Deck 16: Therapies

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true of biological therapies?

A)Psychiatrists prescribe medications that alter aspects of bodily functioning.
B)Biological therapies cannot be combined with psychotherapies.
C)All psychiatrists and psychologists can prescribe medications in the United States.
D)Biological therapies are also known as talk therapies.

Answer 1

Psychiatrists prescribe medications that alter aspects of bodily functioning.

Question 2

Unlike a psychiatrist,a psychologist

A)does not require an MD.
B)does not require research training.
C)can prescribe drugs.
D)cannot administer psychotherapy

Answer 2

does not require an MD.

Question 3

In the context of psychotherapy,evidence-based treatment refers to the

A)approach in which psychologists are given complete flexibility in choosing treatments that potentially might be vital for improvement.
B)integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of client characteristics,culture,and preferences.
C)approach that advocates making treatment decisions based on the body of research that has shown which type of therapy works best.
D)integration of traditional and modern approaches to treatment based on client preferences.

Answer 3

integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of client characteristics,culture,and preferences.

Question 4

_____ is the area of psychology that integrates science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders.

A)Evolutionary psychology
B)Clinical psychology
C)Organizational psychology
D)Forensic psychology

Question 5

Sean,a psychologist,told his colleague,"My client must confront the conflicts he faced in his childhood and gain release from this burdening anxiety." According to this statement,it can be concluded that Sean follows the _____ approach.

A)psychodynamic
B)cognitive
C)behavioral
D)humanistic

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true of psychodynamic therapies?

A)They typically focus on the conscious mind and ignore the unconscious mind of the individual.
B)They ensure that individuals with problems suppress their unpleasant memories.
C)They focus on the role of early childhood experiences in the development of an individual's problems.
D)They require minimal interpretation by the therapist.

Question 7

According to the psychoanalytic approach toward psychotherapy,which of the following is an essential part of the job of a psychotherapist?

A)to point out inconsistencies in the client's thoughts and behaviors
B)to encourage the client to transfer negative feelings to the therapist
C)to free the client from conscious influences
D)to free the individual from the conflict that resides in his or her unconscious mind

Question 8

Anabelle,a psychodynamic psychotherapist,intends to implement the free association method on Rosaline. According to this method,Rosaline is expected to

A)relax when Anabelle presents her with anxiety-provoking stimuli.
B)empty her mind of all thoughts and force herself to suppress the conflicts in her unconscious mind.
C)just talk about whatever comes to mind in response to the symptoms that has brought her to the treatment.
D)recall every little detail about all her happy childhood experiences.

Question 9

Roberto is a clinical psychologist residing in California.Which of the following is most likely true of Roberto?

A)He has prescription privileges.
B)He has completed training to become a medical doctor.
C)He administers psychotherapy to his patients.
D)He focuses on the effects of drug therapies on disorders.

Question 10

In the context of biological approaches to therapy,those who support the idea that psychologists ought to have prescription privileges are most likely to state that

A)individuals with psychological disorders may also have physical illnesses that psychologists are trained to diagnose or treat.
B)a psychologist is likely to treat with psychotherapy first,rather than medication.
C)the change in regulations would make it difficult for those with psychological disorders to seek treatment.
D)psychoactive drugs used by psychologists for treating psychological disorders have hardly any side affects.

Question 11

Bethany is a famous clinical psychologist in the United States.Her drug therapies are known for being very effective in treating patients.Based on this information,it can be inferred that Bethany has set up her practice in

A)CaliforniA.
B)Arizona.
C)Illinois.
D)Georgia.

Question 12

In the context of approaches to psychotherapy,the _____ stress the importance of the unconscious mind,extensive interpretation by the therapist,and the role of early childhood experiences in the development of an individual's problems.

A)cognitive therapies
B)psychodynamic therapies
C)humanistic therapies
D)behavior therapies

Question 13

The goal of psychodynamic therapies is to

A)focus on eliminating the problematic symptoms or behaviors of individuals.
B)help individuals gain insight into the unconscious conflicts that underlie their problems.
C)help individuals improve their self-concept by providing a warm,supportive atmosphere.
D)change the feelings and behaviors of individuals by changing their cognitions.

Question 14

Which of the following states in the United States permits psychologists to prescribe drugs?

A)New Jersey
B)Minnesota
C)Louisiana
D)Michigan

Question 15

Jane,a psychologist,asks her patient,Keith,to narrate his dreams.Jane believes that she will understand Keith's unconscious motives by interpreting his dreams.In this scenario,which of the following approaches to psychotherapy is Jane using?

A)cognitive therapies
B)behavior therapies
C)humanistic therapies
D)psychodynamic therapies

Question 16

In psychoanalysis,the term transference refers to

A)a client's self-healing capacities.
B)a method that treats anxiety by teaching a client to associate deep relaxation with increasingly intense anxiety-producing situations.
C)a technique in which an analyst mirrors a client's own feelings back to the client.
D)a client's relating to the analyst in ways that relive important relationships in the individual's life.

Question 17

_____ is the most important determinant of whether therapy is successful.

A)The style of therapy sessions
B)The quality of a client's participation
C)The experience level of a therapist
D)The ambience of therapy sessions

Question 18

In the context of psychotherapy,_____ is an approach to treating psychological disorders that advocates making treatment decisions based on the body of research that has shown which type of therapy works best.

A)dynamic treatment
B)evidence-based treatment
C)empirically supported treatment
D)adaptive treatment strategy

Question 19

Identify a true statement about psychotherapy.

A)It is a nonmedical process.
B)It alters aspects of bodily functioning.
C)It focuses on biological causes.
D)It can only be administered by psychiatrists.

Question 20

Zainab completed her training to become a medical doctor and spent four years in a residency program specializing in psychological disorders.During her residency,she was trained in diagnosing disorders,understanding the effects of drug therapies on disorders,and practicing psychotherapy.In this case,Zainab is most likely a

A)counselor.
B)psychologist.
C)psychiatrist.
D)occupational therapist.

Question 21

Deborah visits Andrew,a psychoanalyst,to discuss her relationship issues.During the psychoanalysis sessions,she reveals that she was abandoned by her father in her childhood.During the last few sessions,Deborah tells Andrew that he resembles her father.In to this scenario,Freud would conclude that Deborah has displayed _____ toward Andrew.

A)transcendence
B)catharsis
C)transference
D)countertransference

Question 22

Which of the following scenarios indicates the psychoanalytic phenomenon of transference?

A)Harry visits his psychotherapist twice a week.
B)Derek resents his psychotherapist because she resembles his previous girlfriend.
C)Mandy is unhappy with her therapist because he forgets her session dates.
D)Julia schedules her appointments with her therapist well in advance.

Question 23

Nate is a humanistic psychologist.He believes that helping clients identify their feelings leads to a speedy recovery.When his clients recall incidents that trouble them,he conveys their feelings back to them and confirms if he has understood their feelings correctly.Which of the following techniques is exemplified in this scenario?

A)validation
B)reframing
C)reflective speech
D)cognitive restructuring

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true of humanistic therapies?

A)They focus on an individual's self-healing capacities.
B)They emphasize unconscious rather than conscious thoughts.
C)They emphasize the past rather than the present.
D)They are action-orienteD.

Question 25

When compared to psychoanalysts from the past,contemporary psychoanalysts place less emphasis on

A)conscious thoughts.
B)current relationships.
C)sex.
D)early childhood experiences.

Question 26

In the context of approaches to psychotherapy,psychodynamic therapies are called

A)directive therapies
B)action-oriented therapies
C)insight therapies
D)self-therapies

Question 27

According to Freud,transference is a necessary part of the psychoanalytic relationship,as it

A)models the way that individuals relate to important people in their lives.
B)teaches the client to associate deep relaxation with increasingly intense anxiety-producing situations.
C)teaches individuals to modify their own behavior.
D)allows the therapist to mirror the client's own feelings back to the client.

Question 28

Since his father left,Joel has been treating his older brother more like a father and has been sharing all his feelings with him.From a psychoanalyst's viewpoint,the older brother in this scenario is synonymous to a therapist and Joel's behavior toward his older brother is the result of

A)free association.
B)transference.
C)resistance.
D)interpretation.

Question 29

Dr.Laura Patterson engages in reflective listening with Bill,her client who suffers from depression.She waits for him to express his feelings and decide what he wants to do about his problems.According to this information,it can be inferred that Dr.Patterson is practicing _____ psychotherapy.

A)client-centered
B)cognitive-behavioral
C)classical conditioning
D)directive

Question 30

Lisa is a psychologist who follows the psychodynamic approach to psychotherapy.She asks her clients to share any thought that comes to their minds.She listens to her patients without any judgement and interprets the information.Which of the following processes is best exemplified in this scenario?

A)free association
B)validation
C)systematic desensitization
D)structural change

Question 31

Santiago has been seeing his therapist,Mariam,for over six months.He often feels distressed and anxious.Mariam focuses on Santiago's current state and emphasizes personal growth.Mariam also suggests ways to bridge the gap between what Santiago actually is and what Santiago wants to become.In this scenario,it can be inferred that Mariam is adopting the _____ approach to psychotherapy.

A)cognitive
B)behavioral
C)humanistic
D)psychoanalytic

Question 32

Sarah visits Eva,her therapist,to share her grief regarding the loss of her son in a drunk-driving accident.During this process,Eva mirrors Sarah's feelings with respect to this incident.According to the humanistic perspective,it can be inferred that Eva is implementing the technique of

A)unconditional positive regard.
B)reflective speech.
C)validation.
D)catharsis.

Question 33

In the context of types of therapy,client-centered therapy is also called

A)action-oriented therapy.
B)directive therapy.
C)Rogerian therapy.
D)group therapy.

Question 34

Rochelle,a psychodynamic therapist,is constantly looking for hidden meanings in Holly's nightmares.Hence,it can be concluded that Rochelle is

A)implementing the free association method.
B)providing transference.
C)implementing the dream analysis technique.
D)suppressing Holly's unconscious conflicts.

Question 35

During her last session with James,her psychoanalyst,Emma,who was devastated with the death of her older brother,told James that he reminds her of her older brother.James concludes that Emma has experienced

A)transcendence.
B)transference.
C)sublimation.
D)rationalization.

Question 36

Which of the following statements is true regarding the psychoanalytic technique of dream analysis?

A)In dream analysis,every dream,including nightmares,contains a hidden,disguised unconscious wish.
B)Dreams represent unconscious conflicts;therefore,they must be ignored.
C)Dreams provide individuals with an outlet to express their conscious wishes and desires.
D)In dream analysis,a psychoanalyst asks a person to say aloud whatever comes to minD.

Question 37

Dr.Morgan is a psychodynamic therapist who is working with Tyler.However,Tyler opts out of therapy after a few sessions because Dr.Morgan resembles an uncle who tortured him when he was a child.Hence,Dr.Morgan concludes that Tyler opted out of therapy because he experienced the phenomenon of _____ toward him.

A)resistance
B)transference
C)displacement
D)projection

Question 38

Dr.Billings is a therapist who specializes in psychoanalysis.Hence,she lays emphasis on

A)prescribing medication that will reduce clients' anxiety.
B)teaching clients to suppress their fears systematically.
C)offering action-oriented strategies to help people change their behaviors.
D)using techniques such as free association and dream analysis.

Question 39

Amanda is unable to form healthy relationships with men due to her traumatic experience of sexual abuse by her father when she was a child.As a result,her friend Clarice takes her to Dr.Jones,a well-known psychoanalyst,for therapy.However,Amanda opts out of therapy after a few sessions because Dr.Jones resembles her father.According to Freud,Amanda's reason for quitting the therapy sessions is due to the phenomenon of

A)resistance.
B)projection
C)transference.
D)transcendence.

Question 40

Which of the following statements is true of dream analysis?

A)Unlike nightmares,dreams contain hidden,disguised wishes.
B)Dream analysis is a cognitive technique for interpreting an individual's conscious thoughts.
C)Dreams give individuals an outlet to express symbolically their unconscious wishes.
D)Dream analysis posits that dreams are unconscious wishes and nightmares are threats that individuals should avoiD.

Question 41

Which of the following individuals is undergoing systematic desensitization?

A)Barbara,who is being asked about her past
B)Chris,who is being asked to recall a happy event in his childhood
C)Dan,who is being asked to recall a pleasant dream
D)Sam,who is being asked to visualize spiders

Question 42

The first step in systematic desensitization is to

A)arrange the frightening aspects in a hierarchy.
B)teach the client to associate relaxation with anxiety-producing situations.
C)teach the client to imagine the least feared stimulus in the hierarchy.
D)discuss aspects of the feared situation that are most and least frightening.

Question 43

If a therapist gives Henry,who is suffering from alcoholism,a drink laced with a nausea-inducing drug so that he feels like throwing up after drinking the alcohol,it can be concluded that the therapist is implementing the technique of

A)systematic desensitization.
B)aversive conditioning.
C)transference.
D)free association.

Question 44

In the context of the humanistic approach to psychotherapy,the goal of client-centered therapy is to help clients

A)understand the role of their early childhood experiences in the development of their problems.
B)reduce maladaptive behavior by using principles of learning.
C)bring their actual self closer to their ideal self.
D)gain insight into the unconscious conflicts that underlie their problems.

Question 45

In the context of behavior therapies,_____ is a method of behavior therapy that treats anxiety by teaching a client to associate deep relaxation with increasingly intense anxiety-producing situations.

A)transference
B)client-centered therapy
C)systematic desensitization
D)free association

Question 46

Which of the following questions is a behavioral therapist more likely to ask rather than a psychoanalyst?

A)How is your relationship with your mother?
B)Why won't you talk about your father?
C)What did you dream about last night?
D)How much did your anxiety subside after you washed your hands?

Question 47

Which of the following therapies is based on the principles of classical conditioning?

A)self-instructional method
B)applied behavioral analysis
C)systematic desensitization
D)dream analysis

Question 48

Sharon has as irrational fear of dogs.She visits Jake,a behavioral psychologist,to overcome her fear.Which of the following techniques is Jake most likely to use to treat Sharon?

A)dream analysis
B)systematic desensitization
C)client-centered therapy
D)psychoanalysis

Question 49

Which of the following is an element recognized by Carl Rogers as one that is essential for human growth?

A)self-efficacy
B)intelligence
C)self-actualization
D)genuineness

Question 50

Which of the following features distinguishes humanistic therapies from psychodynamic therapies?

A)its emphasis on the concept of transference
B)its emphasis on the past
C)its emphasis on conscious thoughts
D)its emphasis on illness rather than self-fulfillment

Question 51

Ann has a phobia of lizards.During her first therapy session,her therapist asks her to think of all the fears that she has and arranges them in a hierarchy.According to this information,which of the following behavioral therapies has been implemented by Ann's therapist?

A)aversive conditioning
B)applied behavioral analysis
C)self-instructional method
D)systematic desensitization

Question 52

Which of the following statements is true of behavior therapies?

A)They encourage self-awareness as it is the key to psychological health.
B)They offer action-oriented strategies to help people change underlying thoughts or emotions.
C)They place emphasis on a person's self-healing capacities.
D)They assume that insight is irrelevant to the goal of treatment.

Question 53

Which of the following is a similarity between humanistic and psychodynamic therapies?

A)Both encourage self-awareness as it is the key to psychological health.
B)Both are called action-oriented therapies.
C)Both use principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior.
D)Both consider insight to be irrelevant to the goal of treatment.

Question 54

Jane has hydrophobia-an irrational fear of water.If her therapist uses systematic desensitization technique to treat her phobia,which of the following is most likely to be part of her therapy?

A)identifying unconscious motives
B)experiencing unconditional positive regard
C)narrating dreams
D)learning relaxation techniques

Question 55

Who among the following is most likely practicing humanistic therapy?

A)Olga,who uses dream analysis to help clients
B)Sasha,who helps her clients' improve their self-concept and self-understanding
C)Carlos,who help her clients get rid of their fears through aversive conditioning
D)Salim,who uses the technique of psychoanalysis

Question 56

Frank has been visiting Dr.Miller,a therapist,for the past two months to overcome his fear of spiders.During the sessions,Dr.Miller first asked Frank to describe what it is about spiders that frightens him.His fears were then arranged in order from the least to the most frightening.Miller taught Frank the muscle relaxation exercise and exposed him to a series of increasingly fearful stimuli.In the context of behavioral therapies,it can be inferred that Dr.Miller has been conducting _____ on Frank to overcome his fear of spiders.

A)exposure therapy
B)systematic desensitization
C)aversion therapy
D)social skills training

Question 57

In systematic desensitization,after a client has talked about the most and the least frightening aspects of the feared situation,the very next step involves

A)teaching the client to imagine the least feared stimulus in the hierarchy.
B)arranging the frightening aspects in a hierarchy.
C)teaching the client to relax.
D)teaching the client to imagine the most feared stimulus in the hierarchy.

Question 58

Humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic therapies in that humanistic therapies emphasize

A)change of behavior rather than underlying thoughts.
B)unconscious thoughts rather than conscious thoughts.
C)the past rather than the present.
D)self-fulfillment rather than illness.

Question 59

Melanie,who is obese,attends a weight reduction program.As part of the 10-week program,Melanie's favorite food items are paired with bad smells.After the completion of the program,Melanie starts eating small portions of food and gradually loses weight in the following months.Which of the following treatment techniques is exemplified in this scenario?

A)aversive conditioning
B)free association
C)insight therapy
D)systematic desensitization

Question 60

Which of the following individuals is engaging in reflective speech?

A)Mary,who comforts Joel because he is extremely anxious about his results.
B)Alan,who agrees with Gus that he is facing obstacles at work as he is frustrated with his boss.
C)Horace,who tells his mother to quit her job at a departmental store because of her failing health.
D)Gayle,who congratulates his colleague,Neil,for performing well on a project.

Question 61

Kylie is a cognitive psychologist.In this case,Kylie is most likely to treat Jamal,who suffers from anxiety disorder,by

A)teaching him to use aversive conditioning techniques when he feels anxious.
B)getting him to recognize and identify irrational and self-defeating beliefs.
C)analyzing his dreams to resolve unconscious conflicts.
D)interpreting what he chooses to share about his life.

Question 62

Dennis tells his therapist that his dream of getting into an Ivy League school for law is ruined because he has performed poorly in his mid-term exams.In response to Dennis's statement,his therapist questions the relevance of this conclusion.In this scenario,which of the following cognitive therapy techniques has been implemented by Dennis's therapist?

A)decatastrophizing
B)reattribution
C)questioning the evidence
D)challenging idiosyncratic meanings

Question 63

Dylan tells his therapist that he was born to cause embarrassment to his parents and will always be their source of embarrassment for as long as he is alive.In response to Dylan's statement,his therapist asks him to explore this statement from different perspectives.In this scenario,which of the following cognitive therapy techniques has been implemented by Dylan's therapist?

A)examining advantages and disadvantages
B)examining options and alternatives
C)scaling
D)decatastrophize

Question 64

Justin is an 8-year-old boy who suffers from autism.He has been brought to Sasha,a behavioral therapist,by his mother as he constantly engages in self-harming behavior.In this scenario,which of the following techniques is most likely to be implemented by Sasha to curb Justin's self-harming behavior?

A)free association
B)client-centered therapy
C)applied behavioral analysis
D)aversive conditioning

Question 65

Alexander,a 16-year-old,tells his therapist that he is a failure as he has been performing poorly in his new school.In response to Alexander's statement,the therapist asks him to explore other reasons for his failure,such as adjustment difficulties with respect to his new school,lack of friends,and so on.In this scenario,which of the following cognitive therapy techniques has been implemented by Alexander's therapist?

A)reattribution
B)distraction
C)examining options and alternatives
D)challenging idiosyncratic meanings

Question 66

Nigella tells her therapist that she is depressed because she wants to pursue a postgraduate degree but is unable to attend regular college since she has to earn for her family.In response to Nigella's statement,the therapist suggests that she attend a part-time education program instead of a regular postgraduate course.In this scenario,which of the following cognitive therapy techniques has been implemented by Nigella's therapist?

A)examining advantages and disadvantages
B)examining options and alternatives
C)fantasizing consequences
D)turning adversity to advantage

Question 67

Roberto is a behavioral psychologist.Tracy,one of his patients,feels that she is a failure and is not capable of achieving anything in life.Roberto instructs Tracy to change the way she feels about herself.He asks her to write down five positive qualities about herself and to focus on those positive qualities whenever she feels low.Which of the following techniques of cognitive therapy is exemplified in this scenario?

A)systematic desensitization
B)reflective speech
C)cognitive restructuring
D)free association

Question 68

Pete's therapist says,"Don't say you will never fall in love again,say,I will take time to know the person better next time." Which of the following cognitive techniques is being implemented by Pete's therapist in this scenario?

A)free association
B)cognitive restructuring
C)systematic desensitization
D)reframing

Question 69

Izzie tells her therapist,Kim,that she is insecure and would feel very devastated if her live-in boyfriend of 10 years ended their relationship.In response to Izzie's statement,Kim asks her the manner in which she would be devastated and suggests ways to alleviate this feeling.In this scenario,which of the following cognitive therapy techniques has been implemented by Kim?

A)examine options and alternatives
B)question the evidence
C)challenge idiosyncratic meanings
D)examine advantages and disadvantages

Question 70

In the context of approaches to psychotherapy,_____ attempt to change an individual's feelings and behaviors by changing thoughts.

A)humanistic psychotherapies
B)cognitive therapies
C)psychodynamic therapies
D)behavior therapies

Question 71

Sarah tells her therapist that she is scared of being assertive in front of her superiors.As a result,her therapist asks her to imagine a situation that requires her to be assertive in the initial sessions and equips her with the requisite skills to be assertive in the later sessions.In this scenario,which of the following cognitive therapy techniques has been implemented by Sarah's therapist?

A)guided association
B)fantasizing consequences
C)reattribution
D)distraction

Question 72

Which of the following individuals would be benefitted from systematic desensitization?

A)Norman,who is addicted to alcohol
B)Melanie,who is suffering from severe depression
C)Rudy,who has a phobia of closed spaces
D)Shane,who is suffering from schizophrenia

Question 73

Clients in cognitive therapies are most likely to gain insight about

A)their past experiences.
B)the automatic thoughts that underlie their problems.
C)the factors that underlie their behavioral problems.
D)their childhood experiences.

Question 74

Which of the following individuals would be benefitted from aversive conditioning?

A)Jordan,who has a habit of overeating
B)Noel,who is suffering from panic disorder
C)Isabelle,who has a phobia of reptiles
D)Tanner,who is suffering from Alzheimer's disease

Question 75

Natalie had to close her start-up firm due to heavy losses.She is depressed and thinks of herself as a complete failure.She visits a psychologist to deal with her depression.Her psychologist focuses on changing her thoughts and provides a set a positive statements that Natalie can say to herself whenever she feels low.In this scenario,the psychologist is most likely using

A)the self-instructional method
B)the systematic desensitization method
C)client-centered therapy
D)psychoanalysis

Question 76

Vanessa tells Naomi,a cognitive therapist,that she is not able to imagine life without her husband following their divorce the previous week.In response to Vanessa's statement,Naomi asks her to imagine the life she led prior to her marriage.In this scenario,which of the following techniques has been implemented by Naomi?

A)turning adversity to advantage
B)decatastrophize
C)reattribution
D)questioning the evidence

Question 77

Leanne is being treated for depression after a breakup with her boyfriend.Her therapist points out that her thoughts,and not the situation itself,are the cause of her illness.This information suggests that Leanne's therapist practices

A)psychodynamic therapy.
B)behavioral therapy.
C)client-centered therapy.
D)cognitive therapy.

Question 78

A therapist who implements the cognitive restructuring technique believes that _____ are the causes of abnormal behavior.

A)unpleasant events
B)irrational thoughts
C)unconscious thoughts
D)childhood experiences

Question 79

In the context of behavioral therapies,which of the following is a cognitive-behavioral technique?

A)systematic desensitization
B)free association technique
C)self-instructional method
D)psychoanalysis

Question 80

In the self-instructional method,a cognitive-restructuring technique,a therapist

A)focuses on the early childhood experiences of the clients.
B)relies on the process of free association.
C)gives a client examples of constructive statements.
D)uses psychoanalysis.