Deck 1: Crime and Justice in America

Question 1

One of the hallmarks of justice in a democracy is the rights extended to an accused person.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In a democracy,it is easy to maintain public order and protect individual freedom.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The due process model is not concerned with freedom or liberty.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

FBI data show that crime is continually increasing.

Question 5

Criminal justice researchers have a relatively easy time keeping track of the occurrence of crime because of the prevalence of accurate crime data.

Question 6

High-profile criminal cases are typical of the nature of crime in the United States.

Question 7

Visible crimes are typically committed by older career criminals in their 40s.

Question 8

Politicians often try to be "tough on crime" without fully understanding the costs and consequences of such policies.

Question 9

American laws reflect the desire to prevent unnecessary deprivations of liberty.

Question 10

Most countries share a uniform definition of rape.

Question 11

The crime control model suggests that the criminal justice system operates to emphasize efforts to repress crime.

Question 12

Conservatives believe in strict enforcement of the law by expanding police forces.

Question 13

The UCR and NCVS do not provide a clear picture of the amount of crime because of the differences in the way each of them measures crime.

Question 14

The risk of lethal violence is much higher in the United States than in other industrial democracies.

Question 15

Most types of occupational crime are profitable and do not come to the public's attention.

Question 16

The public's attitudes towards drugs and budgetary concerns has led to a reconsideration of the drug policies by government officials.

Question 17

Misdemeanors are usually punished by sentences of more than one year in prison.

Question 18

Legislators write and approve laws in their desire to address problems,please the public,and gain reelection.

Question 19

Crime policies are often enacted that are popular with the public but do little to actually reduce crime.

Question 20

In Western democracies,there are relatively few political crimes.

Question 21

In which of Packer's models would the adversarial system most likely be used?

A)Due process
B)Legislative inquiry
C)Crime control
D)Constitutional liability

Question 22

What entity in our society is primarily responsible for crime and justice issues?

A)Government
B)Interest groups
C)Grassroots groups
D)Scholars

Question 23

Misdemeanors are serious crimes punishable by incarceration of more than one year in prison.

Question 24

Achieving both the goals of controlling crime and protecting the rights of individuals is

A)impossible.
B)easy.
C)difficult.
D)not necessary.

Question 25

Crime and justice are policy issues.

Question 26

Crimes referred to as mala prohibita are considered wrong in themselves.

Question 27

The due process model is viewed as the "obstacle course model."

Question 28

Scholars focused on income policies and social fairness would recommend criminal justice policies that

A)focus on how the wealthy class abuses the criminal justice system.
B)create a correctional system that offers rigid sentences since the poor are affected the most by crime.
C)establish economic and social justice.
D)reflectall of these options.

Question 29

Public order crimes include public drunkenness,vandalism,and disorderly conduct.

Question 30

It is easy to point to specific factors that increase or decrease crime rates.

Question 31

Males in the 16-24 age cohort are the group most likely to commit crimes.

Question 32

Criminal justice can best be seen as a social system.

Question 33

Identity theft is a huge problem that typically affects young,lower-class females.

Question 34

Political crimes against the government are often ideologically driven.

Question 35

According to the text,which of the following groups favors stricter enforcement of the law?

A)Liberals
B)Conservatives
C)Moderates
D)Anarchists

Question 36

American crime rates for many crimes have dropped since the early 1980s.

Question 37

Street crime is one of the least profitable types of crime.

Question 38

Victimless crimes are often mala prohibita offenses and may include gambling,prostitution,and marijuana use.

Question 39

The crime control model is viewed as the "obstacle course model."

Question 40

Men in the 32-36 age cohort are the most crime-prone.

Question 41

Criminal acts either by the government or against the government that are carried out for ideological purposes are called ______ crimes.

A)political
B)victimless
C)visible
D)organized

Question 42

A model of the criminal justice system that emphasizes the adversarial process,the rights of defendants,and formal decision-making procedures is called the ________ model.

A)crime control
B)due process
C)constitutional
D)democratic

Question 43

Which of the following reflects the way the FBI reports crime?

A)UCR
B)NCVS
C)Both UCR and NCVS
D)Neither the UCR or NCVS

Question 44

According to your text,an example of a "visible crime" is

A)murder.
B)espionage.
C)white-collar crime.
D)price fixing.

Question 45

Which of the following is a value that must be respected in a democracy by police,prosecutors,judges,and correctional officials?

A)Rule of law
B)Civil liberties
C)Justice
D)All of these are values that must be respected.

Question 46

Often termed "street crime" or "ordinary crime," this type of crime is the least profitable and least protected.

A)Political
B)Victimless
C)Visible
D)Organized

Question 47

Offenses against morality involving a willing and private exchange of goods and services that are illegal but in strong demand are called ________ crimes.

A)political
B)victimless
C)visible
D)organized

Question 48

A model of the criminal justice system that emphasizes efficiency,speed,and finality as well as the capacity to apprehend,try,convict,and dispose of a high proportion of clients is called the ________ model.

A)crime control
B)due process
C)constitutional
D)democratic

Question 49

Crimes such as murder or assault that are traditionally "wrong in themselves" are called

A)mala prohibita.
B)mala in se.
C)misdemeanors.
D)invisible.

Question 50

A statistical summary of crimes reported to the police is known as the

A)NCVS.
B)dark figure of crime.
C)UCR.
D)NIBRS.

Question 51

Historically associated with images of certain ethnic groups,______ crime is a framework of the perpetration of such criminal acts as gambling,drugs,and prostitution.

A)political
B)victimless
C)visible
D)organized

Question 52

An example of a political crime is

A)prostitution.
B)espionage.
C)selling illegal narcotics.
D)price fixing.

Question 53

An example of an occupational crime is

A)murder.
B)espionage.
C)drug sales.
D)price fixing.

Question 54

The term referring to the idea that much more crime occurs than is reported to police is

A)unspoken crime.
B)dark figure of crime.
C)token crime.
D)invisible crime.

Question 55

After the 1960s,the changes in the way the U.S.dealt with crime reflected the fact that

A)political agendas controlled the response to crime.
B)we cannot avoid making choices about how to use the police,courts,and corrections system most effectively.
C)population changes in specific age groups alter crime rates.
D)one cannot predict legislative changes in crime.

Question 56

Crimes such as gambling or prostitution that are not "wrong in themselves" but are prohibited by government are called

A)mala prohibita.
B)mala in se.
C)felonies.
D)norms.

Question 57

Why does the NCVS not measure homicide?

A)Homicide is not usually reported to the police.
B)Victims of homicide cannot be surveyed.
C)Only victimless crimes are measured by the NCVS.
D)Police departments may lie about their homicide rates.

Question 58

When compared with rates in the United States,Icelandic crime rates are

A)extremely low.
B)low.
C)similar.
D)high.

Question 59

A source of crime data collected from interviews used to gather information on unreported as well as reported crimes is called

A)NCVS.
B)dark figure of crime.
C)UCR.
D)NIBRS.

Question 60

Crimes committed in the context of a legal business or profession are called ______ crimes.

A)political
B)victimless
C)occupational
D)organized

Question 61

James is a vice president of a local banking organization.He and his wife have been in danger of foreclosure on their home after his wife lost her job last year.James recently found out that he can transfer a small percentage of his client's earnings into his own account without drawing the attention of those in power at his organization.He has been able to transfer enough money to break even on their mortgage.He is aware that he is breaking the law but he does not see his crime as being on the same scale as a violent crime.He is also aware that if he is caught,the criminal justice system will go easy on him because he is a first-time client. After he is caught,James quickly learns how to navigate the court system.He is made aware that the state must prove that he is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.This is known as the _____ model.

A)crime control
B)due process
C)criminal justice
D)due justice

Question 62

James is a vice president of a local banking organization.He and his wife have been in danger of foreclosure on their home after his wife lost her job last year.James recently found out that he can transfer a small percentage of his client's earnings into his own account without drawing the attention of those in power at his organization.He has been able to transfer enough money to break even on their mortgage.He is aware that he is breaking the law but he does not see his crime as being on the same scale as a violent crime.He is also aware that if he is caught,the criminal justice system will go easy on him because he is a first-time client. After he is caught,James admits to stealing approximately $100,000 from his employer over the past year through financial deception.This is what Edwin Sutherland referred to as ______ crime.

A)organized
B)felony
C)white-collar
D)white criminal

Question 63

_______ refers to priorities and actions developed by the government to use public resources as a means to deal with issues affecting society.

A)Public policy
B)Justice
C)Evidence-based practice
D)Behavior

Question 64

Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to earn money for her crack habit.She was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years.She has been arrested several times and has no hope that she can make a better life for herself. One night during a planned meeting with one of Sherry's "clients," she is raped,sexually assaulted,and robbed.Sherry does not call and report the crime to law enforcement because of her history.This encounter is an example of the _______ figure of crime.

A)criminal
B)statistical
C)dark
D)true

Question 65

Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to earn money for her crack habit.She was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years.She has been arrested several times and has no hope that she can make a better life for herself. Sherry is arrested for possession with intent to sell after being picked up for prostitution.The judge agrees to a plea bargain that requires Sherry to plead guilty to all charges and accept a five-year prison sentence.She is pushed quickly through the court system.This is an example of the ______ model.

A)Crime control
B)Due process
C)evidence-based
D)justice-based

Question 66

The organization _______ was formed because of a mother's heartbreak after the death of her daughter due to a drunk driver.

A)MADD
B)Brady Center
C)SADD
D)BADD

Question 67

Which of the following types of crime includes homicide,assault,and rape?

A)Visible crime
B)Property crime
C)Organized crime
D)Victimless crime

Question 68

The creation of new crime legislation and the size of criminal justice agency budgets are decided by legislators responding to the demands of

A)Congress.
B)law enforcement.
C)voters.
D)federal prosecutors.

Question 69

Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to earn money for her crack habit.She was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years.She has been arrested several times and has no hope that she can make a better life for herself. Sherry willingly participates in prostitution and feels as though her actions should not be considered criminal.Which type of crime is Sherry committing?

A)Victimless crime
B)Political crime
C)Occupational crime
D)Organized crime

Question 70

According to a 2011 poll asking Americans about the most important problems facing the country,which of the following was not among the top 11 problems cited?

A)Economic declines
B)Unemployment rates
C)Healthcare and education issues
D)Crime

Question 71

Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to earn money for her crack habit.She was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years.She has been arrested several times and has no hope that she can make a better life for herself. Frustrated by the police constantly harassing her,Sherry decides to take active measures by targeting local officials.Sherry goes too far,however,and kills the city mayor.Which type of crime would this be?

A)Victimless crime
B)Political crime
C)Occupational crime
D)Organized crime

Question 72

Elizabeth is a middle-age female who is planning to purchase a new spring wardrobe with her credit card.After the salesperson runs her credit card,Elizabeth is surprised to find out that it has been denied.She has no idea how this could have happened.She has a $20,000 credit limit and has a zero balance.Elizabeth realizes that a crime had been committed against her.Identity theft is an example of a ______ crime.

A)mala in se
B)a public
C)e pluribus prohibita.
D)mala prohibita

Question 73

Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to earn money for her crack habit.She was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years.She has been arrested several times and has no hope that she can make a better life for herself. Sherry's crime is a questionable crime by many who feel that prostitution is not wrong in and of itself,or a

A)mala prohibita.
B)mala in se.
C)felony.
D)misdemeanor.

Question 74

The _________ is dependent on interviews of the samples of the U.S.population conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics to determine the number and types of criminal victimization,and thus the extent of unreported as well as reported crime.

A)National Incident-Based Reporting System
B)National Crime Victimization Survey
C)Uniform Crime Report
D)National Crime Offender Survey

Question 75

James is a vice president of a local banking organization.He and his wife have been in danger of foreclosure on their home after his wife lost her job last year.James recently found out that he can transfer a small percentage of his client's earnings into his own account without drawing the attention of those in power at his organization.He has been able to transfer enough money to break even on their mortgage.He is aware that he is breaking the law but he does not see his crime as being on the same scale as a violent crime.He is also aware that if he is caught,the criminal justice system will go easy on him because he is a first-time client. When James walks into his office one morning,he is met by his supervisor and law enforcement.What type of crime did James commit?

A)Organized crime
B)Political crime
C)Victimless crime
D)Occupational crime

Question 76

Serious crimes that usually carry a penalty of incarceration for more than one year or the death penalty are

A)misdemeanors.
B)felonies.
C)visible crimes.
D)violent crimes.

Question 77

_______ is a specific act of commission or omission in violation of the law,for which a punishment is prescribed.

A)Crime
B)Justice
C)Evidence-based practice
D)Behavior

Question 78

James is a vice president of a local banking organization.He and his wife have been in danger of foreclosure on their home after his wife lost her job last year.James recently found out that he can transfer a small percentage of his client's earnings into his own account without drawing the attention of those in power at his organization.He has been able to transfer enough money to break even on their mortgage.He is aware that he is breaking the law but he does not see his crime as being on the same scale as a violent crime.He is also aware that if he is caught,the criminal justice system will go easy on him because he is a first-time client. After James is caught,the bank where he worked fails as a result and the bank president commits suicide.An outraged public demands justice and James is then charged with manslaughter.This is an example of the ________ model.

A)crime control
B)due process
C)criminal justice
D)due justice

Question 79

Elizabeth is a middle-age female who is planning to purchase a new spring wardrobe with her credit card.After the salesperson runs her credit card,Elizabeth is surprised to find out that it has been denied.She has no idea how this could have happened.She has a $20,000 credit limit and has a zero balance.Elizabeth realizes that a crime had been committed against her. The individual who committed identity theft against Elizabeth committed an act that would be considered wrong just by the nature of the act itself.This would also be known as a ________ crime.

A)mala in se
B)mala prohibita
C)felony
D)misdemeanor

Question 80

Citizens' involvement in shaping public policies,laws,and the quality of life in society is called

A)a social movement.
B)due process.
C)legalistic enforcement.
D)civic engagement.