Question 1

From the time of fertilization until the end of the eighth week,the developing organism is referred to as the&#10;A) zygote.&#10;B) fetus.&#10;C) infant.&#10;D) embryo.

Accepted Answer

From fertilization to the end of the eighth week,the developing organism is referred to as an embryo.After fertilization,the zygote begins a series of divisions by mitosis.From the ninth week until birth,the developing baby is referred to as a fetus.The infant stage of growth occurs after delivery.

Question 2

Before the onset of menstruation,water retention and breast swelling are thought to be high levels of ________ stimulating the secretory cells of the breast.&#10;A) estrogen&#10;B) progesterone&#10;C) hCG&#10;D) oxytocin

Accepted Answer

The water retention and subsequent swelling of breast tissue during this phase of the menstrual cycle are thought to be high levels of circulating progesterone stimulating the secretory cells of the breast.High levels of estrogen are not related to breast swelling.hCG levels are unrelated to stimulation of secretory cells.Oxytocin is related to lactation.

Question 3

Which organs are part of the female reproductive tract? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Ovaries&#10;B) Uterus&#10;C) Cervix&#10;D) Vagina&#10;E) Urethra

Accepted Answer

The ovaries,uterus,cervix,and vagina are all considered to be organs of the female reproductive system.The urethra is located near the vagina but is a part of the urinary system.

Question 4

Which hormone is secreted to cause uterine contractions during labor and delivery?&#10;A) Progesterone&#10;B) Thyroxine&#10;C) Oxytocin&#10;D) Pitocin

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin is a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland that specifically causes uterine contraction and that is thought to have a major role in promoting increased uterine contractility during parturition.An increased ratio of estrogen to progesterone secretion may promote uterine contractility.Thyroxine is not associated with uterine contractions.Pitocin is not a hormone that is secreted during labor and delivery.

Question 5

The corpus luteum&#10;A) is the site of implantation of a fertilized egg.&#10;B) secretes hCG.&#10;C) develops at the site of a ruptured ovarian follicle.&#10;D) is part of the human placenta.

Accepted Answer

During the luteal phase,the site of the ruptured follicle becomes a corpus luteum,which secretes estrogen and progesterone.The corpus luteum degenerates if pregnancy does not occur.The corpus luteum does not secrete hCG.The corpus luteum is not a part of the placenta.

Question 6

The purpose of the placenta during pregnancy is to&#10;A) protect the developing fetus.&#10;B) provide nutrients to the mother.&#10;C) provide nutrients to the fetus and remove wastes.&#10;D) remove excess estrogen during pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

The placenta serves two basic functions.It is the organ of exchange between the developing fetus and the mother; it also provides nutrients to the fetus and removes wastes.The amniotic cavity provides protection to the fetus during pregnancy.The placenta does not provide any additional nutrients to the mother during pregnancy.The placenta secretes estrogen and progesterone.

Question 7

What is the average maternal weight gain during pregnancy?&#10;A) 7 lbs&#10;B) 12 lbs&#10;C) 24 lbs&#10;D) 40 lbs

Accepted Answer

The average weight gain during pregnancy is about 24 lbs,with most of this gain occurring during the last two trimesters.Approximately 7 lbs of weight gain is related to the fetus.Approximately 4 lbs of the increased weight is amniotic fluid,placenta,and fetal membranes.Forty pounds is not an average amount of weight gained with pregnancy.

Question 8

The heartbeat becomes audible through a stethoscope during which phase of fetal development?&#10;A) First trimester&#10;B) Second trimester&#10;C) Third trimester&#10;D) Parturition

Accepted Answer

The heartbeat of the fetus is audible during the second trimester,or months 4 to 6 of development.The heartbeat is not typically audible by stethoscope until the second trimester.The heartbeat is audible via stethoscope before the third trimester.Parturition refers to the process by which the infant is born.

Question 9

During the first 2 weeks of the menstrual cycle,the endometrium proliferates under the influence of&#10;A) estrogen.&#10;B) testosterone.&#10;C) progesterone.&#10;D) hCG.

Accepted Answer

In the preovulatory phase,also called the proliferative phase,theca and granulosa cells in the developing follicles in the ovary secrete estrogen.Testosterone is not secreted during the preovulatory phase.Progesterone is not related to the proliferation of the endometrium.The endometrium is not proliferated by the presence of hCG.

Question 10

A 48-year-old female who is having hot flashes,tachycardia,palpitations,and sleep disturbance may be experiencing symptoms related to&#10;A) pregnancy.&#10;B) perimenopause.&#10;C) ovulation.&#10;D) endometriosis.

Accepted Answer

Perimenopause is the period between the ages of 45 and 52 years when estrogen and progesterone production declines and the woman experiences physiologic changes.Pregnancy is not the typical cause of hot flashes,tachycardia,and palpitations.Ovulation is not associated with the symptoms described.Endometriosis does not cause hot flashes and tachycardia.

Question 11

Pregnancy is associated with&#10;A) decreased oxygen consumption and ventilation.&#10;B) decreased basal metabolic rate.&#10;C) decreased absorption of sodium and water.&#10;D) increased cardiac output and blood volume.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pregnancy is associated with&#10;A) decreased oxygen consumption...

Question 12

At the midpoint of the menstrual cycle,ovulation occurs in response to the&#10;A) increase in progesterone.&#10;B) increase in luteinizing hormone and FSH.&#10;C) decrease in estrogen.&#10;D) decrease in gonadotropin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At the midpoint of the menstrual cycle,ovulation...

Question 13

Ovulation occurs approximately how many days prior to the first day of menstruation?&#10;A) 7&#10;B) 10&#10;C) 14&#10;D) 21

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ovulation occurs approximately how many days prior...

Question 14

The hormone released from the posterior pituitary gland during the milk ejection reflex is&#10;A) gonadotropin.&#10;B) prolactin.&#10;C) vasopressin.&#10;D) oxytocin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hormone released from the posterior pituitary...

Deck 32: Female Genital and Reproductive Function