Deck 28: Muscles of Mastication, Hyoid Muscles, and Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius Muscles

Question 1

The lateral pterygoid performs each of the following actions upon the mandible EXCEPT one.Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A) Depression
B) Protrusion
C) Retrusion
D) Lateral movement

Answer 1

C
Contraction of the lateral pterygoid pulls the condyle forward and helps protrude and depress the mandible.Lateral movement occurs when only one lateral pterygoid is contracted.The superior head of the lateral pterygoid functions primarily in what is sometimes called the power stroke.

Question 2

Hyoid muscles have a role in depressing the mandible.This includes the suprahyoid and the thyrohyoid muscles.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
C) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Answer 2

A
Depression of the mandible is accomplished by the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle plus the hyoid muscles.This includes the suprahyoid and the infrahyoid muscles.When contracted,the thyrohyoid muscle either lifts the thyroid cartilage and raises the larynx or depresses the hyoid bone.

Question 3

The hyoid bone,a portion of the zygomatic arch,is unusual because it articulates with no other bone.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are NOT related.
C) The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT correct.
D) The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Answer 3

D
The hyoid bone,located in the neck,is not a portion of the zygomatic arch.It is a horseshoe-shaped bone suspended beneath the mandible and is unusual because it articulates with no other bone.Its only connection with other bones is by muscles and ligaments.

Question 4

Muscles of mastication are innervated by the fifth cranial nerve because they develop from the first (mandibular)pharyngeal arch.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are NOT related.
C) The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT correct.
D) The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 5

Hyoid muscles located above the hyoid bone are called suprahyoid muscles.When contracted,most muscles of this group elevate the mandible.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
C) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 6

The mandible is elevated by each of the following EXCEPT one.Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A) Medial pterygoid
B) Masseter
C) Geniohyoid
D) Temporal

Question 7

The larynx moves up and down during swallowing.The thyrohyoid muscle pulls the larynx down.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
C) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 8

The temporal muscle has a very narrow origin.Contraction of the entire temporalis elevates the mandible.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
C) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 9

The masseter muscle is probably the most powerful of muscles of suprahyoid group.When the masseter contracts,it elevates the mandible,which closes the mouth.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
C) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 10

All muscles of mastication insert into the disk of the TMJ.Blood supply to these muscles comes from the maxillary artery,which is a branch of the carotid.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
C) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 11

Involuntary contraction and spasms of the sternomastoid and trapezius muscles can be caused by migraine headaches.Some malocclusions can also cause such spasms.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
C) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 12

Which muscle of mastication does not have two origins?

A) Medial pterygoid
B) Lateral pterygoid
C) Masseter
D) Temporal

Question 13

The mylohyoid muscle originates from the mylohyoid line on the medial surface of each side of the maxilla.The left and right muscles fuse into what is known as a raphe.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
C) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 14

During an extraoral examination,it is necessary to palpate beneath the sternothyroid muscle because enlarged lymph nodes may be lying against the internal jugular vein in the neck.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are NOT related.
C) The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT correct.
D) The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 15

Contraction of only the posterior portion of the temporalis muscle retrudes the mandible because this action also depresses the mandible.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are NOT related.
C) The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT correct.
D) The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 16

Each of the following is a muscle of the suprahyoid group EXCEPT one.Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A) Digastric
B) Geniohyoid
C) Mylohyoid
D) Thyrohyoid

Question 17

Which muscle originates in the upper sternum and inserts into the thyroid cartilage?

A) Sternohyoid
B) Sternothyroid
C) Thyrohyoid
D) Sternocleidomastoid

Question 18

Innervation to the digastric muscle is unusual because it has two nerves supplying it.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are NOT related.
C) The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT correct.
D) The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 19

The floor of the mouth is formed by which muscle?

A) Stylohyoid
B) Geniohyoid
C) Mylohyoid
D) Digastric

Question 20

The shape of the hyoid bone resembles a

A) circle
B) straight line
C) triangle
D) horseshoe

Question 21

The insertion of a muscle is attached to the more movable structure.

Question 22

Muscles of mastication are innervated by the facial nerve.

Question 23

The suprahyoid and thyrohyoid muscles control laryngeal movements.

Question 24

All muscles of mastication are attached to an area of the mandible.

Question 25

The sternocleidomastoid muscle has an origin at the superior border of the scapula.When muscle contracts it pulls the hyoid bone down.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
C) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 26

The sternocleidomastoid muscle is innervated by which cranial nerve?

A) Fifth
B) Seventh
C) Tenth
D) Eleventh

Question 27

If the left lateral pterygoid contracts,the mandible will move to the left because one of the lateral pterygoid muscles acting by itself accomplishes lateral excursion.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are NOT related.
C) The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT correct.
D) The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 28

Which muscle of mastication fans out widely at its origin?

A) Masseter
B) Temporal
C) Medial pterygoid
D) Lateral pterygoid

Question 29

Spasms originating from the TMJ can be referred (as pain)to the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM).

Question 30

The suprahyoid muscles are innervated by cranial nerves.