Deck 8: Misuse of Central Nervous System Stimulants and Stimulant Use Disorders

Question 1

According to your text, amphetamines are least likely to be used for their

A)stimulant effect.
B)analgesic effect.
C)control of ADHD symptoms.
D)ability to enhance effects of certain narcotic analgesics.

Answer 1

analgesic effect.

Question 2

The vast majority of methamphetamine abusers in the world reside in

A)the United States.
B)South America.
C)Europe.
D)Asia or Southeast Asia.

Answer 2

Asia or Southeast Asia.

Question 3

Mounting evidence suggests that may be the superior form of treatment for ADHD.

A)psychosocial interventions
B)amphetamine compounds
C)Strattera
D)Modafinil

Answer 3

psychosocial interventions

Question 4

After a single dose of an oral amphetamine compound has been ingested, it will usually begin to take effect in

A)2-3 hours.
B)20-30 minutes.
C)5-10 minutes.
D)1 hour.

Question 5

While at a party, Kyle notices that his friend Frankie is not looking very well.Frankie complains of a headache and nausea, is shaking and confused, and begins describing what Kyle thinks are hallucinations no one else is experiencing.Frankie has no history of mental illness.Kyle should suspect that Frankie might be abusing which of the following drugs?

A)Atomoxetine hydrochloride
B)Modafinil
C)Amphetamines
D)Benzodiazepines

Question 6

The use of amphetamine compounds in weight loss programs was found to

A)be about as effective as simple diet and exercise over time.
B)be more effective than diet and exercise in 90 % of the research studies cited by your text.
C)result in permanent loss of weight by the patient, even after s/he stopped taking the medication.
D)require that the patients continue to take the medication for the rest of their lives to prevent dietary "rebound" weight gain.

Question 7

The use of CNS stimulants in World War II

A)was proven to result in significant improvement in battlefield performance for the soldiers taking them.
B)was proven to be most effective in nighttime operations for servicemen.
C)interfered with decision making by submarine commanders, who were thus instructed not to take these medications unless absolutely necessary.
D)was in the absence of data suggesting the stimulants were any more effective than caffeine.

Question 8

Which of the following amphetamine variants is the most lipid soluble?

A)Levoamphetamine sulfate
B)Dextroamphetamine sulfate
C)Methamphetamine
D)This has not been studied in detail

Question 9

About 10 % of patients who start taking an amphetamine compound

A)are safe unless they begin taking 10 times the recommended therapeutic dose.
B)are safe unless they begin taking twice the therapeutic dose.
C)experience some degree of drug-induced tachycardia.
D)are polydrug abusers.

Question 10

According to your textbook, amphetamines are the second most common category of illicit drugs used in the United States, behind

A)marijuana
B)heroin
C)ecstasy
D)alcohol

Question 11

The estimated therapeutic window for methylphenidate is

A)1:10.
B)1:1,000.
C)1:50.
D)1:100.

Question 12

Scientists have found evidence that the ephedra plant was used in burial sites in Europe years ago.

A)10,000
B)60,000
C)150,000
D)250,000

Question 13

During World War II, an epidemic of amphetamine misuse in Japan led researchers to determine that amphetamine psychosis can take up to years to clear in 15% of cases.

A)2
B)5
C)8
D)12

Question 14

Currently the most-used prescription medication for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is:

A)methamphetamine
B)modafinil
C)methylphenidate
D)atomoxetine hydrochloride

Question 15

Ephedrine's use as an agent for cardiac care in health care settings has

A)been restricted because of government concerns that it might be diverted for illicit purposes.
B)continued for some conditions, but also is rarely used in the treatment of some other conditions as new pharmaceuticals become available.
C)been eliminated entirely because the demand has outstripped supply and so physicians have not been forced to use other compounds.
D)been totally eliminated in response to federal and state laws prohibiting its use.

Question 16

Amphetamines were originally thought to be a safe substitute for cocaine.

Question 17

Historical evidence strongly suggests that which of the following figures may have been addicted to amphetamines?

A)Sigmund Freud
B)George Washington
C)Adolf Hitler
D)Winston Churchill

Question 18

The main mechanism by which ephedrine helps in the treatment of asthma is that it

A)causes the smooth muscles surrounding bronchial passages to relax.
B)increases tension in the smooth muscles surrounding bronchial passages, thus increasing responsiveness of these muscles to demand.
C)increases the blood flow from the heart to the lungs by stimulating release of norepinephrine.
D)decreases heart rate and the force with which it pumps.

Question 19

The peak blood level of ephedrine is

A)reached between 1 and 3 hours after a single dose.
B)reached 24 hours after a single dose.
C)not reached in a timeframe currently known to scientists.
D)lasts for between 8 and 36 hours, depending on the user's metabolism.

Question 20

Within the brain, methylphenidate's prime effects are thought to be caused by its ability to

A)stimulate the molecular serotonin reuptake pump in the neuron.
B)block the dopamine reuptake pump in the neuron.
C)stimulate the molecular norepinephrine reuptake pump in the neuron.
D)stimulate the release of dopamine stores in the neuron.

Question 21

Describe some of the current medical uses of the amphetamines.

Question 22

Which of the following about methylphenidate is NOT supported by research data?

A)A drug-induced state of depression is possible when this compound is used.
B)There is evidence of a possible relationship between methylphenidate use in childhood and affective disorders in adulthood.
C)The use of this compound stimulates bone growth in children.
D)Some children demonstrate symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder while taking this CNS stimulant.

Question 23

Historical evidence that the ephedra plant was used for medicinal properties dates back only years.

A)10,000
B)8,000
C)5,000
D)3,000

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT one of the side effects of methylphenidate?

A)Anemia
B)Low blood pressure
C)Anorexia
D)Insomnia

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways ephedrine is currently used medically?

A)In some forms of nasal surgery
B)In some forms of surgery where low blood pressure is a problem
C)To treat symptoms of shock
D)To decrease nasal congestion

Question 26

Describe the pattern of abuse of "ice" in the United States.

Question 27

Describe some of the possible physical consequences of long term amphetamine abuse.

Question 28

Discuss several symptoms of stimulant (CNS) use disorder as identified by DSM-5.Also identify at least two other CNS stimulant abuse related diagnoses.

Question 29

Discuss the controversy surrounding methylphenidate, noting its history in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

Question 30

The distribution pattern of ephedrine within the body

A)has been discovered to be dependent on the dopamine D2 receptor site distribution within the body.
B)reflects the effect of this compound on the pancreas.
C)is not well understood at this time.
D)varies according to method of administration.