Deck 8: Scheduling

Question 1

The arrangement of all activities (and,in some cases,events)in a project arrayed in their logical sequence and represented by arcs and nodes is called a __________.

A)network
B)critical path
C)path
D)crashed path

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Critical path method (CPM)has primarily been used for which type of projects?

A)Construction
B)Manufacturing
C)Industrial
D)Research and development

Answer 2

A

Question 3

__________ was developed by the U.S.Navy while the __________ was developed by __________.

A)PERT,CPM,DuPont
B)PERT,Gantt,DuPont
C)Gantt,PERT,U.S.Army
D)DuPont,CPM,U.S.Army

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The critical activities in real-world projects typically constitute less than __________ percent of the total activities in the project.

A)5
B)10
C)30
D)50

Question 5

In the AOA network,circles depict ________.

A)networks
B)events
C)logical dependencies
D)dummy activities

Question 6

The authors,when discussing networks,describe a(n)__________ as the result of completing one or more activities.It is an identifiable end state,which does not use any resources,occurring at a particular time.

A)crash
B)network
C)event
D)node

Question 7

In AOA networks,an activity of zero duration is called a(n)________.

A)dummy activity
B)critical
C)important
D)critical activity

Question 8

A(n)__________ is a specific task or set of tasks that are required by the project,use up resources,and take time to complete.

A)milestone
B)activity
C)node
D)path

Question 9

In the AOA network,arrows depict ________.

A)networks
B)events
C)activities
D)dummy activities

Question 10

The use of PERT has declined sharply in recent years because a large majority of project management software __________.

A)have become obsolete
B)use probabilistic techniques
C)generate CPM networks
D)are characterized by high prices

Question 11

The series of connected activities (or intermediate events)between any two events in a network is called __________.

A)path
B)node
C)chart
D)arc

Question 12

A(n)__________ is the conversion of the project work breakdown structure into an operating timetable.

A)chart
B)application
C)crash
D)schedule

Question 13

Slack is also known as __________.

A)critical path
B)scope
C)float
D)precedence

Question 14

Most commercially available project management software applications use the __________.

A)GERT chart
B)Bar chart
C)AOA network
D)AON network

Question 15

All of the following are possible conditions for an activity except:

A)it may have a successor(s)but no predecessor(s)
B)it may have a predecessor(s)but no successor(s)
C)it may have both predecessor(s)and successor(s)
D)it may not have a predecessor(s)or a successor(s)

Question 16

In application,program evaluation and review technique (PERT)has primarily been used for which type of projects?

A)Construction
B)Manufacturing
C)Industrial
D)Research and development

Question 17

In a network,if the delay of an activity will delay completion of the project,the activity is called a(n)__________.

A)valuable
B)efficient
C)critical
D)noteworthy

Question 18

What type of time estimates are used in the critical path method?

A)Deterministic
B)Probabilistic
C)Most likely
D)Average

Question 19

The _________ was developed by Henry Gantt in 1917.

A)Gantt Chart
B)PERT Diagram
C)Delphi Method
D)Gantt Diagram

Question 20

The basic approach of all scheduling techniques is to form a network of activity and event relationships that graphically portrays the sequential relations between the _____ in a project.

A)activities
B)nodes
C)events
D)tasks

Question 21

The difference between the late start and early start for an activity is called its __________.

A)critical path
B)task
C)progress
D)float

Question 22

The variance of a population is a measure of the population's __________.

A)dispersion
B)proportion
C)uniqueness
D)skewness

Question 23

Project completion probabilities computed using just the critical path are always what?

A)Optimistic
B)Correct
C)Pessimistic
D)Based on a 99 percent probability

Question 24

Task F has duration of 10 days and an earliest start date of 20 days.Based on the given data,determine the early finish duration for task F.

A)10 days
B)20 days
C)30 days
D)5 days

Question 25

Project task E has the following estimates: (1)optimistic time - 10 days (2)Pessimistic time - 20 days,and (3)Most likely time - 12 Days.The expected time using the beta statistical distribution is __________ days.

A)9
B)13
C)15
D)22

Question 26

The shortest time in which the entire network can be completed is referred to as the __________.

A)critical time of the network
B)real duration of the network
C)elapsed time of the network
D)slack time of the network

Question 27

Which of the following is not an advantage of a Gantt chart?

A)It can be easily understood.
B)Gantt charts are more effective for very large projects than ordinary projects.
C)It provides a good picture of the state of the project.
D)It is relatively easy to maintain.

Question 28

Project task E has the following estimates: (1)optimistic time - 10 days (2)Pessimistic time - 20 days,and (3)Most likely time - 12 Days.The standard deviation for time using the beta statistical distribution is ________ days.

A)1)5
B)1)67
C)2
D)2)33

Question 29

When using the beta distribution,the denominator of the formula for standard deviation should ________.

A)be approximately one-sixth of its range.
B)be adjusted by converting the range into the correct statistical variance
C)be adjusted by converting the range into the correct z-score value
D)be adjusted by converting the range into 50 percent of the mean

Question 30

A precedence relationship where the completion of a successor activity depends on the completion of a predecessor activity is called a __________.

A)start to finish dependency
B)finish to start dependency
C)finish to finish dependency
D)start to start dependency

Question 31

The authors define __________ as the time an activity can be delayed without affecting the start time of any successor activity

A)free slack
B)total slack
C)project slack
D)overhead slack

Question 32

A precedent relationship where the completion of a predecessor activity depends on the initiation of a successor activity is called a __________.

A)start to finish dependency
B)finish to start dependency
C)finish to finish dependency
D)start to start dependency

Question 33

A project has three paths and a desired completion time of 43 days.The first path has a 70 percent probability of being completed in 43 days.The second has an 85 percent probability and the third haws a 90 percent probability.What is the probability that the project will be completed on time?

A)53.55 percent
B)70 percent
C)90 percent
D)99.55 percent

Question 34

Assume that task J has a most likely duration of 20 days,an optimistic duration of 13 days,and a pessimistic duration of 30 days.If the optimistic and pessimistic durations are 95 percent estimates,the standard deviation for task J is ________ days.

A)5)167
B)5
C)4)67
D)3)2

Question 35

__________ law suggests that work expands to fill the allotted time.

A)Parkinson's
B)Murphy's
C)Brooks'
D)Federal

Question 36

__________ have a weakness of being difficult to follow when multiple paths exist,but __________ are more helpful in the hands-on task of managing the project.

A)Networks,Gantt charts
B)Activity sets,networks
C)Gantt charts,networks
D)Gantt charts,activity sets

Question 37

It is important to good project management to be __________ in estimating the time required to complete each of the various tasks included in the project.

A)accurate
B)honest
C)well-timed
D)clear

Question 38

The calculation of the standard deviation for the beta distribution is based on the assumption that __________.

A)the range is divided by a count of the values used to compute the mean
B)the range is approximately equal to six times the standard deviation
C)the standard deviation is 50 percent of the mean
D)the standard deviation is the square of the statistical variance

Question 39

Task H has duration of 5 days,an early start of 25 days,an early finish of 30 days,a late start of 25 days,and a late finish of 30 days.There are __________ days of slack for task H.

A)0
B)5
C)10
D)20

Question 40

The __________ chart shows planned and actual progress for a number of tasks displayed against a horizontal timescale.

A)PERT
B)timeline
C)critical
D)Gantt

Question 41

A __________ is a combination of interrelated activities and events depicted with arcs and nodes.

A)linked plan
B)chain of events
C)critical chain
D)network

Question 42

The line connecting two nodes is referred to as a(n)

A)arc
B)bridge
C)critical node
D)milestone

Question 43

With simulation,the model is repeated many times and the model's output for each repetition is used to construct a statistical distribution of all the outcomes.This shows the _____ of the decision

A)risk profile
B)critical path
C)maximum completion time
D)average completion time

Question 44

Describe the process for determining the critical path in a network.

Question 45

Describe the benefits of forming a network of activity and event relationships that graphically portrays sequential relations between tasks in a project.

Question 46

On method of managing the uncertainty is to perform what on the data involved in our managerial decisions?

A)Simulation
B)Probability analysis
C)Critical path analysis
D)Risk analysis

Question 47

In AON diagrams,a(n)__________ is a point where one or more lines (arrows)begin or terminate,commonly used for depicting an event or activity.

A)activity
B)path
C)node
D)arc

Question 48

A clearly identifiable point in a project or set of activities that commonly denotes a reporting requirement or completion of a large or important set of activities is called a(n)__________.

A)milestone
B)anniversary
C)node
D)dummy activity

Question 49

Any time two or more paths of a network come together,the probability of both paths being on time is the product of the probabilities for the individual paths.This scenario is referred to as __________.

A)merge bias
B)node bias
C)critical bias
D)critical merge

Question 50

Explain why it is important to evaluate non-critical paths that possess large variances and / or path times that are close to critical in duration.

Question 51

Explain the difference between total slack and free slack in a network.

Question 52

__________ is one possible way to check the nature and impacts of interactions between probabilistic paths in a network.

A)Simulation
B)Extrapolation
C)Guessing
D)Probabilistic time estimates

Question 53

Explain why completion probabilities computed using the critical path are always optimistic.What can be done?

Question 54

Which of the following is not a software tool commonly used to manage projects,especially in relation to time and cost budgets?

A)Microsoft Project
B)Microsoft Excel
C)Crystal Ball
D)Microsoft Word

Question 55

In CPM,an activity can be conducted at a normal pace or an expedited pace,known as ________,at a greater cost.

A)floating
B)crashing
C)arcing
D)condensing

Question 56

Explain the meaning of slack in a network.