Deck 13: Architecture and Urban Design

Question 1

__________,primarily used for covering roofs of structures,acquire their strength from the fact that the sides of a triangle,once joined,cannot be forced out of shape.

A) ​Pendentives 
B) ​Shingles 
C) ​Balloon framings 
D) ​Trusses 
E) ​Clapboards

Answer 1

  D

Question 2

Richard Morris Hunt's Griswold House,built in 1863,was designed in the short-lived __________ style.Its exterior treatment resembled an assemblage of matchsticks with many turrets,gables,and dormers.

A) ​Cape Cod 
B) ​Salt Box 
C) ​Romanesque 
D) ​Bungalow 
E) ​Stick

Answer 2

  E

Question 3

Nineteenth-century industrialization led to the development of __________ as a building material,and it was the first material to allow the erection of tall buildings with relatively slender walls.

A) ​cast iron 
B) ​steel 
C) ​reinforced concrete 
D) ​veneer 
E) ​treated wood

Answer 3

  A

Question 4

The 17,000 almost identical small homes built in post-World War II Levittown,New York,are a reflection of the __________.

A) ​war's adverse effect on the United States economy 
B) ​need for mass suburban housing for growing metropolitan areas 
C) ​lack of architectural creativity after war 
D) ​influence of Japanese design models on the United States 
E) ​advent of prefabrication in the housing market

Question 5

The original idea for reinforced concrete began in the 1860s with Jacques Monier,who proposed strengthening concrete __________ with wire mesh.

A) pavers​ 
B) ​sidewalks 
C) ​benches 
D) ​garden statuary 
E) ​flowerpots

Question 6

One of the best-preserved ancient Roman aqueduct systems is the __________ near Nimes,France.The __________ of the limestone blocks allowed for the weight of three tiers of arches.

A) ​Ponte Vecchio; centering 
B) ​Pont du Gard; compressive strength 
C) ​Pont du Nimes; voussoirs 
D) ​Ponte Neuf; keystone 
E) ​Pont du Seine; mortar

Question 7

The interior of the Egyptian temple of Amen-Re at Karnak is filled by a virtual forest of columns because of the __________.

A) ​sacred nature of the structure 
B) ​weight of the massive stone posts 
C) ​need for surfaces for the many relief sculptures 
D) ​lack of fenestration 
E) ​weight of the massive stone lintels

Question 8

The Incan fortress of Machu Picchu is considered to be __________ construction,as it was built without any mortar.

A) ​masonry 
B) ​veneer 
C) ​compressive strength 
D) ​dry masonry 
E) ​tier

Question 9

__________ designed a type of shell architecture for the American Pavilion at Expo 67 in Montreal,known as the __________.

A) ​Philip Johnson; coffered dome 
B) ​Ludwig Miës van der Rohe; shell dome 
C) ​Buckminster Fuller; geodesic dome 
D) ​Eero Saarinen; TWA dome 
E) ​Moshe Safdie; habitat dome

Question 10

In Frank Lloyd Wright's famous Fallingwater,he made use of reinforced concrete to produce __________.

A) ​cantilevered decks 
B) ​curving walls 
C) ​a biomorphic, curving roof 
D) ​cavernous interior sloping walls 
E) ​a waterfall

Question 11

The Native American dwellings at Mesa Verde,Colorado,used __________ as part of the back support for more than 100 rectangular __________.

A) forests; houses​ 
B) ​cliff walls; apartments 
C) ​earth flooring; kivas 
D) ​stones; huts 
E) ​adobe; temples

Question 12

Which of the following statements about steel cable construction,first used to build the Brooklyn Bridge,is not true? 

A) ​It has great tensile strength. 
B) ​Its many parallel wires share the stress. 
C) ​It is flexible, allowing the roadway underneath to sway. 
D) ​It can only span very short distances. 
E) ​It can be aesthetically pleasing.

Question 13

St.Étienne was one of the first cathedrals to use true ribbed vaulting,allowing a(n)__________ to be pierced through the walls from which light could enter the nave of the church.

A) ​arch 
B) ​pendentive 
C) ​buttress 
D) ​clerestory 
E) ​pier

Question 14

The Eiffel Tower's magnificent iron trusses were __________.

A) ​decorated pilasters and cornices 
B) ​vaulted 
C) ​prefabricated 
D) ​covered with plate-glass 
E) ​natural and organic curved shapes

Question 15

Lacy buttressing and ample ___________lend Gothic buildings an airy lightness that seems consonant with their mission of directing upward the focus of human awareness.

A) ​webbing 
B) ​buttressing 
C) ​pendentives 
D) ​piers 
E) ​fenestration

Question 16

Originally a derisive term,__________ uses mass produced,light,easily handled cuts of wood and metal nails for the assembly of millions of homes and small buildings on site.

A) ​post and beam 
B) ​plywood construction 
C) ​balloon framing 
D) ​prefabricated construction 
E) ​cast-iron construction

Question 17

The assertive clashing of shapes in Frank Gehry's high-tech Ray and Maria Stata Center at MIT symbolizes __________.

A) ​the coming of a new age 
B) ​collaboration and interaction 
C) ​a battle between tradition and technology 
D) ​the end of steel-cage construction 
E) ​the disparate disciplines that will be housed in the structure

Question 18

The prehistoric Stonehenge is one of the earliest examples of __________ construction,in which two stones were set vertically and a third stone laid across them,creating an opening beneath.

A) ​vault 
B) ​arch 
C) ​post-and-lintel 
D) ​dome 
E) ​half timber

Question 19

__________ are constructed by placing barrel vaults at right angles to cover a square space known as a __________.

A) ​Arches; vault 
B) ​Ribs; clerestory 
C) ​Groin vaults; bay 
D) ​Pendentives; pier 
E) ​Domes; voussoir

Question 20

Louis Sullivan's rigid horizontal and vertical processions of façade elements that suggest the regularity of the spaces within his Wainwright Building reinforce Sullivan's famous motto that __________.

A) ​"less is more" 
B) ​"function follows form" 
C) ​"architecture completes nature" 
D) ​"form follows function" 
E) ​"the mother art is architecture"

Question 21

What is Le Corbusier's Chapel of Notre Dame du Haut an example of?

Question 22

What was the Crystal Palace; how was it built; what was it used for; and what was Joseph Paxton's inspiration?

Question 23

Discuss the advantages of the use of steel as a construction material,especially for tall buildings and skyscrapers.

Question 24

Explain why an architect must be not only an artist but also a mediator and compromiser.What are some of the variables that must be dealt with by an architect?

Question 25

Why can rounded arches enclose only square bays,and what adjustment must be made to obtain a rectangular bay?

Question 26

Discuss the advantages of ferroconcrete and how it has allowed the architect more freedom as a designer.

Question 27

List and provide an example of three functions of arches.

Question 28

What are the advantages and disadvantages of wood as a building material? How has modern technology helped to overcome some of the disadvantages?

Question 29

Identify four examples of peoples who had to rely on local materials to build their shelters.Describe the materials that they used.

Question 30

How are fabric roofs held up in sports arenas?

Question 31

Peter Testa believes we "need to rethink how we assemble buildings" and has designed a high-rise tower out of __________.

A) ​titanium 
B) ​composite materials 
C) ​fiber glass woven with steel 
D) ​rhodium and high-tech plastic 
E) ​a titanium and fiber glass composite

Question 32

What is the definition of architecture?

Question 33

Concerning the field of architecture,analyze what you believe is meant by the saying "Convention gets built; innovation gets published."