Deck 2: The Microbiome

Question 1

Which is NOT one of the enterotypes described for humans

A)Type I
B)Type II
C)Type III
D)Type V

Answer 1

D

Question 2

How many bacteria are found in and on an average human

A)10 times the number of body cells
B)100 times the number of body cells
C)1,000 times the number of body cells
D)10 million times the number of body cells
E)10 trillion times the number of body cells

Answer 2

A

Question 3

According to this chapter,consumption of which food reduces anxiety and depression

A)coffee and tea
B)bran
C)lamb
D)yogurt
E)tumeric

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A course of antibiotics can disturb gut microflora for what period of time

A)no change occurs
B)10 minutes
C)10 days
D)permanent irreversible damage occurs
E)2 years

Question 5

The asthma incidence rate in Huttite children is:

A)5%
B)2%
C)10%
D)higher than the national average
E)50%

Question 6

According to the chapter opener,the children who show the highest incidence of asthma in the U.S.A.are:

A)Mormons
B)Amish
C)Mexican American
D)African American
E)none of these are correct choices

Question 7

The biggest contribution to the microbiome occurs:

A)at the time of delivery
B)during breast feeding
C)while visiting chimpanzees at a zoo
D)if anxiety and depression are experienced
E)continuously,there is no period where the fundamental microbiome is established

Question 8

How many genes are gut microbes thought to interact with when they are implicated in causing Crohn's disease

A)9
B)140
C)180
D)25
E)1,000

Question 9

Which term is used if your microbiome is considered conducive to good health

A)balanced
B)retrobiosis
C)antagonobiosis
D)antibiosis
E)dysbiosis

Question 10

What is NOT an accurate description of the term enterotype

A)gut microbes that influence your weight and risk factors for other illnesses
B)the three grouping of microbes found in the human intestine
C)the microflora found in your colon
D)the three grouping of microbes found in the chimpanzee intestine
E)the microflora found in your pericardial cavity.

Question 11

Risks from obesity do NOT include:

A)infertility
B)metabolic syndrome
C)high blood pressure
D)heart disease
E)stroke

Question 12

Scientists are discovering that the microbiome may be responsible for illnesses such as
asthma,Alzheimer's,or migraines,and may be a contributing factor to curing cancer.

Question 13

Which is NOT one of the enterotypes described for humans

A)Bacteroides-dominant
B)Prevotella-dominant
C)Ruminococcus-dominant
D)all are correct enterotypes
E)Shigella-dominant

Question 14

How many body cells are there in a typical human being

A)10 times less than the number of microbial cells
B)100 times less than the number of microbial cells
C)1,000 times less than the number of microbial cells
D)50 times less than the number of microbial cells
E)100 times more than the number of microbial cells

Question 15

At which developmental stage is it believed that antibiotic administration provides the highest risk of adversely affecting immune health and metabolic homeostasis

A)prenatally
B)while the immune system is still developing
C)in the adolescent
D)in the middle aged adult
E)in the geriatric

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a benefit in reducing asthma incidence

A)living in an Amish community
B)living near factories
C)living near new housing estates
D)living in a Huttite community
E)living near power lines

Question 17

Which choice indicates desirable bacteria to introduce into an individual suffering from anxiety and depression

A)Lactobacillus,found in yoghurt
B)E)coli found bagged lettuce
C)Salmonella found in meats
D)Bacteroides a part of the Type I enterotype
E)Prevotella a part of the Type II enterotype

Question 18

Which of these is a desirable trait for maintaining good health

A)possessing any microbiome at all,they make no difference
B)not being overweight
C)eating any food at all
D)possessing a Bacteroides microbiome
E)never exercising

Question 19

The asthma incidence rate in Amish children is:

A)3%
B)2%
C)10%
D)lower than the national average
E)21.3%

Question 20

Which of these is NOT a desirable trait for maintaining good health

A)possessing a Bacteroides-dominant microbiome
B)maintaining a healthy weight
C)eating fewer processed foods
D)having a balanced microbiome
E)all are undesirable traits

Question 21

The asthma incidence rate in Amish children is:

A)5%
B)2%
C)10%
D)higher than the national average
E)21.3%

Question 22

Which is NOT one of the enterotypes described for humans

A)Type I
B)Type II
C)Type III
D)Type IV
E)all are correct enterotype descriptions

Question 23

Which of the following best describes a benefit in reducing asthma incidence

A)close proximity to animals
B)living near factories
C)living near new housing estates
D)living in older sections of towns
E)living near railway lines

Question 24

How many bacteria are found in and on an average human

A)10¹²
B)10¹⁵
C)10¹⁴
D)10²
E)10²⁰

Question 25

Which of these is a desirable trait for maintaining good health

A)possessing any microbiome at all,they make no difference
B)being overweight
C)eating any food at all
D)possessing a "healthy" microbiome
E)never exercising

Question 26

A C-section affects the milk microbbiome by reducing its diversity.

Question 27

The asthma incidence rate in Huttite children is:

A)5%
B)2%
C)10%
D)lower than the national average
E)21.3%

Question 28

How many body cells are there in a typical human being

A)10¹⁰
B)10¹³
C)10²⁰
D)10⁵
E)10¹⁷

Question 29

According to this chapter,consumption of which food reduces anxiety and depression

A)chocolate
B)apples
C)French fries
D)yogurt
E)green salad

Question 30

The children who show the lowest incidence of asthma in the U.S.A.are:

A)Huttites
B)Amish
C)Mexican American
D)African American
E)Japanese American

Question 31

Which disease has been linked to maternal microbiome disturbances

A)epilepsy
B)autism
C)altered growth rate
D)Crohn's disease
E)all are caused by maternal microbiome disturbances

Question 32

Which of these is NOT a desirable trait for maintaining good health

A)possessing any microbiome at all,they make no difference
B)maintaing a healthy weight
C)eating fewer processed foods
D)having a balanced microbiome
E)all are undesirable traits

Question 33

The biggest contribution to the microbiome occurs:

A)at the time of delivery
B)at puberty
C)during old age
D)when children turn five years old
E)continuously,there is no period where the fundamental microbiome is established

Question 34

In mice,stress has been seen to affect:

A)learning
B)activity
C)exploration
D)microbiome diversity
E)all of these are true

Question 35

Which is NOT one of the enterotypes described for humans

A)Bacteroides-dominant
B)Prevotella-dominant
C)Ruminococcus-dominant
D)all are correct enterotypes
E)E)coli-dominant

Question 36

Which term is used if your microbiome is not considered conducive to good health

A)imbiosis
B)retrobiosis
C)antagonobiosis
D)antibiosis
E)dysbiosis

Question 37

At which age is it believed that antibiotic administration provides the highest risk of causing dysbiosis

A)prenatally
B)in the infant
C)in the adolescent
D)in the middle aged adult
E)in the geriatric

Question 38

What is an accurate description of the term enterotype

A)the microflora found on your skin
B)the microflora found in your oral cavity.
C)the microflora found in your colon
D)the microflora found in your upper respiratory tract
E)the microflora found in your sinuses.

Question 39

Risks from obesity do NOT include:

A)poor cold tolerance
B)metabolic syndrome
C)high blood pressure
D)heart disease
E)stroke

Question 40

A course of antibiotics can disturb gut microflora for what period of time

A)2 hours
B)2 minutes
C)2 days
D)2 weeks
E)2 years

Question 41

In mice,stress has been seen to affect all of the following EXCEPT:

A)learning
B)activity
C)exploration
D)microbiome diversity
E)appetite

Question 42

Which bacterial genus was administered to President Carter to improve his cancer prognosis

A)Bacteroides
B)Salmonella
C)Bifidobacterium
D)E)coli
E)Prevotella

Question 43

Which disease may be linked to endotoxin release and ensuing inflammation

A)epilepsy
B)Type 2 diabetes
C)altered growth rate
D)obesity
E)all are caused by inflammatory disturbances

Question 44

Age but not sex affects the gut microbiome.

Question 45

Which disease may be linked to endotoxin release and ensuing inflammation

A)epilepsy
B)autism
C)altered growth rate
D)obesity
E)all are caused by inflammatory disturbances

Question 46

Which disease appeared reversible in mice when their microflora was changed

A)epilepsy
B)autism
C)altered growth rate
D)Crohn's disease
E)all are caused by maternal microbiome disturbances