Deck 35: Substance Use Disorders and and Infectious Disease

Question 1

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was first identified as a disease

A) in the early 1980s.
B) in the mid-1990s.
C) in the 1920s.
D) none of these answers. AIDS is not a disease.

Answer 1

none of these answers. AIDS is not a disease.

Question 2

As a group, individuals with substance use disorders hospital stays.

A) usually have longer
B) usually do not require very long
C) are 16 times as likely to require
D) are 9 times as likely to require

Answer 2

usually have longer

Question 3

Of the approximately 34 million people infected with the AIDS virus

A) about half are unaware.
B) two-thirds are dead.
C) two-thirds are homosexual males.
D) only one-third live in Africa.

Answer 3

about half are unaware.

Question 4

HIV infection results in an estimated in yearly earning potential.

A) $22,000 reduction
B) $12,000 reduction
C) $30,000 reduction
D) $15,000 reduction

Question 5

In the U.S., what percentage of women who become infected with HIV contracted the virus from heterosexual relations with an infected partner?

A) 22 percent
B) 85 percent
C) 55 percent
D) 75 percent

Question 6

Available evidence suggests that the virus that causes AIDS

A) was introduced into the population of homosexual males in the 1980s.
B) is a virus that "jumped" from an animal species into humans.
C) was a genetic mutation that resulted from germ warfare experiments.
D) is a single strain of virus.

Question 7

Within the course of 50 years, AIDS went from an obscure disease found only in isolated parts of Africa to

A) the 4th most common cause of death in Africa.
B) the 9th most common cause of death globally.
C) the most common infectious disease encountered by physicians today.
D) the 4th most common cause of death globally.

Question 8

In the United States people become infected with HIV-1 each year .

A) 7,000
B) 50,000
C) 2.4 million
D) 11,000

Question 9

If an intravenous drug abuser should attempt to clean the "rig" by rinsing it out with tap water

A) this can result in bacterial contamination of the needle since tap water is not sterile.
B) this will move the bacterial contaminants to the tip of the needle, making the next person to use that needle more likely to become infected.
C) this will cause the most vulnerable bacteria to die by exposing them to the chlorine in the tap water, leaving the more virulent strains behind to infect the next user.
D) the water itself will encourage the growth of microorganisms.

Question 10

AIDS is defined when the CD4 cell count falls below

A) 1,200 cells per cubic milliliter of blood.
B) 400 cells per cubic milliliter of blood.
C) 300 cells per cubic milliliter of blood.
D) 200 cells per cubic milliliter of blood.

Question 11

In the stage of "asymptomatic infection"

A) it is impossible for the infected person to transmit the infection to another person.
B) viral transmission is only possible if intravenous needles are shared.
C) the infection is there, but can only be detected by appropriate blood tests.
D) it is still possible for the person's body to fight off the infection if his or her immune status is good.

Question 12

Intravenous drug abusers

A) rarely follow sterile injection procedures.
B) usually do not share needles with others.
C) rarely have a viral infection in their blood.
D) have different bacterial types on their skin than non-addicts.

Question 13

In the general population, develop endocarditis.

A) 1 in 5,000
B) 1 in 6,000
C) 1 in 20,000
D) 1 in 18,000

Question 14

The "AIDS latency period" has been found

A) not to exist.
B) to last longer in those who do not abuse intravenous drugs.
C) to last longer in those who acquired the infection from a sexual partner who was infected, since intravenous drug injection was not involved.
D) to be a gender-specific phenomenon.

Question 15

Researchers believe that of the HIV particles found in a person's body are in the CD­4 cells.

A) 50-60 percent
B) 93-99 percent
C) 30-50 percent
D) virtually none

Question 16

Tuberculosis (TB) is more common in persons infected with HIV than in the general public.

A) 20 times
B) 100 times
C) 50 times
D) 10 times

Question 17

The most common cause of community acquired pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, is spread by

A) the body's weakened immune system.
B) microscopic droplets of fluid from the lungs that spread when a person sneezes or coughs.
C) a failure to wash one's hands after shaking hands with a person who has been infected.
D) cigarette smoking by the patient who contracts the infection.

Question 18

In the United States, of new HIV infections for men result from homosexual relations.

A) 17 percent
B) 80 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 70 percent

Question 19

It is believed that of those who are infected with HIV in the U.S. are unaware of this fact.

A) 5 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 15 percent
D) 60 percent

Question 20

The person infected with HIV will

A) live a normal lifespan if they adhere to prescribed antiviral medications.
B) lose about 15 years of potential life because of the infection, even with existing antiviral medications.
C) lose about 5 years of potential life because of the infection, even with existing antiviral medications.
D) have to take at least 80-90 percent of the prescribed antiviral drugs to achieve optimal viral suppression.

Question 21

The virus that causes Hepatitis type "C" is thought to be

A) as infectious as the virus that causes AIDS.
B) one-tenth as infectious as the virus that causes AIDS.
C) 10 times as infectious as the virus that causes AIDS.
D) 10 times as infectious as the virus that causes Hepatitis type "B" infection.

Question 22

Research has shown that of intravenous drug abusers will be exposed to the Hepatitis type "B" virus within a year of when they start injecting drugs.

A) 10-30 percent
B) 15-20 percent
C) 50-60 percent
D) 45-90 percent

Question 23

Discuss some of the forms of viral hepatitis commonly encountered in the treatment of people with an SUD.

Question 24

One potential consequence of HVA infection is

A) death in rare cases.
B) acute liver failure in about 25 percent of cases.
C) relapsing hepatitis in about 25 percent of cases.
D) hepatitis-related dementia in rare cases.

Question 25

In the past 500,000 years, tuberculosis is thought to have caused premature deaths.

A) 50,000
B) 5 million
C) 100 million
D) 1 billion

Question 26

Discuss the relation between AIDS and neurocognitive dysfunction, including the classification system based upon the range of deficit.

Question 27

In addition to being a blood-borne pathogen, the virus that causes HVB is also a

A) sexually-transmitted disease.
B) airborne pathogen.
C) food-borne pathogen.
D) co-infection that occurs with HVA 90 percent of the time.

Question 28

HVB is a

A) chronic, remitting disease that bothers the person for 6-8 months before it clears.
B) blood-borne disease.
C) virus that can infect the mother, but never the fetus as placental barriers exist to block the virus from reaching the fetus.
D) virus known to cross the blood-brain-barrier and in extreme cases induce dementia.

Question 29

It has been estimated that of the world's population is currently infected with tuberculosis.

A) 10 percent
B) 33 percent
C) 5 percent
D) 40 percent

Question 30

Tuberculosis is transmitted by

A) bacteria of the species M. tuberculosis that hitch a ride on microscopic droplets of moisture expelled from the body of the infected person and inhaled by another person.
B) clothing once worn by an infected person, even after it is routinely cleaned.
C) exposure to residual fluids such as water or soda consumed by the infected person.
D) M. tuberculosis bacteria exposed to the ultraviolet light found in sunshine.

Question 31

It has been estimated that 5 percent of new cases of tuberculosis

A) are the result of intravenous drug use.
B) are resistant to at least one antibiotic used to treat this disease.
C) are resistant to all antibiotics used to treat this disease.
D) are found in persons with circulatory problems.

Question 32

Why is infectious disease such a common complication for people with a SUD?

Question 33

Discuss the six stages of a typical HIV infection.

Question 34

In the infected person, tuberculosis is found

A) in the lungs.
B) in oxygen-poor tissues since oxygen is a poison to bacteria.
C) most often in the lungs, but can be found virtually anywhere in the body.
D) in the central nervous system.

Question 35

Each person infected with TB will expose additional people to the infection.

A) 1-5
B) 5-10
C) 10-15
D) 15-20

Question 36

Which of the following is true of hepatitis type A?

A) It is never transmitted by sharing intravenous needles.
B) Exposure to blood or other body fluids from an infected person is not a danger.
C) Five percent of cases in the U.S. involve the sharing of intravenous needles.
D) It can only infect the victim if he or she is also simultaneously exposed to the Hepatitis type D virus.

Question 37

Discuss the chain of HIV infection as it pertains to drug use.