Deck 19: State-Building and Society in Early Modern Europe

Question 1

By the mid-eighteenth century,which of the following major states came to dominate European politics until at least World War I?

A)Calvinists who wanted to purify the Anglican church.
B)Lutherans who wanted to purify the Reformed church.
C)Protestants who wanted to purify the Catholic church.
D)Quakers who wanted to purify the Protestant faith.

Answer 1

Calvinists who wanted to purify the Anglican church.

Question 2

The first Hanoverian monarch of England was

A)series of widespread rebellions by French nobles between 1649 and 1652.
B)government monopoly over salt.
C)rebel Flemish army that threatened the southern provinces of France.
D)massacre of Huguenots the night before a wedding.

Answer 2

series of widespread rebellions by French nobles between 1649 and 1652.

Question 3

From 1521 to 1772,the Habsburg Holy Roman Emperors ruled directly over

A)boyars.
B)Magyars.
C)Junkers.
D)cabinet.

Answer 3

Junkers.

Question 4

The primary effect of the wars of Louis XIV was

A)an offensive alliance against Louis XIV by Great Britain.
B)an arrangement between the Catholic church and the King of France to destroy the Huguenots.
C)a defensive alliance against Louis XIV.
D)an international agreement that helped France gain control of Spanish territory.

Question 5

After his invasion in 1688,William of Orange recognized a Bill of Rights that accomplished all of the following except

A)James I.
B)George I.
C)Henry IX.
D)Charles XI.

Question 6

The Pragmatic Sanction

A)Silesia.
B)Galicia.
C)Transylvania.
D)Austria.

Question 7

Noteworthy characteristics of Prussia included all of the following except

A)the depletion of the French treasury.
B)substantial territorial additions to the French state.
C)the creation of a French imperial system.
D)the weakening of Protestantism in Europe.

Question 8

From 1649 to 1660,England was in fact a military despotism but officially was called a

A)dissatisfaction with Cromwell's Puritan republic.
B)regret over the execution of Charles I.
C)desire to start a new dynasty.
D)belief in the divine right of kings.

Question 9

European state-building in the early modern period resembled state-building in China and Japan in all of the following ways except

A)Great Britain,Austria,France,Prussia,Russia
B)Great Britain,France,the Netherlands,Austria
C)Russia,Spain,France,Austria
D)France,Austria,Germany,Italy

Question 10

The Puritans were

A)constitutional monarchy.
B)absolute monarchy.
C)Puritan republic led by a conservative coalition of generals.
D)Puritan republic led by Oliver Cromwell.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about Europe during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

A)they had to find a balance between centralizing and decentralizing forces.
B)talented civil servants fostered modernization.
C)the personalities of the leaders played a significant role.
D)there was an increase in the use of unified law codes.

Question 12

A major goal of Peter the Great's reforms was to

A)was promulgated by Leopold I and stressed pragmatism in finding a solution to religious strife in Habsburg lands.
B)provided a legal basis for the inheritance of Maria Theresa of the Habsburg throne.
C)was promulgated by Frederick II in support of his claim to the Habsburg throne.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 13

The Toleration Act

A)limiting the powers of the monarchy.
B)guaranteeing civil liberties to privileged Englishmen.
C)prohibiting Roman Catholics from occupying the English throne.
D)allowing for full religious toleration in England and its empire.

Question 14

Politically,the Glorious Revolution replaced

A)provided religious toleration for Protestants,but not for Catholics.
B)excluded most dissenting religions from English religious life.
C)assured Puritan religious domination.
D)applied the principle of religious toleration to all religious groups,including Jews.

Question 15

The Fronde was a

A)"traditional liberties"
B)"I am the state"
C)"the Sufferer"
D)"thorough"

Question 16

Which phrase best sums up the spirit of Louis XIV's government?

A)the emigration of a quarter million French.
B)baptism of Protestant children as Catholics.
C)the closing of Protestant schools.
D)the end of the French wars of religion.

Question 17

The revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV led to all of the following except

A)the chaos of the wars of religion leading people to support a strong ruler.
B)Louis XIV's experience of the Fronde causing him to fear the power of the nobility.
C)the relative homogeneity of the population in terms of religion and language.
D)Bossuet's philosophical and religious defense of the divine right of kings.

Question 18

Parliament readily supported the monarchy of Charles II because of their

A)James II with William and Mary.
B)James II with Mary I.
C)Charles II with Anne I.
D)George II with George III.

Question 19

The French state turned absolutist for all of the following reasons except

A)increase the military power of Russia.
B)promote religious toleration.
C)oppose Westernization.
D)gain noble support through protecting birthrights.

Question 20

The German landowning nobility of Prussia was known as the

A)an identity largely embodied by the king and the army.
B)a disproportionately large army for the population.
C)officials and army officers that were loyal to the ruler's person,not the state.
D)an army that was designed to function best against foreign aggression.

Question 21

All of the following were factors that limited the production of iron in Britain except

A)produced a purer iron.
B)employed a steam engine for extracting high-quality coal from remote mines.
C)produced iron bars,rails,and other forms from molten metal.
D)allowed for mobile processing of wheat,so fresh flour was available even in rural areas

Question 22

Russian ballads suggest that the common people of Russia

A)households often lived at subsistence level.
B)families had a responsibility to save money.
C)the household was the fundamental unit of production and consumption.
D)women did not have to work.

Question 23

Artisan guilds served all of the following functions except

A)a people wholly separate from the rest of the population.
B)religiously distinct,but with similar legal rights to the rest of the population.
C)economically privileged but religiously tolerated.
D)politically independent of local rulers.

Question 24

The "domestic" or "putting-out" system involved the

A)unemployment of thousands of people.
B)industrialization of many areas of production.
C)end of serfdom in Europe.
D)cottage industries of the 18th century.

Question 25

Henry Cort's rolling mill

A)The middle class sympathized with the downtrodden artisans.
B)The middle class lived in the city; the aristocracy in the countryside.
C)The aristocracy refused to share power with the middle class.
D)The middle class had no respect for the aristocratic lifestyle.

Question 26

The League of Augsburg was

A)Maria Theresa invaded Saxony.
B)Frederick II invaded Saxony.
C)William Pitt declared war on France.
D)France demanded control of the Mississippi River.

Question 27

The Seven Years' War began in 1756 when

A)India.
B)Newfoundland.
C)the Bahamas.
D)Angola.

Question 28

In what ways did colonies contribute to the process of industrialization in Britain?

A)steam engine.
B)water frame.
C)spinning jenny.
D)flying shuttle.

Question 29

The concept of "family economy" maintained that

A)military service
B)blacksmithing
C)farming
D)law

Question 30

The ancien regime refers to

A)closeness of family life.
B)strength and unity of monarchies on the Continent.
C)contrast in the lives and experiences of people in different social ranks.
D)great difference between English and French nobility.

Question 31

All of the following were English colonies in the eighteenth century except

A)the medieval monarchy of France.
B)the "old regime" before the reign of Louis XIV.
C)social,economic,and political relationships in France before 1789.
D)the glorious years of ancient Greece and Rome.

Question 32

The steam engine made possible the

A)They furnished raw materials for manufacturers,but were too poor to buy British manufactured goods.
B)They bought British manufactured goods only.
C)They provided labor in offshore sweatshops.
D)They furnished raw materials for manufacturers and provided a market for British manufactured goods.

Question 33

The Industrial Revolution started in Britain for all of the following reasons except

A)production of grain from the three field system.
B)demanding production schedule of the serfs.
C)agents of textile merchants who arranged for peasants to spin wool into thread.
D)mercantilist philosophy of the Old Regime.

Question 34

The invention that took cotton textile manufacturing out of the home and put it in the factory was called the

A)charcoal for smelting the ore was scarce.
B)charcoal did not burn at a high enough temperature for smelting the ore.
C)labor strikes were common.
D)demand for iron was limited.

Question 35

Probably the most striking feature of the Old Regime was the

A)promised Russian serfs land and freedom.
B)ended with negotiated reforms.
C)was the only significant peasant revolt in Europe in this period.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 36

The innovations that drove the agricultural revolution seem to have originated with

A)increased food production,and depopulation of the countryside.
B)increased population,and increased landlord paternalism.
C)larger farms and social turmoil.
D)technological improvements and the creation of a labor force for the Industrial Revolution.

Question 37

The enclosure movement resulted in

A)the lack of internal barriers to trade.
B)the stability of the political structure.
C)taxation was not especially heavy.
D)the availability of raw materials.

Question 38

Priscilla Wakefield suggested that women be allowed to work in what traditionally male-dominated occupation?

A)peasants,who were desperate to feed their increasingly large families.
B)urban artisans,who introduced their workshop techniques to their extended family members who lived on farms.
C)rulers,who were eager to increase their military strength by increasing their population.
D)landlords,whose earnings had increased because their products were valuable to a growing population.

Question 39

Pugachev's Rebellion

A)knew that they received better treatment than their counterparts in western Europe.
B)did not recognize the difference between serfdom and slavery.
C)blamed the Tsar for the terrible conditions under which they suffered.
D)used legal means to resolve their conflicts with the nobility.

Question 40

Which of the following statements best explains the growing tension between the aristocracy and the middle class?

A)a progressive voice in urban governments.
B)a framework for social and economic advancement.
C)a means to control the quality and price of goods.
D)providers of social benefits .

Question 41

What was the basis for Louis XIV's rule? What methods did he use to reinforce his authority over his subjects?

Question 42

Do you believe the agricultural revolution or the Industrial Revolution affected 18th century life more profoundly? Justify your answer.

Question 43

All of the following were significant social changes in the 18th century except the

A)Estates General must limit royal powers.
B)King and the State are the same thing.
C)power of the king comes from the Church.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 44

How was Peter the Great able to consolidate the power of the Russian monarchy? How did he curb the power of the boyars and the streltsy? How did his reforms affect the population as a whole?

Question 45

Detail the colonial expansion of the eighteenth century.Which powers were attempting to control world empires? What were the perceived benefits of colonial power? What were the negative results?

Question 46

During the early modern period,urban Jews were confined to areas called

Question 47

Which of the following was true of most European Jews?

A)expansion of population.
B)new wealth of the middle class.
C)social privileges received after service in the army.
D)conflicting political ambitions of the monarchs,nobility,and middle class.

Question 48

What were the two models of European political development during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and what were the primary components of those models? What were the conditions under which each of these models tended to develop?

Question 49

What caused the agricultural revolution? How did technological innovations help change European agriculture? What factors explain the increase in Europe's population in the 18th century? What were the effects of the population explosion?

Question 50

Compare and contrast the English and the French political models.What are the ideological foundations of these systems? Were both systems successful?

Question 51

The petition by the Belorussian Jews suggests that Jews were normally perceived as

A)They lived in Eastern Europe.
B)They lived in poverty.
C)They lived in ghettos.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 52

Imagine yourself as a farmer in eighteenth century Europe.What would be your concerns and grievances? Would your condition be the same in France,England,and Russia?

Question 53

What were the primary social classes in ancien régime Europe? What were the primary sources of division between them? Of consensus?

Question 54

Compare and contrast the state-building efforts in Prussia,Russia,France,and England.Which do you think was most successful? The least? To what factor or factors would you attribute relative success?

Question 55

What caused the Industrial Revolution of the 18th century? What were some of the technological innovations and why were they important? Why did Great Britain take the lead in the Industrial Revolution?

Question 56

Describe the structure of families in pre-industrial Europe.What are the differences between urban and rural families? What was the role of women in the family?

Question 57

Imagine yourself chief minister of France in 1740.Frederick II has just invaded Silesia.Would you commit your country's armies to support him? Why or Why not? Explain the arguments for both courses of action.

Question 58

In "Bishop Bossuet Defends the Divine Right of Kings",Bossuet asserts that the

A)enclosures.
B)ghettos.
C)colonies.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 59

Describe urban life under the ancien régime,concentrating on any three of the following factors: economic structure,politics,social divisions,health and sanitation,architecture and planning.Compare and contrast conditions with those of a Western city in the 21st century.