Deck 13: Corrections

Question 1

About half of incarcerated persons are in jail.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Ideas about punishment have changed to reflect the ideological priorities of the times.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The rehabilitation model of corrections involved recommendations regarding behavioral changes from social scientists.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Private prisons have lower operating costs than state prisons.

Question 5

Correctional goals and methods are never influenced by social and political values.

Question 6

Jails are typically populated with poorly educated and low-income people.

Question 7

The Quakers of Pennsylvania were instrumental in prison reform.

Question 8

Under the New York System,prisoners produced goods for sale to cover operating costs.

Question 9

There is no significant difference between jails and prisons.

Question 10

Almost one-half of the incarcerated population is comprised of women.

Question 11

A basic principle of the Pennsylvania System was an emphasis on social interaction among prisoners.

Question 12

The federal government provides all funding for American prisons.

Question 13

Jails are operated locally by elected officials.

Question 14

Jails are predominantly filled with women.

Question 15

Jails house persons who are awaiting trial or have been sentenced to less than one year of incarceration.

Question 16

Physical punishment,such as flogging,has never been a part of the American correctional paradigm.

Question 17

After the 19th century,female prisoners were treated no differently than male prisoners.

Question 18

All states run their prisons in an identical manner.

Question 19

Private prisons are a $3 billion industry.

Question 20

Private prisons are less flexible than state prisons.

Question 21

The War on Drugs has drastically reduced drug use.

Question 22

Throughout most of the 20th century,the number of persons incarcerated either declined or remained stable.

Question 23

Police must demonstrate reasonable suspicion before searching a parolee.

Question 24

The states in the northeastern United States have shown the largest increase in prison populations.

Question 25

Which penitentiary first used the technique of isolation?

A)Elmira
B)Pennsylvania
C)Cincinnati
D)San Francisco

Question 26

What system held prisoners in isolation at night and made them work with fellow prisoners in shops during the day?

A)Medical
B)Congregate
C)Separate confinement
D)Crime control

Question 27

The ________ model assumed that the goal of corrections should be to reintegrate the offender into the community.

A)congregate
B)medical
C)rehabilitation
D)community corrections

Question 28

The period of history during which philosophers and reformers challenged the prison tradition with new ideas about the individual,limits of government,and rationalism was called

A)the Enlightenment.
B)the Renaissance.
C)the Civil War.
D)Reconstruction.

Question 29

Courts have required decent treatment and minimum health standards for prisoners,making it unconstitutional for officials to show deliberate indifference.

Question 30

Although the incarcerated population more than quadrupling during the past 30 years,the number of parolees has decreased.

Question 31

Unlike probationers,parolees have a limited right to an attorney.

Question 32

Which of the following signaled a new round of reform in prisons by focusing on the moral regeneration of criminals as the goal of punishment?

A)Cincinnati Declaration of Principles
B)Declaration of Independence
C)New York Declaration of Prisons
D)Pennsylvania Declaration of Penology

Question 33

During the 19th century,which of the following was not a principle that guided female prison reform?

A)The separation of women prisoners from men
B)The provision of care in keeping with the needs of women
C)The management of women's prisons by female staff
D)The separation of women prisoners from their children

Question 34

Cooper v.Pate (1964)signaled the end of the "hands-off" policy.

Question 35

After the 1960s,most courts maintained a "hands-off" policy with respect to corrections.

Question 36

It is not permissible for prison officials to place a ban on mail correspondence between prisoners in different facilities.

Question 37

The Cincinnati Declaration of Principles occurred in ________.

A)1770
B)1870
C)1920
D)1970

Question 38

In recent years,the Supreme Court has decided many cases that expanded prisoners' rights.

Question 39

One explanation for the increase in the incarceration rate in the 1990s was the increase in the number of arrests.

Question 40

The Declaration of Principles argued that prisons should operate according to a philosophy of inmate punishment.

Question 41

Which of the following is true concerning incarceration rates in Europe and the United States?

A)Europe and the United States have similar incarceration rates.
B)Europe has a higher incarceration rate.
C)The United States has a higher incarceration rate.
D)Europe and the United States have identical incarceration rates.

Question 42

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that police do not need to show reasonable suspicion to search a parolee?

A)Monell v.Department of Social Services for the City of New York (1978)
B)Morrissey v.Brewer (1972)
C)Samson v.California (2006)
D)Cooper v.Pate (1964)

Question 43

What type of policy did federal courts generally maintain with respect to the rights of prisoners prior to the 1960s?

A)"Hands-on"-active intervention for many rights
B)"Hands-off"-rarely recognize any rights
C)Intervention for freedom of speech only
D)Intervention to prevent unreasonable searches only

Question 44

Which of the following amendments has been limited the most for prisoners,according to Supreme Court rulings?

A)The First Amendment
B)The Sixth Amendment
C)The Fourth Amendment
D)The Fourteenth Amendment

Question 45

Which of the following is true in comparing federal prisoners with state prisoners?

A)Federal prisoners are more often violent offenders.
B)Federal prisoners are convicted for the same types of crimes as state prisoners.
C)Federal prisoners are less likely to be foreigners.
D)Federal prisoners disproportionately comprise drug offenders.

Question 46

Prisoners' right to due process requires that they

A)be allowed to conduct religious services.
B)be given food and medical care.
C)have access to television and recreation.
D)have hearings when charged with serious disciplinary infractions.

Question 47

Prisoners in _____ typically spend up to twenty-three hours per day in their cells.

A)maximum security
B)supermaximum security
C)minimum security
D)boot camps

Question 48

At the federal level,probation officers are appointed by which of the following?

A)President
B)Congress
C)Federal judiciary
D)Attorney general

Question 49

Which of the following is true about privately run prisons?

A)Private prisons are regarded as more costly.
B)Private prisons are regarded as unreliable.
C)The profit motive can interfere with the quality of service.
D)Private prisons do not have to comply with the standards of federal agencies.

Question 50

Which model makes greatest use of incarceration,longer sentences,mandatory sentences,and strict supervision of probationers and parolees?

A)Congregate model
B)Medical model
C)Rehabilitation model
D)Crime control model

Question 51

Correctional programs are operated by which level(s)of government?

A)Federal only
B)Federal and state only
C)State and county only
D)Federal,state,and county

Question 52

The central idea of the community corrections approach is __________.

A)the most restrictive alternative
B)the least restrictive alternative
C)the idea that criminal sanction should be applied in such a way that all offenders are punished equally
D)the idea that supermax facilities are the most effective,no matter the offender's crime

Question 53

Which of the following factors is not among the plausible explanations presented by Cole and Smith for the growth in the prison population?

A)Tougher sentencing
B)Prison construction
C)The War on Drugs
D)The dramatic increase in the crime rate over the past two decades

Question 54

State correctional facilities are classified according to the

A)size of the prison population.
B)level of security.
C)race of the prisoners.
D)geographic characteristics of the area.

Question 55

The organization of corrections in the United States leaves the primary responsibility for administering prisons with the

A)states.
B)United Nations.
C)regional governing associations.
D)towns.

Question 56

Jails are administered locally by

A)private citizens who volunteer.
B)appointed civil servants.
C)elected officials.
D)off-duty police officers.

Question 57

How long is an inmate typically held in jail?

A)less than twenty-four hours
B)less than one year
C)between three and five years
D)between fifteen and twenty years

Question 58

In all states,the administration of prisons is

A)part of the executive branch.
B)part of the legislative branch.
C)part of the judicial branch.
D)jointly run by the executive and legislative branches.

Question 59

Which of the following best describes the organization of corrections in the United States?

A)Centralized
B)Fragmented
C)Unified
D)Nationalized

Question 60

The Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause protects prisoners against discrimination based on all of the following except:

A)race.
B)gender.
C)religion.
D)sexual orientation.

Question 61

Under the ______ system,inmates were loaned to contractors who provided the prisoners with food and clothing in exchange for their labor.

A)lease
B)contract labor
C)exchange
D)Good Samaritan

Question 62

Which of the following is true concerning crime rates and the prison population since 1991?

A)Crime rates and the prison population are both declining.
B)Crime rates and the prison population are both increasing.
C)Crime rates and the prison population are both stable.
D)Crime rates are decreasing and the prison population is increasing.

Question 63

_____ and high levels of violence are the hallmarks of many jails.

A)Murder
B)Suicide
C)Theft
D)Gangs

Question 64

Jodi is serving a 5-year sentence for assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill.She is incarcerated in the only institution for females in the state.Jodi is most likely serving her sentence in which of the following facilities?

A)State prison
B)Federal prison
C)Jail
D)Immigration court

Question 65

In Holt v.Hobbs,the Supreme Court ruled on

A)the right to grow a beard.
B)the right to be tattooed.
C)the right to receive mail.
D)the right to family visitation.

Question 66

Which of the following is not a principle of the separate confinement system?

A)Prisoners should not be treated vengefully but should be convinced that through hard and selective forms of suffering they can change their lives.
B)Solitary confinement prevents further corruption inside prison.
C)Solitary confinement is less effective due to the nature of humans.
D)In isolation,offenders reflect on their transgressions and repent.

Question 67

Private prisons represent an industry worth _________ annually.

A)$500 million
B)$1 billion
C)$2 billion
D)$3 billion

Question 68

Wesley is serving a 10-month sentence for driving while impaired.Although this is Wesley's second conviction,he has never served time before and is overwhelmed.He regrets his crime and does not know whom to trust.However,before he became a convict,he recalls voting for the __________,who is the manager of the facility where he is incarcerated.

A)warden
B)sheriff
C)chief
D)secretary

Question 69

The Bureau of Prisons enters into contractual agreements with cities to provide which of the following services?

A)Halfway houses
B)Prerelease programs
C)Electronic monitoring
D)All of these are correct.

Question 70

Javier is a citizen of Mexico; however,he has been living illegally in the United States for the last several years with his wife and two young children.He was recently tried and convicted of trafficking heroin across state lines.He received a mandatory 10-year prison sentence.Because Javier is convicted and not a legal citizen of the United States,he would be considered a(n)

A)deportee.
B)unsentenced undocumented immigrant.
C)sentenced undocumented immigrant.
D)sentenced legal immigrant.

Question 71

Which of the following are not subject to deportation if arrested?

A)Illegal immigrants
B)Sentenced illegal immigrants
C)Sentenced legal immigrants
D)The dependents of illegal immigrants

Question 72

Javier is a citizen of Mexico; however,he has been living illegally in the United States for the last several years with his wife and two young children.He was recently tried and convicted of trafficking heroin across state lines.He received a mandatory 10-year prison sentence.He is most likely serving his time in which type of correctional facility?

A)State prison
B)Federal prison
C)Private prison
D)Jail

Question 73

Javier is a citizen of Mexico; however,he has been living illegally in the United States for the last several years with his wife and two young children.He was recently convicted of trafficking heroin across state lines and received a mandatory 10-year prison sentence.While in prison,Javier has little to no contact with the outside world; he is in

A)separate confinement.
B)the contract labor system.
C)the congregate system.
D)the jail system.

Question 74

A ____ is an institution intended to punish criminals by isolating them from society and from one another so they can reflect on their past misdeeds,repent,and reform.

A)jail
B)penitentiary
C)reformatory
D)dormitory

Question 75

Wesley is serving a 10-month sentence for driving while impaired.Although this is Wesley's second conviction,he has never served time before and is overwhelmed.He regrets his crime and does not know whom to trust.He plans to seek help in a treatment facility upon his release.Which of the following statements regarding Wesley is correct?

A)Wesley would not meet any inmates in jail who were arrested for violent crimes like murder.
B)Wesley could meet inmates while in jail who were arrested for violent crimes like murder.
C)Wesley has more rights in county jail than those serving time in state prisons.
D)Wesley is serving with others who have been convicted and sentenced.

Question 76

The __________ is responsible for the punishment of federal offenders.

A)Federal Bureau of Incarceration
B)Federal Bureau of Prisons
C)Federal Bureau of Preventative Crime
D)Federal Bureau of Crime Displacement

Question 77

Javier is a citizen of Mexico; however,he has been living illegally in the United States for the last several years with his wife and two young children.He was recently convicted of trafficking heroin across state lines and received a mandatory 10-year prison sentence.Because Javier's conviction was for a nonviolent offense,he likely will not serve his sentence in a

A)level 2 prison.
B)level 3 prison.
C)level 4 prison.
D)level 5 or "supermax" prison.

Question 78

Wesley is serving a 10-month sentence for driving while impaired.Although this is Wesley's second conviction,he has never served time before and is overwhelmed.He regrets his crime and does not know whom to trust.He plans to seek help in a treatment facility upon his release.Wesley is most likely serving his time in a(n)

A)jail.
B)state prison.
C)federal prison.
D)immigration prison.

Question 79

Javier is a citizen of Mexico; however,he has been living illegally in the United States for the last several years with his wife and two young children.He was recently convicted of trafficking heroin across state lines and received a mandatory 10-year prison sentence.Once Javier completes his 10-year sentence,the next step is

A)halfway house placement.
B)parole.
C)reformatory placement.
D)deportation.

Question 80

Wesley is serving a 10-month sentence for driving while impaired.Although this is Wesley's second conviction,he has never served time before and is overwhelmed.He regrets his crime and does not know whom to trust.He plans to seek help in a treatment facility upon his release.Which of the following groups of individuals will not be serving time in the same facility as Wesley?

A)Those charged with misdemeanors
B)The mentally ill
C)Substance abusers
D)Felons