Deck 13: How to Interpret a 12-Lead EKG

Question 1

Left axis deviation is between

A)0 and +90 degrees.
B)0 and -90 degrees.
C)+90 and 180 degrees.
D)-90 and 180 degrees.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Ventricular hypertrophy is

A)excessive growth of ventricular myocardial tissue.
B)excessive growth of atrial tissue.
C)characterized by low-voltage QRS complexes.
D)characterized by tall,pointy P waves.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

If the QRS in I is negative and the QRS in aVF is positive,the axis is

A)normal.
B)right axis deviation.
C)left axis deviation.
D)indeterminate axis.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Indeterminate axis is between

A)0 and +90 degrees.
B)0 and -90 degrees.
C)+90 and 180 degrees.
D)-90 and 180 degrees.

Question 5

Bundle branch block is characterized by

A)a QRS complex at least 0.12 seconds wide.
B)more P waves than QRS complexes.
C)cardiac arrest.
D)sudden onset of symptoms of decreased cardiac output.

Question 6

A disorder in which there is too much potassium in the bloodstream is called

A)hyperkalemia.
B)hypokalemia.
C)hypercalcemia.
D)hypocalcemia.

Question 7

Low voltage EKGs can be caused by ALL BUT which of the following?

A)Obesity
B)Thyroid gland malfunction
C)Emphysema
D)Hypertension

Question 8

Digitalis effect is characterized by

A)shortened PR intervals.
B)widened QRS.
C)sagging ST segments.
D)prolonged ST segments.

Question 9

Left ventricular hypertrophy is most commonly caused by

A)atrial fibrillation.
B)heart attack.
C)hypertension.
D)chronic lung disease.

Question 10

If the QRS in leads I and aVF are both positive,the axis is

A)normal.
B)right axis deviation.
C)left axis deviation.
D)indeterminate axis.

Question 11

If the QRS in I and aVF are both negative,the axis is

A)normal.
B)right axis deviation.
C)left axis deviation.
D)indeterminate axis.

Question 12

Left bundle branch block (LBBB)

A)is almost always indicative of heart disease.
B)is more serious than RBBB.
C)is characterized by a QS or RS pattern in V₁.
D)all of the above.

Question 13

Normal axis is between

A)0 and +90 degrees.
B)0 and -90 degrees.
C)+90 and 180 degrees.
D)-90 and 180 degrees.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a step in 12-lead EKG interpretation?

A)Assess the basics-rhythm,rate,and intervals
B)Determine the axis quadrant
C)Check for ventricular hypertrophy
D)Check the patient for symptoms

Question 15

Right ventricular hypertrophy is most commonly caused by

A)atrial fibrillation.
B)heart attack.
C)hypertension.
D)chronic lung disease.

Question 16

Right axis deviation is between

A)0 and +90 degrees.
B)0 and -90 degrees.
C)+90 and 180 degrees.
D)-90 and 180 degrees.

Question 17

A disorder in which there is a deficit of calcium in the bloodstream is called

A)hyperkalemia.
B)hypokalemia.
C)hypercalcemia.
D)hypocalcemia.

Question 18

Right bundle branch block (RBBB)is characterized by

A)RSR configuration in V₁.
B)tall,pointy P waves.
C)symptoms of decreased cardiac output.
D)more P waves than QRS complexes.

Question 19

Hypercalcemia is a disorder in which there is too much ________ in the bloodstream.

A)cholesterol
B)calcium
C)calcitonin
D)potassium

Question 20

If the QRS in Lead I is positive and the QRS in aVF is negative,the axis is

A)normal.
B)right axis deviation.
C)left axis deviation.
D)indeterminate axis.

Question 21

Which of the following findings suggest the presence of a hemiblock?

A)Axis deviation with widened QRS complex
B)Axis deviation with normal width QRS complex
C)Normal axis with widened QRS complex
D)Normal axis with narrowed QRS complex

Question 22

A QS pattern in V₁ is characteristic of

A)complete heart block.
B)Mobitz II second-degree AV block.
C)LBBB.
D)RBBB.

Question 23

A hallmark of hypercalcemia on the EKG is

A)sagging ST segments.
B)prolonged QT intervals.
C)shortened ST segments.
D)prolonged QRS intervals.

Question 24

Hyperkalemia is a potassium deficit in the bloodstream.

Question 25

In a hemiblock

A)the patient has signs of cardiovascular collapse.
B)the QRS is widened to at least 0.12 seconds.
C)one of the fascicles of the left bundle branch is blocked.
D)the axis is normal.

Question 26

In LVH,the S wave in V₁ added to the R wave in V₅ or V₆ should be

A)greater than 20 mms.
B)less than 30 mms.
C)greater than 35 mms.
D)less than 35 mms.

Question 27

In severe hyperkalemia,the QRS can widen out significantly.

Question 28

Bundle branch blocks do not cause symptoms.

Question 29

The normal axis is between 0 and -90 degrees.

Question 30

An axis of +120 degrees is

A)normal axis.
B)left axis deviation.
C)right axis deviation.
D)indeterminate axis.

Question 31

The sixth and final step in 12-lead EKG interpretation is to

A)check for myocardial infarction/ischemia.
B)determine the presence of miscellaneous effects.
C)check for ventricular hypertrophy.
D)check for bundle branch blocks and hemiblocks.

Question 32

Bundle branch blocks are a sign of imminent cardiac arrest.

Question 33

Hypercalcemia is a calcium deficit in the bloodstream.

Question 34

An axis of -120 degrees is

A)normal axis.
B)left axis deviation.
C)right axis deviation.
D)indeterminate axis.

Question 35

Obesity or advanced pregnancy can cause axis deviation.

Question 36

Which of the following is a criterion for a diagnosis of BBB?

A)P wave wider than the QRS
B)Heart rate greater than 100
C)More P waves than QRS complexes
D)QRS of 0.12 seconds or greater

Question 37

Axis deviation can be a normal variant.

Question 38

Tall,pointy T waves are typical of

A)hyperkalemia.
B)hypercalcemia.
C)hypercholesterolemia.
D)hypokalemia.

Question 39

RSR is the characteristic pattern seen in V₁ in patients with

A)complete heart block.
B)Mobitz II second-degree AV block.
C)LBBB.
D)RBBB.

Question 40

A very widened QRS is seen in

A)severe hypokalemia.
B)severe hyperkalemia.
C)severe hypocalcemia.
D)severe hypercalcemia.

Question 41

Right bundle branch block has a QRS interval of at least ________ seconds.

Question 42

If both Lead I and aVF's QRS complexes are positive,the axis is ________.

Question 43

Hypertrophy can stress the heart.

Question 44

Left ventricular hypertrophy is commonly caused by hypertension.

Question 45

Critical rate is the rate at which ________.

Question 46

If Lead I and aVF both have negative QRS complexes,the axis is ________.

Question 47

________ is potassium deficit in the bloodstream.

Question 48

A rate-related BBB is one which ________.

Question 49

Right ventricular hypertrophy is commonly caused by chronic lung disease.

Question 50

RVH stands for ________.

Question 51

Hypocalcemia causes a prolonged ST segment,thus causing a prolonged QT interval.

Question 52

If leads I and aVF are both negative,the axis is indeterminate.

Question 53

If Lead I is positive and aVF is negative,there is left axis deviation.

Question 54

If the heart's current originates in the left ventricle and travels upward to the right,there would be right axis deviation.

Question 55

Left bundle branch block has a QRS interval of at least ________ seconds.

Question 56

Left ventricular hypertrophy is determined by adding ________.

Question 57

An axis of +120 degrees is ________ deviation.