Deck 22: Diseases of the Respiratory System

Question 1

Which of the following statements about streptococcal pharyngitis is incorrect

A)Dogs and other family pets can be carriers of Streptococcus pyogenes.
B)Diagnosis takes at least 24 hours for the culture results to be reported.
C)Clinically the throat is inflamed and the adenoids and lymph nodes in the neck swell.
D)If treatment is delayed,rheumatic fever may develop.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Middle ear infections are common in children because _____.

A)they do not secrete cerumen
B)their tympanic membranes are thinner than in adults
C)their Eustachian tubes are shorter and wider
D)two of these choices

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Acute epiglottitis is invariably caused by:

A)a virus
B)Streptococcus pyogenes
C)Corynebacterium pseudoinfluenzae
D)Haemophilus influenzae type B

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following are used in the treatment or prevention of diphtheria

A)Antibiotics
B)Vaccination
C)Antitoxin
D)All of these choices

Question 5

Which of the following statements about Corynebacterium diphtheriae is INCORRECT

A)A prophage carries the exotoxin producing gene.
B)An epidemic of diphtheria killed numerous people in the former Soviet Union.
C)The bacteria are Gram-negative rods.
D)The bacteria are in a palisade arrangement and have metachromatic granules.

Question 6

The upper respiratory tract consists of the:

A)pharynx
B)nasal cavity
C)primary bronchi
D)two of these choices

Question 7

Which of the following statements about pneumonia is incorrect

A)Helminths can cause pneumonia.
B)Walking pneumonia is caused by Legionella pneumophilia.
C)Chemicals and radiation can cause pneumonia.
D)Walking pneumonia cannot be prevented by vaccination.

Question 8

Otitis media is caused most often by:

A)Streptococcus pneumoniae
B)Staphylococcus aureus
C)Haemophilus influenzae
D)Two of these choices

Question 9

Otitis externa is caused most often by _____.

A)Streptococcus pyogenes
B)Staphylococcus aureus
C)Haemophilus influenzae
D)two of these choices

Question 10

Which of the following statements about normal microflora of the respiratory system is incorrect

A)The presence of Haemophilus in the pharynx does not indicate disease.
B)About 1/3 of the population carries Staphylococcus aureus in their nasal cavity.
C)Coccidioides immitis is a harmless part of the microflora.
D)Nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus can easily spread it to other individuals.

Question 11

Which is characterized by a pseudomembrane forming in the throat

A)Diphtheria
B)Pertussis
C)Pharyngitis
D)Laryngitis

Question 12

Which of the following can evade the killing power of macrophages and replicate in them

A)Mycobacterium
B)Streptococcus
C)Coccidioides immitis
D)Two of these choices

Question 13

Pharyngitis is most often caused by:

A)a virus
B)Streptococcus pyogenes Group A
C)Staphylococcus aureus
D)Corynebacterium

Question 14

Pharyngitis is described as a _____.

A)sore throat
B)strep throat
C)viral infection
D)fungal infection

Question 15

Which of the following statements related to Rhinoviruses is incorrect

A)Rhinoviruses grow best at 33 - 34ᵒC.
B)Antibiotics are not useful in treating the common cold.
C)There are at least 113 different Rhinoviruses.
D)Rhinoviruses are very resistant to acid.

Question 16

The etiology of the common cold is _____.

A)Parainfluenza virus
B)Rhinoviruses
C)Adenoviruses
D)all of these choices

Question 17

If pathogens evade the non-defenses of the upper respiratory tract and enter the alveoli,_______ can protect the body from infection.

A)histiocytes
B)macrophages
C)NK cells
D)Goblet cells

Question 18

Which of the following conditions is most likely to lead to pneumonia

A)Sinusitis
B)Bronchitis
C)Pharyngitis
D)Epiglottitis

Question 19

The mucociliary escalator:

A)leads to aspirations of secretions that can cause pneumonia
B)allows materials in the bronchi to be lifted to the pharynx
C)is a ring of lymphoid tissue that surround the pharynx
D)two of these choices

Question 20

Sinusitis can be caused by:

A)Staphylococcus aureus
B)Streptococcus pneumoniae
C)Haemophilus influenzae
D)All of these choices

Question 21

Pneumonia can be caused by _____.

A)bacteria
B)viruses
C)fungi
D)all of these choices

Question 22

Prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia is difficult because:

A)the vaccine only protects against 23 strains
B)the vaccine covers all the strains,but boosters must be administered
C)there is no vaccine
D)the vaccine is only given to adults

Question 23

The paroxysmal stage of whooping cough is characterized by _____.

A)mild,dry,persistent cough
B)a migraine headache
C)violent coughing
D)pseudomembrane forming in throat

Question 24

Primary atypical pneumonia is caused by:

A)Streptococcus pneumoniae
B)Mycobacterium pneumoniae
C)Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D)Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 25

Whooping cough treatment includes:

A)administration of antitoxin
B)erythromycin
C)supportive treatment for symptoms
D)all of these choices

Question 26

Pontiac fever is a mild form of _____.

A)tuberculosis
B)pneumonia
C)legionellosis
D)diphtheria

Question 27

The following statements about tuberculosis are all true except:

A)Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare causes TB in AIDS patients
B)the pathogens have long generation time (12-18 hours)
C)Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most common causative agent
D)the pathogens are very sensitive to drying and die quickly in the environment

Question 28

Bronchial pneumonia differs from lobar pneumonia in that _____.

A)it only affects old people
B)it starts as a secondary infection
C)it lacks the fibrin deposits
D)two of these choices

Question 29

Treatment of choice for TB is _____.

A)erythromycin and penicillin
B)isoniazid and rifampin
C)purified protein derivative
D)cold fresh air

Question 30

Legionellosis is controlled by:

A)vaccine administration
B)limited exposure to infected patients
C)regular disinfection of aerosolized water sources
D)prophylactic antibiotic treatment

Question 31

Consumption is another name for _____.

A)over-eating
B)diphtheria
C)tuberculosis
D)pneumonia

Question 32

Treatment for Mycoplasma pneumonia includes _____.

A)azithromycin
B)fluroquinolone
C)penicillin
D)two of these choices

Question 33

Influenza exhibits antigenic drift which involves _____.

A)mutations in genes for hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
B)gene reassortment due to multiple viral infections
C)mutations in envelope phospholipids
D)mutations in capsid proteins

Question 34

Tubercles:

A)are white patches when seen on chest x-rays of TB patients
B)undergo destruction giving a cheesy,caseous appearance
C)contain live Mycobacterium
D)all of these choices

Question 35

The major etiology of lobar pneumonia is:

A)Staphylococcus aureus
B)Streptococcus pneumoniae
C)Klebsiella pneumoniae
D)Two of these choices

Question 36

The pathogen responsible for the disease whooping cough is _____.

A)Rhinovirus
B)Bordetella pertussis
C)Corynebacterium
D)Haemophilus

Question 37

Legionellosis is a form of pneumonia that differs from classical pneumonia in that:

A)patients have an abnormal chest X-ray
B)there is major organ (liver,kidney)involvement
C)the causative agent is a virus
D)patients have fever with chills

Question 38

Which of the following statements about prevention of whooping cough is false

A)DTP contains the acellular Pertussis vaccine (Recombinant DNA vaccine).
B)The whole cell vaccine caused a number of children to die or have brain damage.
C)The acellular vaccine is safer.
D)Babies are immunized early because they have no passive immunity from their moms.

Question 39

Cyanosis,which may occur during whooping cough,is:

A)a fainting spell
B)a vomiting incident
C)a bluing of the skin
D)formation of a red rash

Question 40

The presence of Bordetella pertussis is confirmed by _____.

A)beta colonies on a blood agar plate
B)sensitivity to penicillin
C)a reddish pigmented colony
D)a fluorescent antibody stain

Question 41

Lung fluke infection is NOT associated with _____.

A)Stereptococcus pneumoniae
B)larvae maturing in bronchioles
C)chronic cough,bloody sputum and difficulty breathing
D)all of these choices

Question 42

Lung fluke infection is associated with _____.

A)Paragonimus westermani
B)larvae maturing in bronchioles
C)chronic cough,bloody sputum and difficulty breathing
D)all of these choices

Question 43

Ornithosis:

A)is transmitted to humans from birds
B)survives for long periods outside of cells
C)can be transmitted aerially as well as by ticks
D)is especially common in cattle- and sheep-raising areas

Question 44

Parasitic lung fluke disease can be prevented by _____.

A)treatment with amphotericin B
B)cooking shellfish before eating
C)vaccination when in endemic parts of the world
D)cooking meat products before eating

Question 45

Which fungal infection leads to an allergic asthmatic response

A)Aspergillosis
B)Blastomycosis
C)Cryptococcosis
D)Histoplasmosis

Question 46

Which bacterial species is responsible for Q fever

A)Coxiella burnetii
B)Streptococcus pyogenes
C)Corynebacterium pseudoinfluenzae
D)Haemophilus influenzae type B

Question 47

Amphotericin B is used to treat serious systemic fungal infections for all of the following EXCEPT:

A)Coccidioidomycosis
B)Cryptococcosis
C)Pneumocystis pneumoniae
D)Aspergillosis

Question 48

Spelunkers are cave-exploring enthusiasts; to which fungal pathogen might they become exposed

A)Coccidioides immitis
B)Cryptococcus neoformans
C)Histoplasma capsulatum
D)Aspergillus fumigatus

Question 49

Hantaviruses:

A)is transmitted in urine of infected mice
B)causes foamy sputum and rupture of alveolar septa
C)causes granulomatous lesions in lungs and spleen
D)two of these choices

Question 50

Respiratory syncytial virus:

A)is most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants under 1 yr of age
B)is a pneumonia-like disease transmitted to humans by birds
C)is usually a skin disease but sometimes is disseminated to the lungs
D)all are correct choices