Deck 1: Health in the 21st Century

Question 1

One public health initiative that has contributed to improvements in healthy behaviors and an increase in life expectancy in the United States is

A) Healthy People 2020.
B) Decreased outreach programs across ethic groups.
C) Requiring fewer vaccinations for school aged children.
D) Increased physical education classes in the US.

Answer 1

Healthy People 2020.

Question 2

Recall Corey's Student Story in the chapter. Corey is the student who has a large scar from surgery to correct a skeletal condition. Based on his story, he is

A) at the low end of the wellness continuum.
B) at the high end of the wellness continuum.
C) moving in a negative direction in the wellness continuum.
D) in a diseased state.

Answer 2

at the high end of the wellness continuum.

Question 3

The Healthy Campus initiative is

A) a federal initiative to facilitate broad, positive health changes in the U.S. population.
B) an initiative that allows colleges to focus on goals that are most relevant to their population.
C) a mandatory high school program focused on decreasing alcohol and drug abuse.
D) a program outlining college campus progress towards meeting Healthy People 2020 goals.

Answer 3

an initiative that allows colleges to focus on goals that are most relevant to their population.

Question 4

The highest rates of hypertension are found in this ethnic population.

A) Asian Americans
B) Caucasian Americans
C) African Americans
D) Native Americans

Question 5

Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between college achievement and student health?

A) Stress has a positive effect on college achievement.
B) Exercising regularly significantly decreases academic performance because it decreases study time.
C) Tobacco use can increase academic performance since nicotine is a stimulant drug.
D) Negative health behaviors and illness can decrease academic performance.

Question 6

Intellectual health is characterized by

A) being physically active.
B) an openness to new ideas and skills and a capacity to think critically.
C) the ability to perceive reality accurately.
D) satisfying interactions with friends and family.

Question 7

The leading cause of death in 15-24 year olds in the United States is

A) heart disease.
B) accidents/unintentional injuries.
C) cancer.
D) suicide.

Question 8

The most common health problem reported by students in a recent nationwide study was

A) allergies.
B) bronchitis.
C) strep throat.
D) sinus infection.

Question 9

Under- and mal-nourishment, a major concern in developing countries can lead to

A) increases in infection susceptibility.
B) HIV infection.
C) antibiotic resistance.
D) type II diabetes.

Question 10

The four keys to good physical health include all of the following except

A) not smoking.
B) following healthy eating habits.
C) practicing relaxation techniques.
D) exercising regularly.

Question 11

Infectious disease is a global health concern because

A) airplane travel is a primary means of spreading the diseases.
B) countries with more economic development face diseases that have been eradicated from other areas.
C) vitamin and mineral deficiencies in the United States and Europe have increased the prevalence of deficiency diseases, such as rickets and scurvy.
D) some infections have become resistant to treatment.

Question 12

Psychological health is a broad category that encompasses all of the following except

A) having healthy relationships.
B) being physically fit.
C) having autonomy.
D) continually growing as a person.

Question 13

All of the following are true regarding college students and chronic illness risks except

A) college students experience lower rates of chronic illness than the adult population as a whole.
B) over 50% of all college students meet the American Heart Association's recommendations for physical activity.
C) the majority of students report being at a healthy weight.
D) college students often engage in behaviors that increase the risk of developing chronic illnesses.

Question 14

Which of the following statements best defines the term disease as we understand it today?

A) It is a subjective state in which a person feels ill.
B) It is an alteration of a perception of feeling ill.
C) It is an imbalance of the body's internal fluids.
D) It is an alteration in body structure or biochemistry that causes the body's regulatory mechanisms to fail.

Question 15

The current life expectancy at birth in the United States is

A) 67.7 years.
B) 72.7 years.
C) 78.8 years.
D) 82.7 years.

Question 16

Commonly, college students exhibit behaviors that may lead to chronic disease in adulthood, including

A) Students maintain a healthy body weight.
B) Less than half of college students meet national recommendations for physical activity.
C) Students are less likely to binge drink and engage in recreational drug use.
D) Students develop healthy sleep habits over the course of their college years.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true regarding college students' health behaviors?

A) Unhealthy eating habits and physical inactivity are common for college students.
B) Research shows that students underestimate how many of their peers regularly use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs.
C) Over 50% reported their health as fair to poor.
D) Over 50% meet the national recommendations for moderate physical activity.

Question 18

One of the two primary initiatives of Healthy People 2020 is to explore

A) strategies to increase awareness about immunizations.
B) strategies to decrease substance abuse.
C) strategies to achieve health equity for all people.
D) techniques to improve mental health.

Question 19

Infectious diseases, such as malaria and cholera are a common problem in

A) the United States.
B) Northern Europe.
C) Canada.
D) Africa and Asia.

Question 20

According to a recent nationwide study on student health, most students describe their health as

A) very good or excellent.
B) good.
C) fair.
D) poor.

Question 21

Which of the following terms describes health discrepancies/variations between wealthier and less affluent families?

A) Socioeconomic status
B) Cultural norms
C) Social biological differences
D) Status syndrome

Question 22

A growing number of consumers are seeking health information on the internet.

Question 23

Self efficacy, as it relates to behavior change,

A) the belief that you can make successful change.
B) demonstrating a lack of personal control over a situation.
C) the view that you should avoid thinking about a difficult situation.
D) waiting to take action to change a behavior until you are sure of the outcome.

Question 24

When looking for health information online, you should

A) avoid sites with URLs that end with ".gov".
B) stick to commercial sites advertising products and services.
C) seek out sites with reputable professional accreditations.
D) prioritize sites that are attractively designed.

Question 25

Health literacy includes the ability to

A) understand and evaluate health information, and follow medical instructions.
B) make medical choices based on gut instinct.
C) decide what medications are actually necessary to treat a condition.
D) describe symptoms to a physician.

Question 26

The theory that a person progresses through six stages of change before achieving sustained behavior change is known as the

A) stress-diasthesis model.
B) transtheoretical model.
C) health belief model.
D) general adaptation syndrome model.

Question 27

Proven strategies for successful behavior change include

A) learning behaviors by watching others fail repeated.
B) only considering making significant changes.
C) setting small, attainable goals.
D) stating change in the negative voice.

Question 28

Which of the following factor in the Health Belief Model of behavior change help in predicting the likelihood of behavior change?

A) Perceived unlikely threat
B) Perceived benefit healthy of change
C) External cues to action
D) Positive reinforcement

Question 29

Which of the following is true regarding the Maintenance stage of the Stages of Change Model?

A) The new behavior is maintained for only 3 months.
B) Relapses are unlikely.
C) It can last months or even years.
D) There is no longer a need to work actively to keep from reverting back to old habits.

Question 30

Kara wants to start jogging for exercise, has just bought a pair of shoes and workout clothes, and has signed up to join a jogging group. Based on this information, what stage in the Stages of Change model is Kara in?

A) Contemplation
B) Preparation
C) Action
D) Maintenance

Question 31

Global health concerns include rising levels of obesity, resistance to antibiotics and

A) tobacco use.
B) teen pregnancies.
C) nutritional deficiencies.
D) increasing incidents of diabetes.

Question 32

Which of the following is true with respect to differences in health outcomes between men and women?

A) Women tend to live about 4 years longer than men.
B) Women have higher rates of heart disease.
C) Women are more likely to experience high blood pressure.
D) Women are more likely to abuse alcohol.

Question 33

Chronic disease rates in the United States are lowest for

A) Hispanics.
B) African Americans.
C) Asian Americans.
D) Native Americans.

Question 34

The top three causes of death in the United States are lifestyle-related diseases.

Question 35

Rewarding yourself for successfully quitting smoking would be an example of a(n)

A) predisposing factor in behavior change.
B) enabling factor in behavior change.
C) reinforcing factor in behavior change.
D) self-efficacy factor in behavior change.

Question 36

"Globesity" refers to

A) increased global rates of HIV.
B) increased global rates of infectious diseases.
C) nutritional diseases around the world.
D) increased global rates of obesity.

Question 37

An article about the results of the latest study on the health effects of vitamin B₁₂ is more credible if it is

A) carried out by an individual organization that sells a B₁₂ product.
B) the first study showing a health benefit for taking vitamin B₁₂.
C) supported by other researchers who have replicated the same results.
D) lacking information about how the study was funded.

Question 38

Janet eats a large doughnut every morning with her coffee. Since she wants to decrease her intake of foods high in sugar and fat, she plans to start substituting a whole-wheat bagel for the doughnuts. She is practicing this strategy.

A) Self-discipline
B) Cue control
C) Counter conditioning
D) Health belief

Question 39

Which of the following are examples of enabling factors that influence health behavior?

A) The financial ability to afford health care and personal motivation.
B) Local availability of fresh produce and low family income.
C) Negative pressure from friends and family, and willpower.
D) A family history of cancer and enrollment in Medicare.

Question 40

The demographic group with the highest rate of cancers is

A) Hispanics.
B) African American males.
C) Native Americans.
D) Caucasians females.

Question 41

Native Americans have the lowest rates of diabetes in the world.

Question 42

If you have a strong internal locus of control, you think that external events are out of your control.

Question 43

If a person is thinking about making a behavior change in the next few months, he/she has entered the precontemplation phase of the Transtheoretical Model.

Question 44

A person with an external locus of control has higher self-efficacy than someone with an internal locus of control.

Question 45

Colleges who participate in the Healthy Campus initiative can choose which health issues they want to focus on improving.

Question 46

A person suffering from a high level of stress will be moving in the negative direction of the wellness continuum regardless of efforts to manage the stress.

Question 47

Telling yourself "I can train and run a 10K road race" is an example of "shaping."

Question 48

Though individual factors influence our health, we all have the same basic health needs.

Question 49

People who are underinsured are likely to have preventative screenings as higher income Americans.

Question 50

Societal pressures can undermine the emotional wellness of gay, lesbian, and transgender adults.

Question 51

Being respected by coworkers is one sign of occupational health.

Question 52

The Affordable Care Act has created exchange markets where the uninsured can purchase health insurance.

Question 53

According to research on student behaviors, over 40% smoke marijuana.

Question 54

State, local, and federal policies can indirectly have a positive effect on health.

Question 55

Health literacy is the ability to evaluate and understand health information and make informed choices for your own health care.

Question 56

Student health influences whether a college meets its goal of providing the best education possible.

Question 57

Encouragements and rewards that promote positive behavior change are examples of predisposing factors.

Question 58

A person's attitude toward screening to detect diseases can be a predisposing factor that influences health behavior.

Question 59

Geographical differences such as air pollution and proximity to trauma centers can affect a person's health risks.

Question 60

Poverty is an example of a physical determinate of health.

Question 61

The first stage of change in the transtheoretical model of behavior change is understanding the severity of the behavior.

Question 62

Healthy Campus is an offshoot of the Healthy People initiative, specifically geared toward high school students.

Question 63

A person with an external locus of control believes that the ability to change is out of his/her control.

Question 64

The process of actively making choices to improve one's health is known as physical well-being.

Question 65

The ecological model of behavior change is based on an individual following three steps to achieve a change.

Question 66

Social networks can provide an opportunity for health advocacy.

Question 67

Health disparities are differences in quality of health among various segments of the population.

Question 68

The health belief model is a model of behavior change emphasizing personal beliefs in the process of creating effective change.

Question 69

Health literacy can be enhanced by the availability of medically-based websites.

Question 70

Ariana has started an exercise program to increase her strength for cheerleading. She follows her coaches' workout routines. She is practicing the technique of modeling.

Question 71

Healthy People 2020 takes an economical approach to health.

Question 72

Since Maria is fearful of heart disease, she is more likely to start exercising.

Question 73

"Media" includes books, magazines, newspapers, television, the internet, and advertising.

Question 74

SMART goals should be based on those of celebrities in magazines who have been successful at losing weight or gaining muscle.

Question 75

Many Americans use search engines for information about their health.

Question 76

Sites that end in ".gov" or ".edu" are more likely to provide credible information than ".com" sites.

Question 77

Russ blames his lack of skills in math for his poor grades. He has an internal locus of control.

Question 78

Encouragements or rewards that promote positive behavior change are called reinforcing factors.

Question 79

Give some examples of basic behavior change strategies people can use to increase their physical activity.

Question 80

Choose a health behavior and using the transtheoretical model, outline the stages a person would progress through while trying to change the behavior.