement membrane.

Question 2

An important sign of glomerular basement membrane dysfunction is

A) proteinuria.
B) hematuria.
C) glycosuria.
D) urinary casts.

Answer 2

proteinuria.

Question 3

Which finding on urinalysis should prompt further evaluation?

A) pH 4.5
B) Red blood cells 2 per high-power field
C) Specific gravity of 1.015
D) White blood cells 20 per high-power field

Answer 3

White blood cells 20 per high-power field

Question 4

It is true that glucose reabsorption in the tubules

A) occurs passively.
B) occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule.
C) is unlimited.
D) simply does not occur.

Question 5

The main driving force for glomerular filtration is

A) oncotic pressure in the Bowman's capsule.
B) hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries.
C) permeability of the glomerular membrane.
D) solute content of the blood in the glomerular capillaries.

Question 6

Approximately two thirds of the water and electrolytes filtered by the kidney are reabsorbed by the

A) loop of Henle.
B) collecting tubule.
C) distal tubule.
D) proximal tubule.

Question 7

The primary function of the vasa recta is to

A) secrete renin.
B) reabsorb NaCl.
C) reabsorb interstitial fluid.
D) secrete urea.

Question 8

Serum creatinine may be increased by

A) carbohydrate intake.
B) fat intake.
C) muscle breakdown.
D) fluid intake.

Question 9

Factors that increase the glomerular filtration rate include

A) fluid volume excess.
B) increased hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman's capsule.
C) high oncotic pressure in glomerular capillary blood.
D) obstruction in the renal tubules.

Question 10

Renin is released from

A) the posterior pituitary gland.
B) the liver.
C) juxtaglomerular cells.
D) macula densa cells.

Question 11

The underlying mechanism which directly results in glycosuria is

A) filtration of glucose from the glomerulus.
B) exceeding the threshold for glucose reabsorption.
C) secretion of glucose into the distal tubule.
D) the mechanism is unknown.

Question 12

The blood urea nitrogen (BUN)level is affected by (Select all that apply.)

A) protein intake.
B) fat intake.
C) fluid intake.
D) catabolism.
E) renal function.

Question 13

The glucose transporter in the proximal tubule

A) has no transport maximum.
B) does not depend on sodium reabsorption.
C) is ATP-dependent.
D) may be saturated at high filtered glucose loads.

Question 14

Excess potassium is excreted from the body by the renal system primarily via

A) glomerular filtration based on blood level of potassium.
B) reabsorption based on blood level of potassium.
C) secretion based on aldosterone level.
D) an unknown mechanism.

Question 15

Serious renal impairment generally does not occur until ____ of the total nephrons have been damaged.

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 80%

Question 16

The glomerular filtration rate is most accurately reflected in the

A) blood urea nitrogen level.
B) urinary output.
C) serum osmolality.
D) serum creatinine level.

Question 17

Hormones that increase sodium reabsorption from the tubular fluid include (Select all that apply.)

A) aldosterone.
B) atrial natriuretic peptide.
C) antidiuretic hormone.
D) urodilatin.
E) angiotensin II.