Deck 19: The Modern ERA

Question 1

__________ was an American Expatriate painter who spent most of her life in France primarily painting scenes of women and children.

A) ​Angelica Kauffman 
B) ​Mary Cassatt 
C) ​Georgia O'Keeffe 
D) ​Harriet Powers 
E) ​Berthe Morisot

Answer 1

  B

Question 2

James Abbott McNeill Whistler's Arrangement in Black and Gray: The Artist's Mother exhibits a combination of realism and abstraction that was strongly influenced by __________.

A) ​Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and posters 
B) ​Francisco Goya and Impressionism 
C) ​Édouard Manet and Renaissance sketches 
D) ​Gustave Courbet and Japanese prints 
E) ​Paul Cézanne and photography

Answer 2

  D

Question 3

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec's deformity led to an alienation from his family,so he instead found a home in __________,as depicted in At the Moulin Rouge.

A) ​Arles with van Gogh 
B) ​the streets of Paris with the homeless 
C) ​an asylum in Paris 
D) ​the seamy outskirts of Paris 
E) ​the cabarets, cafes, and bordellos of Paris

Answer 3

  E

Question 4

Of all of the Impressionists,Pierre-Auguste Renoir was the __________,as evidenced in his Le Moulin de la Galette.

A) ​best seascape painter 
B) ​best still life painter 
C) ​most significant figure painter 
D) ​most intrigued with the Parisian demimonde 
E) ​least interested in loose, quick brushstrokes

Question 5

The Neoclassical style is characterized by all of the following except __________.

A) ​harsh sculptural lines 
B) ​a subdued palette 
C) ​virtuoso brushwork and a brilliant palette 
D) ​planar instead of linear recession into space 
E) ​an emphasis on heightened moral standards

Question 6

The modern Realist painters of the nineteenth century,including Honoré Daumier and Édouard Manet,were bound by all of the following except they __________.

A) ​chose to depict subjects from everyday life 
B) ​attempted to paint objects as they saw them optically 
C) ​were preoccupied with the science of optics 
D) ​emphasized the two-dimensionality of the canvas 
E) ​highlighted the physical properties of their pigments

Question 7

In his __________,Vincent van Gogh's vibrant colors,characteristic long,thin strokes and feverish application of paint creates an emotionalism that turns a sleepy town into a cosmic display.

A) ​Vision After the Sermon 
B) ​Starry Night 
C) ​At the Moulin Rouge 
D) ​The Oxbow 
E) ​Nymphs and Satyr

Question 8

What was modern about the "new" art of the late-18th century in France was its concept of __________.The first period of modern art to use planar recession was __________.

A) ​color; Realism 
B) ​space; Neoclassicism 
C) ​texture; Impressionism 
D) ​line; Romanticism 
E) ​light; Expressionism

Question 9

Which of the following statements about Edgar Degas is not true? 

A) ​He was a superb draftsman who studied under Ingres. 
B) ​He had exhibited at the Salon before joining the Impressionists. 
C) ​He was strongly influenced by Japanese prints. 
D) ​His pictorial spatial organization was derived from Renaissance prototypes. 
E) ​He was fascinated by the new art of photography.

Question 10

As depicted in Le Déjeuner sur l'Herbe,Édouard Manet utilized all but one of the following "modern" painting techniques: 

A) ​He began with a white surface and worked to build up dark tones. 
B) ​He applied his pigments flatly and broadly. 
C) ​His seated nude woman stares at the viewer, making him a voyeur. 
D) ​He modeled his figures using chiaroscuro. 
E) ​He captured the impression of a fleeting moment.

Question 11

The setting of Édouard Manet's reclining nude figure of Olympia is a(n)__________.

A) ​upscale apartment in Paris's eighth arrondissement 
B) ​lush Tahitian landscape 
C) ​blue bedroom 
D) ​lavish bedchamber in a Venetian villa 
E) ​bordello of the Parisian demimonde

Question 12

It is obvious that Paul Gauguin's Vision After the Sermon is a Synthetic painting because __________.

A) ​of the flatly painted forms 
B) ​the lighting is very dramatic 
C) ​it combines unnaturalistic color with symbolism 
D) ​it is so shockingly realistic 
E) ​of the dreamlike state of the Breton women

Question 13

The dissolution of surfaces and study of local color was central to __________ art,which is dramatically evident in a series of canvases depicting __________ from a variety of angles during different times of day and seasons.

A) ​Pierre-Auguste Renoir's; The Garden of Montmartre 
B) ​Claude Monet's; Rouen Cathedral 
C) ​Paul Cézanne's; Mont Sainte-Victoire 
D) ​Édouard Manet's; Haystacks 
E) ​Edgar Degas'; The Absinthe Drinkers

Question 14

Francisco Goya,who was neither Neoclassicist nor Romantic,is best known for his __________,one of the most famous of which is The Third of May,1808.

A) ​graphic representation of man's inhumanity to man 
B) ​macabre depictions of fearful creatures 
C) ​seascapes of the Spanish coastline 
D) ​portraits of Spanish royalty 
E) ​caricatures of the lower classes

Question 15

In the Grande Odalisque,the articulation of the heavy drapery contrasts with the crisp treatment of the linens and sensual lines of the harem mistress's body,revealing that,above all else,Ingres was a __________.

A) ​stark realist 
B) ​supreme colorist 
C) ​painter of the Parisian demimonde 
D) ​magnificent draftsman 
E) ​painter of genre subjects

Question 16

The most famous Rubeniste and Ingres's archrival was __________,whose dynamic painting of The Death of Sardanapalus was inspired by a tragedy by __________.

A) ​Gericault; Keats 
B) ​Constable; Coleridge 
C) ​J.M.W. Turner; Shelley 
D) ​Goya; Wordsworth 
E) ​Delacroix; Byron

Question 17

The movement away from a realistic representation of subjects toward abstraction took many forms,but Paul Cézanne led the way toward modernism with his __________,as seen in his Still Life with Basket of Apples.

A) ​drastic collapsing of space, forcing imagery to the picture plane 
B) ​roughly painted forms 
C) ​disintegrating light 
D) ​tightly painted and highly patterned compositions 
E) ​loose brushstrokes

Question 18

In The Outbreak,Käthe Kollwitz tried to symbolize __________ through her forceful depiction of the sixteenth-century Peasants' War.

A) ​isolation 
B) ​rage 
C) ​inhumanity, injustice, and humankind's destruction of itself 
D) ​disgust 
E) ​the futility of war

Question 19

"I saw the flaming clouds like blood and a sword-the bluish-black fjord and town-my friends walked on-I stood there-trembling with anxiety-and I felt as though Nature were convulsed by a great unending scream." This quote is describing __________.

A) ​Käthe Kollwitz's The Scream 
B) ​Edvard Munch's The Outbreak 
C) ​Käthe Kollwitz's The Outbreak 
D) ​Edvard Munch's The Scream 
E) ​Vincent van Gogh's Self Portrait with Bandaged Ear

Question 20

The Post-Impressionist Georges Seurat's painting technique is known as __________,which is a meticulous application of pigment that he derived from the study of __________.

A) ​stippling; aquatints 
B) ​optical color; light theories 
C) ​Synthetism; prisms 
D) ​color-field painting; Venetian paintings 
E) ​Pointillism; color theories

Question 21

Compare and contrast Titian's Venus of Urbino with Manet's Olympia.

Question 22

Architect Benjamin Latrobe was responsible for which of the following designs? 

A) ​The layout of the boulevards and vistas in Washington, DC 
B) ​The layout of Arlington National cemetery 
C) ​The designs for the University of Virginia 
D) ​The design for the Oval Office 
E) ​The design for the Washington Monument

Question 23

Discuss the style and popularity of Academic art,especially as embodied in the work of Adolphe William Bouguereau.

Question 24

On what two levels did the "modern" painters of the nineteenth century object to Academic art?

Question 25

The famous Neoclassical painter __________ painted herself into her allegorical work entitled The Artist in the Character of Design Listening to the Inspiration of Poetry.

A) ​Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun 
B) ​Maria Cosway 
C) ​Angelica Kauffman 
D) ​Patience Wright 
E) ​Marguerite Gerard

Question 26

Who were the American Expatriates?

Question 27

Discuss how the Impressionists came to be influenced by Japanese prints and,providing an example,show how this influence is depicted in Degas's painting.

Question 28

Describe the tragedy that occurred with the Medusa,and explain why Theodore Gericault chose to depict the event.

Question 29

Discuss the subject matter and the use of classical compositional devices in Jacques-Louis David's The Oath of the Horatii.

Question 30

Contrast the stylistic differences between the Rubenistes and the Poussinistes,and provide an example from each camp.

Question 31

Identify three various opinions as to when modern art began.

Question 32

For his Neoclassical sculpture of Pauline Borghese,Antonio Canova chose to portray her as __________.

A) ​Eros 
B) ​Venus 
C) ​Demeter 
D) ​Diana 
E) ​a Muse

Question 33

What contemporaneous events that occurred during the Napoleonic period fueled a renewed interest in antiquity?

Question 34

Explain why Cézanne's compositional innovations can be said to have ushered in the modern twentieth-century fascination with abstraction.

Question 35

The shocking realism depicted in Thomas Eakins's The Gross Clinic stems from his __________.

A) ​training as a surgeon 
B) ​close observation of wounded soldiers in the Civil War 
C) ​commitment to Gustave Courbet's realist philosophy 
D) ​morbid psychological state 
E) ​experience working with live models and dissecting corpses

Question 36

The Hudson River School was a group of artists who painted the beauty of the natural American landscape with a sense of romanticism that was embodied in the writings of __________.

A) ​James Fenimore Cooper 
B) ​Horatio Alger 
C) ​Herman Melville 
D) ​Nathaniel Hawthorne 
E) ​Washington Irving

Question 37

Into what two stylistically divergent groups did the Post-Impressionists fall?

Question 38

Discuss the Art Nouveau style and how and where it was used.

Question 39

Explain why Édouard Manet's Le Déjeuner sur l'Herbe is considered a pivotal work in the rise of the Impressionist movement and what about it was so shocking to the average Parisian.

Question 40

Explain Gustave Courbet's approach to painting and how and why it was viewed so negatively by critics and the public.