Deck 3: Making Decisions

Question 1

In any Boolean expression,the two values compared can be either variables or ____.

A) numbers
B) nulls
C) constants
D) trivial expressions

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In every programming language,addition has precedence over multiplication in an arithmetic statement.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

When you use the OR operator,both of the listed conditions must be met for the resulting
action to take place.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

A ____ is a displayed statement that advises a user what to do.For example,"Please enter your name."

A) start
B) question
C) prompt
D) query

Question 5

Every decision you make in a computer program involves evaluating a Boolean expression.

Question 6

String value: "BLACK HORSE" is equal to "Black Horse".

Question 7

If X > Y is false,which of the following is always true?

A) X < Y
B) X <= Y
C) X = Y
D) X >= Y

Question 8

A ____ is one that represents only one of two states,true or false.

A) Boolean expression
B) short-circuit evaluation
C) trivial expression
D) truth table

Question 9

Boolean (true/false)expressions are named for George Boolean.

Question 10

Most programming languages allow you to combine as many AND and OR operators in an expression as you need.

Question 11

True/false evaluation is "natural" from a computer's standpoint because computer circuitry consists of two-state on-off switches,often represented by ____.

A) 1 or -1
B) 1 or 0
C) light or dark
D) plus or minus

Question 12

A(n)____ is a value on either side of an operator.

A) operator
B) indicator
C) compound condition
D) operand

Question 13

Trivial expressions will always evaluate to the same result.

Question 14

The selection structure where the logic can flow only to one of the two alternatives,never to both is called a(n)____ structure.

A) if-then
B) if-then-else
C) loop
D) while

Question 15

When new programmers perform range checks,they are prone to using logic that includes too many decisions,entailing more work than is necessary.

Question 16

When you use an AND operator to join multiple Boolean expressions,all the individual expressions must be true for the joint expression to be true.

Question 17

Comparing two amounts in order to decide if they are not equal to each other is the most confusing of all the comparisons.

Question 18

The ____ operator evaluates as true when the left operand is less than or equivalent to the right operand.

A) >=
B) <=
C) >
D) <

Question 19

There are ____ relational comparison operators supported by all modern programming languages.

A) three
B) four
C) five
D) six

Question 20

Any decision can be made using combinations of just three types of comparisons: _____.

A) equal,more than,and less than
B) equal to,greater than,and less than
C) equal to,more,and less
D) equal,not equal to,and greater than

Question 21

You use the logical ____ operator to reverse the meaning of a Boolean expression.

A) NOT
B) AND
C) OR
D) XOR

Question 22

In an OR decision,it is more efficient to first ask the question that is more likely to be ____.

A) greater
B) Boolean
C) false
D) true

Question 23

In an AND decision,it is more efficient to first ask the question that is less likely to be ____.

A) larger
B) Boolean
C) false
D) true

Question 24

If X is true,Y is true,and Z is false,which of the following expressions is true?

A) X AND Y AND Z
B) X OR Y AND Z
C) X AND Y OR Z
D) X > Y AND Z

Question 25

A(n)________ or unreachable path is a logical path that can never be traveled.

A) dead-end
B) dead
C) unstable
D) unattainable

Question 26

A ____ of values is every value between low and high limits.

A) list
B) block
C) range
D) group

Question 27

The conditional AND operator in Java,C++,and C# consists of ____.

A) %%
B) &&
C) ||
D) **

Question 28

In C++,Java,and C#,the ____ is the symbol used for the NOT operator.

A) at-symbol
B) exclamation point
C) underscore
D) tilde

Question 29

Many programming languages allow you to use ____ to correct your logic when using ANDs and ORs and force the OR expression to be evaluated first.

A) parentheses
B) braces
C) underscores
D) brackets

Question 30

____ are diagrams used in mathematics and logic to help describe the truth of an entire expression based on the truth of its parts.

A) Truth diagrams
B) Truth matrix
C) Truth tables
D) Logic diagrams

Question 31

When several decisions are based on the value of the same variable,many programming languages offer a shortcut called the ____ structure.

A) sequence
B) while
C) loop
D) case

Question 32

C#,C++,C,and Java use the symbol ____ to represent the logical OR.

A) %%
B) &&
C) ||
D) **

Question 33

Which of the following pseudocode selects all people over 21?

A) if age >= 20 then
B) if age > 20 then
C) if age Not < 21 then
D) if age > 21 then

Question 34

Each part of an expression that uses an AND operator is evaluated only as far as necessary to determine whether the entire expression is true or false,this feature is called ____ evaluation.

A) cut-off
B) once-over
C) first-time
D) short-circuit

Question 35

A series of nested if statements is also called a ____ if statement.

A) connected
B) stacked
C) cascading
D) trailed

Question 36

When you combine AND and OR operators,the AND operators take ____,meaning their Boolean values are evaluated first.

A) preference
B) priority
C) precedence
D) residence

Question 37

Sometimes you want to take action when one or the other of two conditions is true,this type of compound condition is called a(n)____ decision.

A) AND
B) OR
C) NOR
D) NOT

Question 38

Which of the lettered choices is equivalent to the following decision? if a > 10 then
If b > 10 then
Output "OK"
Endif
Endif

A) if a > 10 OR b > 10 then output "OK"
B) if a > 10 AND a > b then output "OK"
C) if a > 10 AND b > 10 then output "OK"
D) if a > b then output "OK"

Question 39

When you use a(n)____ check,you compare a variable to a series of values that mark the limiting ends of ranges.

A) bounds
B) end
C) range
D) truth

Question 40

A ____ is created when you need to ask multiple questions before an outcome is determined.

A) compound condition
B) compound question
C) truth table
D) trivial expression

Question 41

To most efficiently keep track of the sales for each of the three serving sizes,you would use ____.

A) three completely separate unnested if statements
B) nested if statements using AND logic
C) nested if statements using OR logic
D) four completely separate unnested if statements

Question 42

Write structured pseudocode to show the following: if the value in the studentGrade variable is greater than or equal to RANGE1 and less than RANGE2,move "OK" to outMessage.
Significant declarations:
string outMessage
num studentGrade
num RANGE1 = 0
num RANGE2 = 101

Question 43

What techniques can you use to avoid the confusion of mixing AND and OR operators?

Question 44

Write structured pseudocode to fix this statement:
if hourlyWage > 8.50 and < 15.80 then

Question 45

There is a $10 bonus for ice cream store workers that have more than $100 of sales on their shift and sell more than four triple-scoop servings.During any one shift,there are many more workers selling more than four triple-scoop servings than workers having more than $100 in sales.When you write a program to determine bonuses,you can make the most efficient decision by first asking if workers had more than ____.

A) $100 dollars of sales
B) four triple scoop sales
C) four double scoop sales
D) four single scoop sales

Question 46

Rewrite this structured pseudocode without a NOT operator but keeping the same logic:
if NOT hourlyWage <= 20.50 then

Question 47

Double-scoop orders account for about 50 percent of the sales; single-scoop orders account for 30 percent and only 20 percent of sales are triple-scoops.When you write a program to determine sales based on scoop size,you can make the most efficient decision by asking first whether the scoop size is ____.

A) single
B) double
C) triple
D) does not mater

Question 48

There is a $10 bonus for ice cream store workers that have more than $100 of sales on their shift and sell more than four triple-scoop servings.What pseudocode will select the workers that will earn a bonus?

A) if Sales > 100 OR tripleScoop > 4
B) if Sales > 100 OR tripleScoop >=4
C) if Sales > 100 AND tripleScoop < 4
D) if Sales > 100 AND tripleScoop > 4

Question 49

No matter how many scoops a customer chooses,when a customer also decides that they want the ice cream served in a cone,there is an additonal 50 cent charge.In order to correctly charge for the ice cream served in a cone,you would use a(n)____.

A) OR
B) AND
C) NOT
D) > operand

Question 50

Write structured pseudocode to show the following: if the value in the studentGrade variable is less that RANGE1 or greater than RANGE2,move "Error" to outMessage.
Significant declarations:
string outMessage
num studentGrade
num RANGE1 = 0
num RANGE2 = 100