Deck 11: Opioid Use and Misuse

Question 1

Chronic opioid abuse often results in significant for the user.

A)pain
B)"flashes"
C)constipation
D)insomnia

Answer 1

constipation

Question 2

Current theory suggests that narcotic analgesics relieve pain by their ability to

A)mimic the actions of endogenous opioid peptides.
B)counter the effects of the opioid peptides.
C)activate the release of serotonin in the amygdala.
D)activate the release of massive amounts of acetylcholine in the basal ganglia.

Answer 2

mimic the actions of endogenous opioid peptides.

Question 3

The invention of by Alexander Wood made it possible to rapidly and painlessly introduce morphine directly into the body.

A)the capsule
B)codeine
C)the hypodermic needle
D)the nasal aspirator

Answer 3

the hypodermic needle

Question 4

Besides controlling pain, opium can also

A)control diarrhea.
B)decrease cholesterol.
C)increase concentration.
D)decrease congestion.

Question 5

The English word "opium" can be traced to and means "poppy juice."

A)Latin
B)Greek
C)Arabic
D)India

Question 6

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the science of pain control?

A)There is no way to objectively measure the intensity of pain.
B)The AST blood test provides a way to measure the average level of pain the individual has experienced in the past week, but cannot be more accurate than this.
C)Similar levels of acute trauma will cause the exact same level of pain for different individuals.
D)Chronic pain is more easily assessed than is acute pain.

Question 7

Addiction to a narcotic

A)can develop after just a few days of continuous use.
B)requires at least 6 months of continuous use before it develops.
C)is seen only in cases of intravenous drug abuse.
D)is most often seen in heroin addiction.

Question 8

According to your text, one-quarter to one-third of those who briefly abuse opioid drugs will

A)develop cardiomyopathy.
B)become addicted.
C)develop classic pinpoint pupils.
D)call for early refills of prescribed medications to support their addiction.

Question 9

Which of the following is a symptom of heroin abuse?

A)Ataxia
B)Emotional liability
C)Slurred speech
D)Nodding off

Question 10

A person with a long-term opioid addiction

A)will rarely experience constipation since the opioids do not influence the muscle (meiotic) movements of the gastrointestinal tract.
B)will become totally tolerant to the respiratory depressant effects of their drug of choice.
C)will achieve the "rush" or "flash" experience by switching to another class of drugs.
D)is prone to constipation due to the effects of narcotics in the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 11

The typical symptoms of withdrawal distress for a person with an opioid addiction

A)are usually fatal unless supervised by a physician.
B)usually are no more uncomfortable than a bad case of the flu.
C)raise the individual's risk for viral infections such as influenza.
D)are more intense in oral abusers of narcotics.

Question 12

The danger of iatrogenic addiction is

A)estimated to be about 1 in every 14,000 cases when the narcotic analgesic is used for short term control of acute pain.
B)estimated to be about 1 in every 1,000 cases when the narcotic analgesic is used for short term control of chronic pain.
C)estimated to be about 1 in every 1,400 cases when the narcotic analgesic is used for short term control of insipient pain.
D)determined in part by the patient's age and sex.

Question 13

The methadone molecule is structurally similar to the molecule and is about as potent as that specific chemical.

A)codeine
B)sigma
C)morphine
D)heroin

Question 14

By the year 1900, more than of all Americans were thought to be addicted to narcotics.

A)0.30%
B)4%
C)3%
D)1%

Question 15

Which of the following analgesic compounds has the longest elimination half-life?

A)Morphine
B)Demerol
C)Methadone
D)Codeine

Question 16

Narcotic analgesics currently in use tend to preferentially activate the receptor site in the brain.

A)mu
B)epsilon
C)sigma
D)delta

Question 17

The active ingredient in opium, named morphine after the Greek god of dreams, was first isolated by chemist Friedrich Serturner in

A)1861
B)1906
C)1914
D)1806

Question 18

According to your text, as many as % of patients in moderate to severe pain receive less than adequate doses of prescription narcotic analgesics because of physicians' fear of an iatrogenic substance use disorder.

A)25
B)51
C)65
D)73

Question 19

Which of the following narcotic analgesics was developed for long-term pain management?

A)Codeine
B)Oxycodone
C)Morphine
D)Fentanyl

Question 20

In research, volunteers who are not in pain but are given a therapeutic dose of narcotic analgesics usually report feeling

A)dysphoria.
B)euphoria.
C)mania.
D)pain.

Question 21

The region of the brain has a large number of opioid receptor sites.

A)hippocampus
B)frontal cortex
C)medulla
D)amygdalae

Question 22

Discuss the reasons behind and the need for developing synthetic opioid narcotics.

Question 23

According to your text, research has demonstrated

A)73 % of patients report adequate levels of pain control when asked.
B)56 % of patients experiencing pain achieve adequate levels of analgesia using oral medications alone.
C)73 % of patients in mild to moderate pain do not receive adequate analgesia.
D)the public understands how to control pain better than do physicians.

Question 24

Why is heroin considered more potent than morphine, from which it is derived?

Question 25

Explain how the distribution of opioid receptors across the brain results in the wide range of effects.

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true?

A)The legal definition of "narcotic" is based on the pharmacological characteristics of that compound.
B)The legal definition of "narcotic" is not based on the pharmacological characteristics of that compound.
C)There is no legal term "narcotic;" the correct legal term is "a compound that produces morphine-like effects."
D)The legal term for "narcotic" applies to every compound that alters the individual's sense of consciousness.

Question 27

One function of endogenous opioid molecules released in the amygdala is the

A)suppression of the "fight or flight" response.
B)initiation of a pleasure response when we do something right.
C)suppression of the pleasure response.
D)increase in respiration so we will remember what we did more clearly.

Question 28

What is a "chipper?"

A)An occasional heroin user
B)A methadone addict
C)A recovered heroin addict
D)Someone who crushes Oxycontin capsules to disengage their time-release effects

Question 29

Describe the different theoretical mechanisms by which narcotic drugs provide pain relief.

Question 30

Describe the current medical uses for narcotic analgesics.