Deck 36: Substance Use Disorders and Infectious Disease

Question 1

HVB is a

A)chronic, remitting disease that bothers the person for 6-8 months before it clears.
B)blood-borne disease.
C)virus that can infect the mother, but never the fetus as placental barriers exist to block the virus from reaching the fetus.
D)virus known to cross the blood-brain barrier and in extreme cases induce dementia.

Answer 1

blood-borne disease.

Question 2

In the infected person, tuberculosis is found

A)in the lungs.
B)in oxygen-poor tissues since oxygen is a poison to bacteria.
C)most often in the lungs, but can be found virtually anywhere in the body.
D)in the central nervous system.

Answer 2

most often in the lungs, but can be found virtually anywhere in the body.

Question 3

One potential consequence of HAV infection is

A)death in rare cases.
B)acute liver failure in about 25% of cases.
C)relapsing hepatitis in about 25% of cases.
D)hepatitis-related dementia in rare cases.

Answer 3

death in rare cases.

Question 4

Intravenous drug abusers

A)rarely follow sterile injection procedures.
B)usually do not share needles with others.
C)rarely have a viral infection in their blood.
D)have different types of bacteria on their skin than nonaddicts.

Question 5

Of the approximately 36 million people infected with the AIDS virus globally,

A)about half are unaware of their infection.
B)two-thirds die within 3 months of infection.
C)two-thirds are homosexual males.
D)more than 95% are intravenous drug users.

Question 6

Each person infected with TB will pass the infection on to an additional other people.

A)1-5
B)5-10
C)10-15
D)15-20

Question 7

In the general population, about develop infectious endocarditis.

A)3 in 5,000
B)9 in 6,000
C)12 in 20,000
D)15 in 100,000

Question 8

In the United States, around people have been infected with HIV, and only around 13% realize that they have the virus.

A)750,000
B)1.2 million
C)2.4 million
D)16 million

Question 9

If an intravenous drug abuser should attempt to clean the "rig" by rinsing it out with tap water,

A)this can result in bacterial contamination of the needle since tap water can contain microorganisms.
B)this will move the bacterial contaminants to the tip of the needle, making the next user of that needle more likely to become infected.
C)this will cause the most vulnerable bacteria to die by exposing them to the chlorine in the tap water, leaving the more virulent strains behind to infect the next user.
D)the water itself will encourage the growth of microorganisms.

Question 10

It has been estimated that about 9% of new cases of tuberculosis

A)are the result of intravenous drug use.
B)are resistant to at least one antibiotic used to treat this disease.
C)are resistant to all antibiotics used to treat this disease.
D)are found in persons with circulatory problems.

Question 11

Available evidence suggests that the virus that causes AIDS, the HIV-1 virus,

A)was introduced into the population of homosexual males in the 1980s.
B)is a virus that "jumped" from nonhuman primates to humans.
C)was a genetic mutation that resulted from germ warfare experiments.
D)is a single strain of virus.

Question 12

The most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), Streptococcus pneumoniae, is spreadby

A)the body's weakened immune system.
B)aspiration or inhalation of droplets that form when a person coughs.
C)a failure to wash one's hands after shaking hands with a person who has been infected.
D)cigarette smoking by the patient who contracts the infection.

Question 13

It has been estimated that nearly of the world's population is currently infected with tuberculosis.

A)10%
B)33%
C)5%
D)40%

Question 14

In the United States, % of new HIV infections for men result from homosexual relations.

A)17
B)36
C)52
D)67

Question 15

The person infected with HIV will

A)live a normal life span if he or she adheres to prescribed antiviral medications.
B)lose about 15 years of potential life because of the infection, even with existing antiviral medications.
C)lose about 5 years of potential life because of the infection, even with existing antiviral medications.
D)have to take at least 80-90% of the prescribed antiviral drugs to achieve optimal viral suppression.

Question 16

Which of the following is true of hepatitis type A?

A)It is never transmitted by sharing intravenous needles.
B)Exposure to blood or other body fluids from an infected person is not a danger.
C)It is most often transmitted through oral-fecal contact.
D)It can only infect the victim if he or she is also simultaneously exposed to the hepatitis type D virus.

Question 17

The "AIDS latency period" has been found

A)to be an illusion because early HIV blood tests did not immediately reveal the infection.
B)to last longer in those who do not abuse intravenous drugs.
C)to last longer in those who acquired the infection from a sexual partner who was infected, since intravenous drug injection was not involved.
D)to be a gender-specific phenomenon.

Question 18

In the United States, what percentage of women who become infected with HIV contracted the virus from heterosexual relations with an infected partner?

A)22%
B)85%
C)55%
D)75%

Question 19

As a group, individuals with substance use disorders hospital stays.

A)usually have longer
B)usually do not require very long
C)are 16 times as likely to require
D)are 9 times as likely to require

Question 20

The virus that causes hepatitis type "C" is thought to be

A)as infectious as the virus that causes AIDS.
B)one-tenth as infectious as the virus that causes AIDS.
C)10 times as infectious as the virus that causes AIDS.
D)10 times as infectious as the virus that causes hepatitis type "B" infection.

Question 21

Discuss the relation between AIDS and neurocognitive dysfunction, including the classification system based upon the range of deficit.

Question 22

Discuss some of the forms of viral hepatitis commonly encountered in the treatment of people with an SUD.

Question 23

Discuss the history of tuberculosis in terms of the rates of infection and number of deaths it has caused.How does tuberculosis impact modern global populations?

Question 24

The virus that causes HBV is a blood-borne but not sexually transmitted pathogen.

Question 25

HIV infection results in an estimated $40,000 reduction in yearly earning potential.

Question 26

Why is infectious disease such a common complication for people with an SUD?

Question 27

AIDS is technically not a disease in its own right.

Question 28

In the past 500,000 years, tuberculosis is thought to have caused one billion deaths.

Question 29

Researchers have found that taking supplements of selenium can help to suppress viral replication of HIV, the virus responsible for AIDS.

Question 30

Discuss the six stages of a typical HIV infection.