Deck 21: Infections of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Question 1

The most common cause of urinary tract infection is

A)Proteus mirabilis.
B)Escherichia coli.
C)Enterobacter sp.
D)Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
E)Staphylococcus aureus.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is the term for the presence of large number of leukocytes in urine?

A)Dysuria.
B)Pyuria.
C)Haematuria.
D)Leukopoiesis.
E)Leukopenia.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A reason for the high incidence of sexually transmissible infections is

A)the lack of symptoms in some infections.
B)non-seeking of medical advice.
C)failure to use condoms
D)ignorance of the risks.
E)all of the above.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The genital infection characterised by skin lesions called 'gummas' is

A)lymphogranuloma venereum.
B)genital warts.
C)genital herpes.
D)tertiary syphilis.
E)Chlamydia trachomatis infection.

Question 5

Which of the following sites is normally colonised by microorganisms?

A)Urinary bladder.
B)Upper urethra.
C)Lower urethra.
D)Kidneys.
E)None of the above.

Question 6

Bacteria that cause urinary tract infection

A)usually originate in the gastrointestinal tract.
B)often possess attachment pili.
C)often colonise periurethral areas prior to causing infection.
D)have variable sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs.
E)all of the above.

Question 7

Significant bacteriuria in an MSU specimen is defined as

A)10² bacteria per litre.
B)10⁴ bacteria per litre.
C)10⁶ bacteria per litre.
D)10⁸ bacteria per litre.
E)any number in a properly collected MSU.

Question 8

Which of the following supports a diagnosis of urinary tract infection?

A)Greater than 10⁸ E.coli per litre of urine.
B)Urinary frequency.
C)Pyuria.
D)Painful urination.
E)All of the above

Question 9

Infection and inflammation of the kidneys is called

A)cystitis.
B)pyelonephritis.
C)bacteriuria.
D)dysuria.
E)haematuria.

Question 10

Cystitis is characterised by

A)pyuria.
B)dysuria.
C)urgency.
D)frequency.
E)all of the above.

Question 11

Which of the following does NOT increase the risk of urinary tract infection?

A)Urinary catheterisation.
B)Pregnancy.
C)Hypertrophy of the prostate gland.
D)Menstruation.
E)Renal calculi.

Question 12

A poorly collected MSU specimen is indicated by

A)large numbers of red cells in the specimen.
B)large numbers of epithelial cells in the specimen.
C)growth of bacteria other than E.coli.
D)no bacteria or cells in the urine.
E)all of the above.

Question 13

A Gram stain of urethral discharge from a male shows Gram-negative diplococci and pus cells.The presumptive diagnosis would be

A)syphilis.
B)chlamydial infection.
C)gonorrhoea.
D)genital herpes.
E)urinary tract infection.

Question 14

Which of the following laboratory results would support a diagnosis of urinary tract infection? A midstream urine containing

A)leukocytes and 10² bacterial per litre.
B)red blood cells and 10² bacteria per litre.
C)epithelial cells and 10⁴ bacteria per litre.
D)leukocytes and 10⁸ bacteria per litre.
E)epithelial cells and leucocytes.

Question 15

Which of the following sexually transmissible infections can cause congenital defects?

A)Chlamydia.
B)Gonorrhoea.
C)Rubella.
D)Syphilis.
E)Genital warts.

Question 16

Women suffer from cystitis more often than men because

A)menstruation is likely to predispose women to infection.
B)the pelvic floor muscles are weakened after childbirth.
C)urinary tract infections are caught from a dirty toilet seat.
D)the urethra is closer to the anus in women.
E)all of the above.

Question 17

Gonorrhoea is a significant problem because

A)all infections result in severe genital symptoms.
B)the infection can be transmitted via the placenta to the foetus.
C)the organism is becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics.
D)the organism is resistant to drying so may be acquired from inanimate objects.
E)all of the above.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding gonorrhoea in women?

A)Gonococci infect the uterine cervix.
B)Gonococcal infection may extend into the fallopian tubes.
C)Arthritis may be a sequela.
D)Obstruction of the fallopian tubes may occur.
E)All of the above.

Question 19

Which of the following is an important innate defence of the urinary tract?

A)Normal urine flow.
B)The mucociliary escalator.
C)Urinary antibodies.
D)Mucosal lymphocytes.
E)All of the above.

Question 20

A patient with secondary syphilis

A)may have a rash on the palms of his hands.
B)is no longer infectious.
C)has an immunological disorder.
D)cannot be treated with antimicrobial drugs.
E)all of the above.

Question 21

A sexually transmitted protozoan that causes vaginitis is

A)Trichomonas vaginalis.
B)Ureaplasma.
C)Treponema pallidum.
D)Candida albicans.
E)Chlamydia trachomatis.

Question 22

Which of the following is FALSE? Pelvic inflammatory disease

A)is an inflammation of the pelvic organs.
B)only occurs in women with multiple partners.
C)may result in an ectopic pregnancy.
D)is an outcome of chronic chlamydial infection.
E)may be caused by Neisseria gonorrhoea.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT an effective means of preventing most sexually transmissible diseases?

A)Avoidance of high-risk encounters.
B)Use of condoms.
C)Contact tracing.
D)Vaccination.
E)All of the above are highly effective.

Question 24

Which of the following sexually transmissible diseases CANNOT be prevented by vaccination?

A)HIV infection.
B)Gonorrhoea.
C)Primary syphilis.
D)Secondary syphilis.
E)All of the above.

Question 25

The most common sexually transmissible disease in Australia is

A)chlamydial infection.
B)syphilis.
C)gonorrhoea.
D)HIV infection.
E)hepatitis B.

Question 26

Chlamydia trachomatis causes

A)lymphogranuloma venereum.
B)non-gonococcal urethritis.
C)salpingitis.
D)cervicitis.
E)all of the above.

Question 27

Chancroid is

A)the primary lesion of syphilis.
B)caused by Haemophilus influenzae.
C)rare in Australia but is notifiable in most states.
D)an outcome of chronic chlamydial infection.
E)not able to be treated with antibiotics.

Question 28

Non-specific urethritis is caused by

A)Neisseria gonorrhoea.
B)Chlamydia trachomatis.
C)Trichomona vaginalis.
D)Non-infectious causes.
E)All of the above.

Question 29

Which of the following causes recurring vesicular blisters on the genitalia?

A)Herpes simplex type 2 virus.
B)Papillomavirus.
C)Treponema pallidum.
D)Candida albicans.
E)The gonococcus.

Question 30

Genital herpes is

A)caused by herpes simplex type 1 and 2 viruses.
B)not preventable by vaccination.
C)transmitted whether or not lesions exist.
D)not always symptomatic.
E)all of the above.

Question 31

Donovanosis

A)does not occur in Australia.
B)is caused by the bacterium Klebsiella granulomatis.
C)characteristically is a urethritis in men and women.
D)all of the above.
E)none of the above.

Question 32

The non-specific screening test for syphilis that detects reagin in patient serum is the

A)Frei test.
B)VDRL.
C)FTA-ABS test.
D)Wassermann test.
E)TPPA test.

Question 33

Bacterial vaginosis

A)is characterised by an abnormal vaginal discharge.
B)is often asymptomatic.
C)is associated with an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota.
D)can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease.
E)all of the above.

Question 34

The microorganisms that break down glycogen in vaginal secretions to form lactic acid

A)are lactobacilli.
B)neutralise the normal alkaline pH of the vagina.
C)cause vaginitis.
D)are yeasts.
E)none of the above.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Chlamydial infections are treated with penicillin.
B)Chlamydia is rarely seen in Aboriginal people or in remote areas of Australia.
C)Chlamydia infection can cause pelvic inflammatory disease.
D)Chlamydia infection is always symptomatic.
E)Chlamydia does not affect koalas.

Question 36

Human papillomavirus vaccines

A)protect against only some papillomaviruses.
B)partially protect against cervical cancer.
C)have not eliminated the need for the Pap smear test.
D)are not useful for treating existing infections.
E)all of the above.

Question 37

In between attacks of genital herpes,the causative agent

A)exists within nerve cells.
B)is easily obtained by culture of nerve tissue.
C)can be found in genital secretions by Gram staining.
D)is never present in genital secretions.
E)has entered the bloodstream.

Question 38

Which of the following statements about genital herpes is FALSE?

A)It can be caused by herpes simplex virus type 1.
B)It is transmitted sexually.
C)It may cause neonatal encephalitis.
D)It can be completely treated with aciclovir.
E)It can be diagnosed by antibody detection in serum.

Question 39

Genital warts

A)is often an asymptomatic infection.
B)are caused by papillomaviruses.
C)are strongly linked with cervical carcinoma.
D)all of the above.
E)none of the above.

Question 40

Pelvic inflammatory disease most often results from infection with

A)Treponema pallidum.
B)lymphogranuloma venereum.
C)herpes simplex type 1 virus.
D)Chlamydia trachomatis.
E)papillomavirus.