Deck 26: The Biopsychosocial Model of the Substance Use Disorders

Question 1

Areas of increased brain activity are not isolated events by themselves, but

A)a reflection of an integrated whole brain pattern of activity.
B)can be isolated by proper physiological imaging techniques.
C)are best seen on fMRI images.
D)can be identified through EEG tracings.

Answer 1

a reflection of an integrated whole brain pattern of activity.

Question 2

A cornerstone of the medical, or "disease," model is that disease states are a reflection of

A)biological dysfunction at the cellular or molecular level.
B)a corruption of "free will."
C)a disruption in the balance of the four humors of the body.
D)the unavoidable consequence of commerce, which has brought us things such as the bubonic plague in the 1300s, when flea-infested rats were carried from areas where the plague was endemic to areas where it had never been seen before.

Answer 2

biological dysfunction at the cellular or molecular level.

Question 3

Which of the following is most true about E.M.Jellinek?

A)He argued that alcoholism is a disease in a manner similar to cancer or pneumonia.
B)He agreed with many of his critics that alcoholism reflected moral failings on the part of the patient in certain ways, but at its core it was a disease.
C)He argued that the disease model of alcoholism allowed the person to focus on recovery without having to defend himself or herself from criticism that he or she lacked moral fiber.
D)He argued that the substance use disorders presented many patterns of symptoms that progressed through predictable stages, and might possibly end in the individual's death.

Answer 3

He argued that alcoholism is a disease in a manner similar to cancer or pneumonia.

Question 4

One flaw in the "addictive personality" theory is that

A)psychoanalytic theory played too dominant a role in the development of this theory.
B)it was based only on personality characteristics of those people who failed to successfully complete a rehabilitation program.
C)it was based almost exclusively on research samples drawn from people in a rehabilitation facility of some kind.
D)researchers have yet to find substantial flaws in this theory.

Question 5

When a female bee hatches but is not fed the "royal jelly," it

A)becomes a queen and will eventually have to fight for the right to be queen by killing the current queen bee.
B)becomes a sterile worker bee.
C)starves while still in the egg and never hatches.
D)starves to death while it is still a larva.

Question 6

One of the challenges to the defense mechanism theory is that research has found that

A)clients with a substance abuse disorder do not use denial more frequently than other groups.
B)most clients with a substance use disorder do not engage in defense mechanisms.
C)only patients in rehabilitation programs utilize the defense of denial.
D)clients with a substance abuse disorder actually use defenses that have never been studied before.

Question 7

A cornerstone of the Jellinek model of alcoholism is that the individual

A)has a physical disease rather than a moral failing.
B)is frightened by signs of a loss of control, causing him or her to seek help.
C)must show none of the designated symptoms to be worthy of a diagnosis of alcoholism.
D)will follow one of multiple paths to an alcohol use disorder.

Question 8

Reina, a woman who is addicted to heroin, states, "I only started using because of my boyfriend." Reina is most likely engaging in the defense mechanism of

A)denial.
B)projection.
C)rationalization.
D)minimization.

Question 9

It has been suggested that therapists tend to

A)overlook cases that do not fit their preconceptions.
B)selectively remember cases that fit their preconceptions.
C)review theoretical models to determine which model fits which client but are unable to use that information as a guide to treatment because of managed care constraints.
D)have an unbiased recall of all cases they have worked with.

Question 10

An uninspiring outcome of the Jellinek model is that

A)in spite of expectations, it fails to accurately predict alcohol use patterns of the course of an individual's life.
B)the original survey returns have been lost and are thus unavailable to researchers.
C)it does identify which drinkers will or will not be able to abstain from further alcohol use, but only during the first 5 years following treatment.
D)it clearly identifies the mechanism by which loss of control takes place.

Question 11

According to the behavioral theory, humans and other animals work to

A)increase pleasure and decrease discomfort.
B)decrease pleasure and increase discomfort.
C)control sources of disruption and focus exclusively on their discomfort.
D)use personality and increase discomfort.

Question 12

The belief that addictions are viewed as a weakness in character of the addict reflects the model.

A)Medical
B)Psychosocial
C)Moral
D)Personality Predisposition

Question 13

The dopamine D2 hypothesis suggests this receptor subtype

A)is involved in the termination of drug-induced euphoria.
B)is found mainly in regions of the brain involved in planning and risk assessment, but not in the reward cascade.
C)is found mainly in regions of the brain involved in the reward cascade.
D)was once considered a possible contributor to the development of SUDs, but this theory has since been proven false.

Question 14

Dr.Benjamin Rush defined a "disease" as

A)the result of a bacterial or viral infection or the result of trauma.
B)anything that could cause an imbalance in the nervous system.
C)a condition that held the potential to cause the individual's death.
D)a condition that resulted from evil spirits.

Question 15

Norm has always been a risk taker.He has gotten into some trouble with the law and developed an AUD in his early 20s.Based on this information, Norm is most likely a

A)Type I drinker.
B)Type II alcohol-dependent person.
C)Type III drinker.
D)Type IV alcohol-dependent person.

Question 16

Defense mechanisms are thought to protect the individual from immediate awareness of internal conflict, but they do so

A)at the cost of long-term adjustment.
B)by helping parental interjects take root.
C)by limiting the individual's awareness of somatic perception.
D)by helping the ego engage in counterphobic behaviors.

Question 17

It has been suggested that the concept of the "alcoholic personality"

A)is well supported by clinical literature for men who drink, but not for women.
B)is well supported by clinical literature for women who drink, but not for men.
C)might reflect the illusion of correlation.
D)only emerged from clinical research conducted in the 1990s.

Question 18

Greta feels anxious and frustrated.She is beginning to see that if she has a number of alcoholic drinks, she feels relief from her anxiety symptoms.Greta is most likely in which stage of alcohol addiction?

A)Pre-alcoholic stage
B)Prodromal stage
C)Physical dependency stage
D)Chronic stage

Question 19

Characteristics of Type II alcohol dependency include

A)submission to rules and behavioral demands.
B)involvement in high risk-taking behaviors.
C)minimal involvement in antisocial behaviors in young adulthood.
D)virtually never developing an AUD prior to age 25.

Question 20

Which of the following theories/hypotheses purports that the brain's neural pathways and structures rewire themselves on a permanent basis in response to the use of recreational drugs?

A)Biological vulnerability hypothesis
B)Individual responsibility theory
C)Dopamine D2 receptor site hypothesis
D)Theory of neuroplasticity

Question 21

Type I alcoholism has been found to have higher heritability than Type II alcoholism.

Question 22

Describe the factors E.M.Jellinek used to support his argument that alcoholism was a disease.Describe the stages of untreated alcoholism according to him.

Question 23

Describe the learning theory model of the development of SUDs.

Question 24

The DARE program is usually led by a police officer and is carried out in a classroom setting.

Question 25

The neural activity within various regions of the brain transpires within minutes, but fMRI scan images require hours for data collection.

Question 26

Discuss the evidence in support of the dopamine D2 hypothesis.

Question 27

Physicians often claim that, because of "neuroplasticity," addictions are brain diseases.In reality, we do not yet know enough about neuroplasticity to claim that it is a factor in the SUDs.

Question 28

Discuss the popular Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) program, including some of the criticisms of such psycho-educational programs.

Question 29

Discuss some of the flaws critics attribute to the bio/psycho/social model in general.

Question 30

Brain scans have provided researchers with a reliable way to prove that SUDs are brain diseases.