Deck 1: Overview of Genetics

Question 1

The study of the processes of transcription and translation is at the ________ level of biological organization.

A) population
B) organismal
C) cellular
D) molecular

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A variation of a gene is called a(n)________.

A) species
B) morph
C) genome
D) allele
E) proteome

Answer 2

D

Question 3

If a carbohydrate is going to be broken down for energy,which of the following molecules would be directly involved in the breakdown?

A) enzymes
B) nucleotides
C) microtubules
D) lipids
E) chromosomes

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following acts to accelerate chemical reactions in a cell?

A) nucleic acids
B) lipids
C) carbohydrates
D) enzymes

Question 5

Which one of the following is NOT one of the general classes of macromolecules that are necessary for cellular function?

A) nucleic acids
B) proteins
C) ions
D) carbohydrates
E) lipids

Question 6

The differences in inherited traits among individuals in a population are called ________.

A) species variation
B) genetic mutations
C) genetic variation
D) natural selection

Question 7

RNA is formed by the process of ________.

A) transcription
B) translation
C) both transcription and translation

Question 8

The building blocks of DNA are ________.

A) amino acids
B) carbohydrates
C) enzymes
D) nucleotides
E) lipids

Question 9

A characteristic that an organism displays is called ________.

A) a gene
B) a chromosome
C) DNA
D) gene expression
E) a trait

Question 10

The basic unit of heredity is the ________.

A) individual
B) gene
C) macromolecule
D) trait

Question 11

If a geneticist is studying the prevalence of a trait in a species,they are at the ________ level of study.

A) population
B) organismal
C) cellular
D) molecular

Question 12

In humans,gametes are different than other cells of the body in that they are ________.

A) diploid
B) haploid
C) genetic mutations
D) morphs

Question 13

A species that contains two copies of each chromosome is called ________.

A) a genetic mutation
B) a morph
C) haploid
D) diploid
E) alleles

Question 14

In many organisms,one set of chromosomes comes from the maternal parent,while the other set comes from the paternal parent.Similar chromosomes in these sets are said to be ________.

A) morphs
B) alleles
C) haploid
D) homologs
E) physiological traits

Question 15

________ is the use of the information in gene sequences to synthesize functional proteins that affect cellular characteristics.

A) Loss-of-function mutation
B) Gene expression
C) The human genome project
D) Proteomics

Question 16

A cellular structure that contains genetic information is called a ________.

A) nucleotide
B) genetic code
C) chromosome
D) nucleic acid

Question 17

What is natural selection? 

A) When nongenetically based traits are passed from one generation to the next
B) A process that allows traits to remain the same over many generations
C) A process in which environmental constraints enable some phenotypes to be more successful than others
D) When one phenotype is as successful as all other phenotypes

Question 18

Three populations of an organism,each with drastically different external markings,but still members of the same species,would be called ________.

A) homologs
B) mutants
C) communities
D) alleles
E) morphs

Question 19

Genetic variation is ultimately based upon which of the following?

A) morphological differences
B) variations in nucleotide sequence of the DNA
C) carbohydrate content of the cell
D) translation

Question 20

A diploid cell within an organism's body that is not a reproductive cell is ________.

A) a gamete
B) a somatic cell
C) an allele
D) rare
E) a sperm cell

Question 21

What is the first step that both scientists and students perform to answer questions in genetics?

A) Gathering background information
B) Reaching a conclusion
C) Analyzing data
D) Performing an experiment

Question 22

Which of the following uses a genetic cross to determine patterns of inheritance?

A) population genetics
B) transmission genetics
C) molecular genetics
D) evolutionary genetics

Question 23

The changes in the genetic makeup of a population over time is called ________.

A) homologous recombination
B) model organisms studies
C) genetic crosses
D) biological evolution
E) hypothesis testing

Question 24

The traits of an individual organism can be influenced by both genes and the ________.

A) genome
B) environment
C) population size
D) genetic variation within a population

Question 25

Performing a mating of two plants,one with a known genotype and the other with an unknown genotype,to determine the genotype of the individual with the unknown genotype would be an example what type of science?

A) discovery-based science
B) hypothesis testing
C) unethical experimentation
D) an impossible experiment

Question 26

Most cellular characteristics, such as structure and function,are the result of the synthesis and activity of different ________.

A) DNA
B) carbohydrates
C) lipids
D) proteins

Question 27

Genetics is an experimental,as opposed to theoretical,science because ________.

A) hypotheses are tested by performing experiments
B) hypotheses are tested by reviewing the literature to see what others have found
C) no hypotheses are accepted or rejected unless they are voted on by a council of scientists
D) it does not rely on observations but only hypothesis testing experiments

Question 28

Which of the following could be used to study the effects of drugs on gene expression?

A) population genetics
B) transmission genetics
C) molecular genetics
D) quantitative genetics