Deck 3: Bacteria and Archaea

Question 1

The two functions of bacterial appendages are ________.

A)attachment and protection
B)attachment and motility
C)motility and slime production
D)energy reactions and synthesis
E)protection and motility

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has ________.

A)fimbriae
B)a capsule
C)thylakoids
D)flagella
E)metachromatic granules

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called ________.

A)flagella
B)cilia
C)fimbriae
D)periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
E)sex pili

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The short,numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called ________.

A)flagella
B)cilia
C)fimbriae
D)periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
E)sex pili

Question 5

Which of the following is not a characteristic of bacteria?

A)Its DNA is not encased in a membrane.
B)It has a cell wall made of peptidoglycans or other distinct chemicals.
C)It does not have membrane-bound organelles.
D)Its DNA is wrapped around histones.
E)All of these are characteristics of bacteria.

Question 6

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A)Slime layer
B)Fimbriae
C)Cell membrane
D)Capsule
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site is ________.

A)amphitrichous
B)atrichous
C)lophotrichous
D)monotrichous
E)peritrichous

Question 8

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except ________.

A)flagella
B)cilia
C)fimbriae
D)periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
E)sex pili

Question 9

Chemotaxis refers to the ability to ________.

A)move in response to light
B)move in response to a chemical
C)not move in response to a chemical
D)transport desired molecules into cells
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 10

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment,the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the ________.

A)endospore
B)cell wall
C)cell membrane
D)capsule
E)slime layer

Question 11

Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed ________.

A)positive phototaxis
B)negative phototaxis
C)positive chemotaxis
D)negative chemotaxis
E)a tumble

Question 12

What three components comprise the flagellum,extending from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

A)Filament,hook,basal body
B)Filament,basal body,hook
C)Basal body,hook,filament
D)Hook,basal body,filament
E)Basal body,filament,hook

Question 13

During the Gram stain,________ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

A)gram-positive
B)gram-negative
C)both gram-positive and -negative

Question 14

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid,tubular appendages called ________.

A)flagella
B)cilia
C)fimbriae
D)periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
E)sex pili

Question 15

Which order below reflects the correct procedure for Gram staining?

A)Alcohol/acetone-crystal violet-safranin-iodine
B)Crystal violet-alcohol/acetone-iodine-safranin
C)Crystal violet-iodine-alcohol/acetone-safranin
D)Iodine-safranin-crystal violet-alcohol/acetone
E)Alcohol/acetone-safranin-crystal violet-iodine

Question 16

The cell ________ can be composed of three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane,the cell wall,and the outer membrane.

A)glycocalyx
B)envelope
C)pathogenic package
D)slime coat
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 17

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is ________.

A)amphitrichous
B)atrichous
C)lophotrichous
D)monotrichous
E)peritrichous

Question 18

The term that refers to flagella at both poles is ________.

A)amphitrichous
B)atrichous
C)lophotrichous
D)monotrichous
E)peritrichous

Question 19

The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cell's ________.

A)ribosomes
B)inclusions
C)wall
D)membrane
E)flagella

Question 20

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its ________.

A)hook
B)outer membrane
C)filament
D)sheath
E)basal body

Question 21

Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?

A)It is a specific cell wall lipid
B)It can stimulate fever in the human body
C)It can cause septic shock in the human body
D)It is involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases
E)It is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls

Question 22

The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be ________.

A)material would not be able to cross the cell membrane
B)protein synthesis would stop
C)destruction of the cell's DNA
D)formation of glycogen inclusions
E)loss of the capsule

Question 23

Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects calcium and dipicolinic acid.What is the identity of this structure?

A)Cell wall
B)Capsule
C)Slime layer
D)Nucleoid
E)Endospore

Question 24

Plasmids ________.

A)are found in all bacteria
B)are essential for growth and metabolism
C)cannot be passed between organisms
D)cannot be passed on to progeny
E)are often the site of pathogenic genes

Question 25

Which of the following is mismatched?

A)Ribosomes - protein synthesis
B)Inclusions - excess cell nutrients and materials
C)Plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism
D)Nucleoid - hereditary material
E)Cytoplasm - dense,gelatinous solution

Question 26

A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is ________.

A)Mycobacterium
B)Mycoplasma
C)Streptococcus
D)Corynebacterium
E)Salmonella

Question 27

The function of bacterial endospores is ________.

A)to convert gaseous nitrogen to a usable form for plants
B)reproduction and growth
C)protection of genetic material during harsh conditions
D)storage of excess cell materials
E)to act as sites for photosynthesis

Question 28

The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram-positive bacterial cell wall structure is that they ________.

A)contain more peptidoglycan
B)have a predominance of unique,waxy lipids
C)are easily decolorized
D)contain lipopolysaccharide
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 29

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the ________.

A)inclusions
B)fimbriae
C)capsule
D)slime layer
E)LPS

Question 30

All bacterial cells have ________.

A)one or more chromosomes
B)one or more fimbriae
C)the ability to produce endospores
D)capsules
E)flagella

Question 31

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial ________.

A)cell walls
B)cell membranes
C)capsules
D)slime layers
E)inclusions

Question 32

The site(s)for most ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is(are)the ________.

A)ribosomes
B)mitochondria
C)cell wall
D)inclusions
E)cell membrane

Question 33

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and ________.

A)mRNA
B)tRNA
C)rRNA
D)All of the choices are correct.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 34

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is ________.

A)gram-negative
B)gram-positive
C)found in archaea
D)a spheroplast
E)acid fast

Question 35

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A)The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
B)The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
C)The porin proteins create channels through the outer membrane.
D)Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane.
E)The lipid portion of the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

Question 36

The enzyme ________,found in tears and saliva,can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.

A)penicillinase
B)lysozyme
C)peptidase
D)All of the choices are correct.
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 37

Gram-negative bacteria

A)are more susceptible to antibiotics that target peptidoglycan than gram-positive organisms.
B)are less susceptible to antibiotics that target peptidoglycan than gram-positive organisms.
C)stain purple in the Gram stain.
D)encompass all pathogens.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 38

Lysozyme is most effective against ________.

A)gram-negative organisms
B)gram-positive organisms
C)mycoplasmas
D)cyanobacteria
E)archaea

Question 39

The bacterial chromosome ________.

A)is located in the cell membrane
B)contains all the cell's plasmids
C)is part of the nucleoid
D)forms a single linear strand of DNA
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 40

The ________ stain is used to stain and differentiate Mycobacterium and Nocardia from other bacteria.

A)acid-fast
B)methylene blue
C)Gram
D)negative
E)basic

Question 41

A client has a serious case of the flu.A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood.The lab tech said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan.You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be ________.

A)Mycobacterium tuberculosis
B)Borrelia burghdorferi
C)Streptococcus pneumoniae
D)Mycoplasma pneumoniae
E)Staphylococcus aureus

Question 42

Which of the following is mismatched?

A)Methanogens - convert CO₂ and H₂ gases into methane
B)Extreme halophiles - adapted to salty habitats
C)Psychrophiles - adapted to very low temperatures
D)Hyperthermophile - adapted to high temperatures
E)Thermoplasmas - adapted to frozen environments

Question 43

Cellular organisms without a true nucleus include bacteria and viruses.

Question 44

________ Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is a manual of bacterial descriptions and classifications.

A)Pasteur's
B)Lister's
C)Bergey's
D)Leeuwenhoek's
E)Koch's

Question 45

Which of the following is not a phenotypic trait of bacteria?

A)rRNA sequencing
B)Shape
C)Growth pattern in a culture medium
D)Biochemical reaction
E)All of these are phenotypic traits.

Question 46

Pili used for conjugation are only found on gram-negative bacteria.

Question 47

Endospores are ________.

A)metabolically inactive
B)resistant to heat and chemical destruction
C)resistant to destruction by radiation
D)living structures
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 48

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

Question 49

Spirochetes are able to move due to ________.

A)a periplasmic flagellum
B)a membrane-bound flagellum
C)cilia serving as walking feet
D)pseudopods
E)fimbriae

Question 50

Cells form a ________ arrangement when cells in a chain snap back upon each other forming a row of cells oriented side by side.

A)tetrad
B)strep
C)staph
D)sarcina
E)palisade

Question 51

A chain of rod-shaped cells would be called a(an)________.

A)streptobacillus
B)staphylobacillus
C)streptococcus
D)staphylococcus
E)sarcina

Question 52

Which of the following species of bacteria is not closely related to the others?

A)Staphylococcus aureus
B)Staphylococcus epidermidis
C)Staphylococcus saprophyticus
D)Escherichia coli
E)Staphylococcus capitis

Question 53

Two major structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are ________ and ________.

A)pili; ribosomes
B)fimbrae; capsules
C)lipopolysaccharides; techoic acids
D)actin filaments; phospholipid membrane(s)
E)actin filaments; ribosomes

Question 54

If you looked at a ________ under the microscope,you would likely see an irregular cluster of spherical cells.

A)palisade
B)sarcina
C)staphylococcus
D)streptococcus
E)diplococcus

Question 55

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A)Coccus
B)Tetrad
C)Vibrio
D)Rod
E)Spirochete

Question 56

Which of the following is mismatched?

A)Gracilicutes - gram-negative cell walls
B)Firmicutes - gram-positive cell walls
C)Tenericutes - waxy acid-fast cell walls
D)Mendosicutes - archaea cell walls
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 57

Bacterial endospores are not produced by ________.

A)Staphylococcus
B)Sporosarcina
C)Bacillus
D)Clostridium
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 58

Halobacterium salinarium lives in and requires salt.This is an example of an archaeabacterium described as a(n)________.

A)osmophile
B)halophile
C)thermophile
D)psychrophile
E)methanogen

Question 59

The slime layer provides bacteria greater pathogenicity as compared to the capsule.

Question 60

Which of the following is not a division of bacteria and archaea according to Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology?

A)Gracilicutes
B)Scotobacteria
C)Firmicutes
D)Tenericutes
E)Mendosicutes

Question 61

Gram-negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Question 62

Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain.

Question 63

Alcohol-based compounds can weaken the outer membrane.

Question 64

The bacterial cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions.

Question 65

If during the Gram stain procedure,the bacterial cells were viewed immediately after crystal violet was applied,gram-positive cells would be purple but gram-negative cells would be colorless.

Question 66

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the differences between bacteria,archaea,and eukaryotes?

A)The cell walls of bacteria and archaea both contain the complex macromolecule peptidoglycan,whereas only the organisms in kingdom Plantae contain cell walls,which are made of cellulose.
B)Bacteria and archaea have circular chromosomes in a nucleoid region whereas eukaryotes have linear chromosomes that are enclosed in a nuclear membrane.
C)Flagella are found on bacteria,archaea and eukaryotes yet they all vary in structure.
D)Ribosomal RNA sequencing revealed that the structure of the ribosomal subunits in archaea more closely resemble those of eukaryotes than bacteria.

Question 67

Some bacteria have a cytoskeleton of protein polymers to help maintain their shape.

Question 68

Both gram-positive and gram-negative cells have outer membranes.

Question 69

Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of ________.

A)gram-negative bacteria
B)gram-positive bacteria
C)acid-fast bacteria
D)mycoplasmas
E)protoplasts

Question 70

Bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma and bacteria called L-forms lack cell walls.

Question 71

The organism Mycoplasma pneumoniae that causes "walking pneumonia" lacks a cell wall.  In which of the following taxonomic divisions is it classified?

A)Tenericutes
B)Mendosicutes
C)Gracilicutes
D)Firmicutes

Question 72

The cell envelope of gram-positive bacteria has two layers: a thick cell wall and the cell membrane.

Question 73

Boiling water (100°C)can normally destroy endospores.

Question 74

The cell envelope or its parts can interact with human tissue and cause disease.

Question 75

The term diplococcus refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells.

Question 76

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

Question 77

Which statement below supports the argument that gram-negative cells are structurally weaker than gram-positive cells?

A)Gram-negative cells have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall compared to gram-positive cells.
B)Gram-positive cells contain teichoic acids,whereas gram-negative cells lack teichoic acids in their cell wall.
C)The envelope of gram-negative cells comprises a hydrophobic outer membrane.
D)Gram-negative cells contain lipopolysaccharides,the lipid component of which acts as an endotoxin.

Question 78

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

Question 79

Endospores of certain bacterial species can enter tissues in the human body,germinate,and cause an infectious disease.

Question 80

If you observe rod-shaped,pink cells on a slide that had just been Gram-stained,you can assume that their cell walls contain endotoxin.