Deck 9: Psychoanalytic Approaches to Personality

Question 1

According to Sigmund Freud,the _____ mind is the part of the mind that contains thoughts and feelings of which you are currently aware.

A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)unconscious
D)metacognitive

Answer 1

conscious

Question 2

According to Sigmund Freud,the _____ mind is the part of the mind that contains all the information that you are presently not thinking about but that could easily be retrieved.

A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)unconscious
D)metacognitive

Answer 2

preconscious

Question 3

The metaphor of a(n)_____ is often used to describe the topography of the human mind.

A)glacier
B)iceberg
C)forest
D)mountain

Answer 3

iceberg

Question 4

According to Sigmund Freud,which of the following is NOT a part the human mind?

A)The conscious mind
B)The preconscious mind
C)The unconscious mind
D)The metacognitive mind

Question 5

Sigmund Freud published his first solo-authored book,The Interpretation of Dreams,in:

A)1900.
B)1885.
C)1910.
D)1925.

Question 6

The case of Ross Cheit (who had forgotten and later remembered being abused at a summer camp)is an example of:

A)denial.
B)repression.
C)sublimation.
D)reaction formation.

Question 7

I ask you to recall your mother's maiden name.According to Sigmund Freud,this information resides in your _____ mind.

A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)unconscious
D)metacognitive

Question 8

According to Sigmund Freud,you being able to answer this question indicates that the information pertaining to this question is most likely in your _____ mind.

A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)unconscious
D)metacognitive

Question 9

The life instinct is typically referred to as:

A)libido.
B)Eros.
C)symbols.
D)catharsis.

Question 10

According to Sigmund Freud,which of the following statements is true about the unconscious mind?

A)It is used to hold socially acceptable information.
B)It holds information that can be easily retrieved and made conscious.
C)It is the smallest part of the human mind.
D)It holds thoughts and memories about which a person is unaware.

Question 11

José spends most of his time thinking about Sheila,the love of his life.This had led to José neglecting his course work.From a Freudian perspective,José's neglect of his school work is most likely due to:

A)his strong libido.
B)a sublimation of his aggressive thoughts.
C)his lack of interest in the courses.
D)his fixed amount of psychic energy.

Question 12

Sigmund Freud started out as a researcher in the field of:

A)neurology.
B)spiritualism.
C)geology.
D)philosophy.

Question 13

Sigmund Freud lived most of his life in:

A)London.
B)Munich.
C)Vienna.
D)New York.

Question 14

The death instinct is also referred to as:

A)Eros.
B)thanatos.
C)wham.
D)Zeus.

Question 15

According to Sigmund Freud,when a man directs his death instinct into a socially acceptable behavior (like playing football),he is:

A)less aggressive in other ways.
B)more aggressive in other ways.
C)fixated at the oral stage.
D)fixated at the anal stage.

Question 16

Sigmund Freud's original theory of instincts was profoundly influenced by:

A)Darwin.
B)Galileo.
C)Jung.
D)Helmholtz.

Question 17

According to Sigmund Freud,a slip of the tongue:

A)represents a motivated loss of coordination.
B)represents the motivated activity of the unconscious.
C)is a true accident that is usually socially unacceptable.
D)is only observed in heterosexual men.

Question 18

According to Sigmund Freud,the _____ mind is the part of the mind that contains unacceptable information that can be brought into awareness only with great effort.

A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)unconscious
D)metacognitive

Question 19

Sigmund Freud used the term _____ in a broad sense to refer to any urge to destroy,harm,or aggress against others or oneself.

A)unconscious
B)libido
C)thanatos
D)superego

Question 20

According to Sigmund Freud,the amount of psychic energy possessed by a person:

A)changes when his or her personality changes.
B)increases with age.
C)decreases with age.
D)always remains constant.

Question 21

According to Sigmund Freud,_____ is an unpleasant state and indicates that the control of the ego is being threatened by reality.

A)projection
B)anxiety
C)reality
D)sublimation

Question 22

Which of the following parts of the mind is responsible for upholding social values and ideals and determines what is right and what is wrong?

A)The unconscious mind
B)The preconscious mind
C)The id
D)The superego

Question 23

The most primitive part of the human mind is the:

A)ego.
B)preconscious mind.
C)id.
D)superego.

Question 24

In the context of psychic determinism,Sigmund Freud believed that psychological problems were caused by:

A)chance.
B)information stored in the preconscious mind.
C)unconscious memories or desires.
D)an individual's current thoughts and perceptions.

Question 25

Thinking without logical rules of conscious thought is known as:

A)primary process thinking.
B)secondary process thinking.
C)moral reasoning.
D)free running.

Question 26

Which of the following would most likely be an indicator of the id operating on an individual's behavior?

A)David has to have it and have it right now.
B)Andrew knows he has to wait for his turn.
C)Mike will have to wait twice as much later.
D)James will have to wait to find out what his parents think of him.

Question 27

Which part of the human mind engages in secondary process thinking?

A)The id
B)The ego
C)The superego
D)The conscious

Question 28

Which part of personality redirects energy from potentially problematic and unacceptable outlets into more appropriate outlets?

A)The id
B)The ego
C)The superego
D)The conscious mind

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true about the ego?

A)It uses the emotion of guilt as its main tool to enforce what is wrong.
B)It is the part of the mind that constrains the id to reality.
C)It operates according to the pleasure principle.
D)It is the part of personality that makes individuals feel pride when they do something right.

Question 30

The ego operates:

A)according to the pleasure principle.
B)according to the reality principle.
C)according to the anxiety principle.
D)with primary process thinking.

Question 31

Which of the following statements about the id,the ego,and the superego is true?

A)The id,the ego,and the superego are always interacting.
B)The id,the ego,and the superego operate completely independently.
C)The superego must manage the demands of both the ego and the id.
D)The ego is always subservient to both the id and the superego.

Question 32

Which part of the mind operates according to the pleasure principle?

A)The ego
B)The preconscious
C)The id
D)The superego

Question 33

Which of the following is a similarity between the id and the superego?

A)Both are not able to determine what is right and what is wrong.
B)Both operate according to the pleasure principle.
C)Both set moral goals and ideals of perfection.
D)Both are not bound by reality.

Question 34

Sigmund Freud believed that _____ occurred by accident.

A)nothing
B)everything
C)superego development
D)embarrassing things usually

Question 35

If the id cannot find an external object to satisfy its desires,it will:

A)search until it finds the appropriate object.
B)create a mental image of the object to satisfy its needs.
C)use reasoning and logic to substitute an alternate object.
D)delegate finding the appropriate object to the superego.

Question 36

The _____ is concerned with making a person do what is morally right.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)preconscious mind

Question 37

A person who has a well-balanced mind,one that is free from anxiety,will typically have a:

A)strong superego.
B)weak collective unconscious.
C)strong ego.
D)very weak iD.

Question 38

In the context of Sigmund Freud's structure of personality,which of the following statements is true about the pleasure principle?

A)It states that the human mind holds unacceptable sexual and aggressive urges.
B)It is a desire for immediate gratification.
C)It takes the reality of a person's situation into account.
D)It is a desire to understand pleasure-oriented urges of society.

Question 39

In the context of the structure of personality,which of the following terms best describes the development of strategies for solving problems and obtaining satisfaction and is a characteristic of the ego?

A)Secondary process thinking
B)Primary process thinking
C)Wish fulfillment
D)Construct validity

Question 40

In the context of Sigmund Freud's structure of personality,which of the following is a characteristic of wish fulfillment?

A)It allows people to express their unacceptable sexual and aggressive instincts freely.
B)It involves the retrieval of desired memories and dreams in the preconscious mind.
C)It permanently satisfies the urge to obtain a desired object.
D)It involves the creation of a mental image of a desired object.

Question 41

According to Sigmund Freud,anxiety is a signal that the control of the _____ is being threatened by reality.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)archetype

Question 42

In the context of Sigmund Freud's dynamics of personality,people who punish themselves,who have low self-esteem,or who feel worthless and ashamed most of the time are most likely suffering from _____.

A)castration anxiety
B)objective anxiety
C)moral anxiety
D)neurotic anxiety

Question 43

The ego uses _____ to deal with anxiety.

A)fantasy
B)reality
C)defense mechanisms
D)wish fulfillment

Question 44

According to psychologists,the _____ refers to the tendency to blame events outside one's control for failure but to accept responsibility for success.

A)directionality problem
B)third variable problem
C)fundamental attribution error
D)behavioral inhibition system effect

Question 45

Jessica,a businesswoman,becomes anxious whenever she feels sexually attracted to her clients or business partners.She panics at even the thought of sexual arousal.In the context of Sigmund Freud's dynamics of personality,she is most likely experiencing _____.

A)castration anxiety
B)moral anxiety
C)objective anxiety
D)neurotic anxiety

Question 46

Daydreaming can be an expression of:

A)repression.
B)denial.
C)sublimation.
D)projection.

Question 47

In which of the following defense mechanisms does a person insist that things are not the way they seem and refuses to see the facts?

A)Repression
B)Denial
C)Projection
D)Sublimation

Question 48

Which of the following defense mechanisms is based on the notion that sometimes people see in others the traits and desires they find most upsetting in themselves and literally attribute these unacceptable qualities onto others?

A)Projection
B)Sublimation
C)Displacement
D)Repression

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a type of anxiety described by Sigmund Freud?

A)Objective anxiety
B)Moral anxiety
C)Neurotic anxiety
D)Inferiority anxiety

Question 50

In the context of Sigmund Freud's dynamics of personality,which of the following is a characteristic of moral anxiety?

A)It occurs when there is a direct conflict between the id and the ego.
B)It is caused when the ego loses control over an unacceptable desire of the id.
C)It is caused by a conflict between the ego and the superego.
D)It occurs in response to a real,external threat to a person.

Question 51

You are walking down the street and encounter a large,angry dog that growls and bares its teeth at you.You are most likely to experience _____ anxiety.

A)objective
B)canine
C)traumatic
D)neurotic

Question 52

In the context of Sigmund Freud's dynamics of personality,which of the following is a characteristic of objective anxiety?

A)There is a direct conflict between the id and the superego.
B)There is a conflict between the ego and the superego.
C)The control of the ego is being threatened by an external factor.
D)The control of the ego is being threatened by an unacceptable desire of the iD.

Question 53

Diana refuses to believe that her husband has left her.She waits for him at their dinner table every night and insists that he will be back any time.She finds the act of waiting to be more acceptable that acknowledging the fact that he has,in reality,gone.According to Freud,Diana is most likely resorting to the defense mechanism of _____.

A)repression
B)denial
C)projection
D)displacement

Question 54

_____ is a defense mechanism that prevents unacceptable thoughts,feelings,or urges from reaching conscious awareness.

A)Repression
B)Projection
C)Denial
D)Sublimation

Question 55

A conflict between the id and the ego results in _____ anxiety.

A)objective
B)neurotic
C)moral
D)social

Question 56

Kiara,who is suffering from bulimia,an eating disorder,eats a piece of chocolate cake at a friend's party.The next day,she runs three miles and refrains from eating the whole day to make up for having eaten the high calorie food.In the context of Sigmund Freud's dynamics of personality,this scenario most likely illustrates _____.

A)objective anxiety
B)reaction formation
C)moral anxiety
D)wish fulfillment

Question 57

Which of the following defense mechanisms is a threatening or an unacceptable impulse channeled or redirected from its original source to a nonthreatening target?

A)Repression
B)Sublimation
C)Projection
D)Displacement

Question 58

Yang is lost in a big city and is likely to be late for an important job interview.He is most likely experiencing _____ anxiety.

A)geographic
B)objective
C)neurotic
D)moral

Question 59

A person has no memory of a horrible accident.What defense mechanism may be at work?

A)Repression
B)Reaction formation
C)Regression
D)Projection

Question 60

The _____ is responsible for balancing the demands of reality and the other parts of the mind.

A)superego
B)ego
C)id
D)Oedipal conflict

Question 61

According to Sigmund Freud,a child who has a conflict between an urge to bite and parental restrictions during the oral stage is most likely to develop a _____ personality as an adult.

A)dependent
B)messy
C)hostile
D)stingy

Question 62

Repressors tend to have _____ memories of emotional events than nonrepressors.

A)better
B)worse
C)similar
D)more detailed

Question 63

Which of the following is a characteristic of reaction formation,a defense mechanism?

A)People attribute their own unacceptable qualities onto others.
B)People exhibit behavior that is exactly opposite of what is expected of them.
C)People generate acceptable reasons for outcomes that might otherwise appear socially unacceptable.
D)People redirect a threatening impulse from its original source to a nonthreatening target.

Question 64

From a psychological perspective,the main conflict during the _____ stage is excessive pleasure versus dependency.

A)oral
B)anal
C)phallic
D)latency

Question 65

According to Sigmund Freud,in which stage of personality development the main sources of pleasure and tension reduction are the mouth,lips,and tongue?

A)The oral stage
B)The anal stage
C)The phallic stage
D)The latency stage

Question 66

Jerry loves to party and thinks that everyone else also enjoys partying.This most likely demonstrates the _____ effect.

A)Zeigarnik
B)false consensus
C)social facilitation
D)object relations

Question 67

_____ refers to the channeling of unacceptable sexual or aggressive instincts into socially desirable activities.

A)Subcortical
B)Subjugation
C)Sublimation
D)Substitution

Question 68

According to Sigmund Freud,if a child does not fully resolve a conflict in the oral stage,then that child will become:

A)repressed.
B)fixated at the oral stage.
C)especially messy in adulthood.
D)excessively clean in adulthooD.

Question 69

Sigmund Freud remarked that building the skyscrapers of New York City might be a result of:

A)sublimation.
B)reaction formation.
C)projection.
D)repression.

Question 70

People who become involved in anti-homosexuality campaigns exemplify:

A)moral anxiety.
B)projection.
C)sublimation.
D)denial.

Question 71

The term _____ refers to getting stuck in a given stage of personality development.

A)identification
B)symbolism
C)fixation
D)displacement

Question 72

When a woman consciously redirects anger that she feels toward her boss by abusing her family dog,she is most likely resorting to the defense mechanism of:

A)projection.
B)displacement.
C)reaction formation.
D)sublimation.

Question 73

Curtis is infatuated with his favorite pop singer.His house is well stocked with all her recordings,and he reads everything he can about her.Whenever he happens to see her,he tries to talk to her,but she always ignores him.However,he excessively recommends her songs to his friends and immensely praises her in all social gatherings.The defense mechanism Curtis is resorting to is:

A)displacement.
B)projection.
C)reaction formation.
D)denial.

Question 74

According to Sigmund Freud,the most adaptive defense mechanism is:

A)sublimation.
B)reaction formation.
C)projection.
D)repression.

Question 75

According to Sigmund Freud,a person who smokes or overeats is probably fixated at the _____ stage.

A)oral
B)anal
C)phallic
D)latency

Question 76

Recent studies of repression have shown that repressors reported _____ levels of subjective anxiety and _____ levels of physiological arousal when exposed to sexual or aggressive phrases.

A)low;low
B)high;high
C)high;low
D)the lowest;the highest

Question 77

Which of the following defense mechanisms is especially common among educated persons and involves generating acceptable reasons for outcomes that might otherwise appear socially unacceptable?

A)Displacement
B)Sublimation
C)Rationalization
D)Projection

Question 78

A defense mechanism is probably a problem if it:

A)exists at all.
B)interferes with one's relationships or the ability to be productive.
C)uses psychic energy.
D)is in the conscious minD.

Question 79

Miasha is unable to keep her apartment neat and organized.She often complains that her roommates lack cleanliness.She refers to them as slobs and hates them.In this scenario,Miasha is most likely using the defense mechanism of:

A)sublimation.
B)reaction formation.
C)projection.
D)repression.

Question 80

Which of the following terms refers to the tendency many people have to assume that others are similar to them?

A)The third variable problem
B)The directionality problem
C)The fundamental attribution error
D)The false consensus effect