Deck 14: Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography: Basic Concepts

Question 1

In surface rendering, surface formation is the first step, and it involves the operation of contouring.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The most familiar coordinate system is the:

A)display coordinate system
B)object coordinate system
C)scanner coordinate system
D)scene coordinate system

Answer 2

scene coordinate system

Question 3

The purpose of three-dimensional imaging is to use large amounts of data collected from the patient to provide both qualitative and quantitative information.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Computer-aided diagnosis helps the observer view three-dimensional space by displaying the front, back, top, and bottom of an object.

Question 5

Ray tracing involves a mathematical ray sent from the observer's eye through the two-dimensional computer screen to pass through the three-dimensional volume that contains opaque and transparent objects.

Question 6

In the scene (xyz) coordinate system, the axes are positioned at __________ angles.

A)30-degree
B)45-degree
C)60-degree
D)90-degree

Question 7

The x, y, and z coordinates define a space in which multidimensional data are represented, which is called the: I. three-dimensional space
II) cartesian space
III) scene space

A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III

Question 8

Only some of the information collected from the voxels that compose each of the scanned slices goes to the computer for image reconstruction.

Question 9

__________ information is used to assess the three elements of technique of the three-dimensional imaging procedure.

A)Reconstructed
B)Qualitative
C)Quantitative
D)Virtual

Question 10

Which modeling technique transforms a two-dimensional profile into a three-dimensional object?

A)extrusion
B)image mapping
C)procedural texturing
D)surface mapping

Question 11

Three-dimensional imaging has found applications in all of the following except:

A)cardiovascular surgery
B)neurosurgery
C)ultrasound-guided biopsies
D)visualization of mummies

Question 12

The generation of a three-dimensional object by using computer software is called:

A)lighting
B)modeling
C)rendering
D)shading

Question 13

Virtual endoscopy allows the viewer to "fly through" structures such as: I. colon
II) tracheobronchial tree
III) vessels

A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III

Question 14

The zero point is also called the:

A)cartesian point
B)height of the axes
C)point of intersection
D)width of the axes

Question 15

Volume rendering produces three-dimensional images that have a better image quality and provide more information compared with surface rendering.

Question 16

The creation of the simulated three-dimensional image from data collected from the object space is called:

A)three-dimensional transformation
B)lighting and shading
C)modeling
D)rendering

Question 17

Voxel-based processing makes determinations about each voxel and decides to what degree each should contribute to the final three-dimensional image.

Question 18

Slice imaging is the most complex of all three-dimensional imaging.

Question 19

The development of computed tomographic angiography and three-dimensional imaging has not proved effective in the evaluation of cerebral aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations.

Question 20

All of the following are shading algorithms except:

A)flat shading
B)Gouraud shading
C)Phong shading
D)polygonal shading

Question 21

Algorithms for sliding thin slabs include all of the following except:

A)average intensity projection
B)maximum intensity projection
C)minimum intensity projection
D)total intensity projection

Question 22

Limitations of maximum intensity projections include: I. artifacts from pulsating vessels
II) inability to show superimposed structures
III) images are three-dimensionally ambiguous unless depth cues are provided

A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III

Question 23

Three-dimensional rendering algorithms include: I. virtual rendering
II) surface rendering
III) volume rendering

A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III

Question 24

The processing of an object-based model into a simulated three-dimensional image involves: I. object delineation
II) rendering
III) segmentation

A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III

Question 25

Stages of volume rendering include: I. modeling
II) preprocessing
III) rendering

A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III

Question 26

All of the following are tissue types used for voxel classification except:

A)bone
B)connective
C)fat
D)soft tissue

Question 27

Which of the following is an algorithm intended to create a thick multiplanar reconstruction by using the average of the attenuation through the tissues of interest?

A)average intensity projection
B)maximum intensity projection
C)minimum intensity projection
D)total intensity projection

Question 28

Describe the role of the radiological technologist in three-dimensional computed tomography imaging.

Question 29

Which algorithm provides a valuable perspective in defining lesions for surgical planning or detecting subtle small airway diseases?

A)average intensity projection
B)maximum intensity projection
C)minimum intensity projection
D)total intensity projection

Question 30

All of the following are major elements of a typical three-dimensional imaging system except:

A)detector array
B)output
C)the user
D)workstations

Question 31

Which of the following can be used to evaluate hollow structures such as the colon and the bronchi and can create an approach that allows for a "fly through"?

A)maximum volume rendering
B)minimum volume rendering
C)perspective volume rendering
D)volume rendering

Question 32

Clinical applications of three-dimensional imaging in computed tomography include all of the following except:

A)craniomaxillofacial complex
B)endocrine system
C)gastrointestinal system
D)pulmonary system

Question 33

Which of the following algorithms uses only the tissues with the greatest attenuation?

A)average intensity projection
B)maximum intensity projection
C)minimum intensity projection
D)total intensity projection

Question 34

All of the following are volume imaging methods except:

A)anaglyphic
B)holography
C)polygonal methods
D)varifocal mirrors

Question 35

Which of the following uses voxel information to transform the images into a collection of objects with subsequent processing concentrating on the display of the objects?

A)model-based processing
B)object-based processing
C)surface-based processing
D)voxel-based processing

Question 36

Anatomy missed as a result of patient respiration can have what type of appearance on the final three-dimensional image?

A)band artifact
B)ring artifact
C)stairstep artifact
D)streak artifact

Question 37

Which type of three-dimensional imaging approach produces a true three-dimensional visualization?

A)modeling imaging
B)projective imaging
C)slice imaging
D)volume imaging

Question 38

Typical three-dimensional processing techniques include software to perform all of the following except:

A)disarticulation
B)multiplanar reconstruction
C)computer-aided diagnosis
D)transparency visualization

Question 39

Equipment for three-dimensional image processing includes: I. computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scanner console
II) memory and archiving computer
III) stand-alone computer workstations

A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III

Question 40

An internal representation of surfaces that will be visible in the displayed image and then "lights" according to a standard protocol describes:

A)multiplanar rendering
B)surface rendering
C)volume rendering
D)voxel rendering