Deck 23: Political Consolidation in Nineteenth-Century Europe and North America

Question 1

All of the following were aspects of liberalism except

A)opposed government regulation of wages.
B)sought the removal of economic restraints such as tariffs.
C)supported the creation of internal markets through improved transportation.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Answer 1

All of these answers are correct.

Question 2

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the economic division between the northern and southern states of the United States by the late 19th century?

A)maintained their native religions.
B)converted to Catholicism.
C)combined native African religions with Protestant faith.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Answer 2

combined native African religions with Protestant faith.

Question 3

In the nineteenth century,a major change in political identity centered on a shift from

A)a belief that a shared language is an important basis for unity.
B)an ideology that supports self-government for people of the same or similar cultures.
C)the government takeover of industry in the name of the greater common good.
D)the harmonious activity of ethnic groups,directed towards a common purpose.

Answer 3

the government takeover of industry in the name of the greater common good.

Question 4

Nationalists used a variety of arguments and metaphors to express what they meant by nationhood; some

A)that the legitimacy of government emanates from the freely given consent of the governed.
B)that state officials must be responsible to the representatives of the people rather than to the monarch.
C)that democracy,not monarchy,is the ideal form of government.
D)a dislike for the monopolization of government by the nobility.

Question 5

Daniel O'Connell was instrumental in

A)supported Irish Home Rule.
B)believed the state should protect weaker citizens.
C)is considederd the founder of modern British conservatism.
D)steered the Catholic Emancipation Act through Parliament.

Question 6

Most American slaves

A)the founder of the underground railroad.
B)an editor and leading abolitionist.
C)responsible for "Bleeding Kansas."
D)responsible for the Compromise of 1850.

Question 7

The dynamic force for change in the Revolutions of 1848 originated with the

A)establishment of liberal governments in central Europe.
B)increasingly violent tactics employed by the working classes.
C)triumph of nationalism as a force for political change.
D)emergence of strongly conservative governments across Europe.

Question 8

Prime Minister William Gladstone

A)located primarily in the Ottoman Empire.
B)located primarily in Russia.
C)not located in a single nation or empire.
D)located primarily in France.

Question 9

The Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829

A)the agitation for Catholic emancipation in Ireland.
B)the expansion of the Irish voting franchise to members of the lower classes.
C)achieving a close political relationship with the Tories.
D)leading the movement for home rule in Ireland.

Question 10

In France,the July Monarchy replaced a

A)expanded the British electorate by over 200,000.
B)formally abolished slavery in all British territories.
C)removed all obstacles to internal trade on the British continent.
D)established Home Rule for Ireland.

Question 11

The Great Reform Bill

A)resulted in the political independence of Ireland.
B)allowed Catholics to become members of Parliament.
C)seemed to create an Anglican monopoly in British political life.
D)allowed all Irish citizens to vote.

Question 12

The revolutions of 1848-1849 were

A)political liberals.
B)working classes.
C)military of various countries.
D)middle classes.

Question 13

The Decembrist Revolt of 1825 was important because it

A)liberal king with a more nationalistic one.
B)conservative king with a more liberal one.
C)king with a parliamentary democracy.
D)Protestant king with a Catholic one.

Question 14

Economically,the classical liberals of the nineteenth century

A)ended the influence of liberalism in Russian politics.
B)led to greater democratization in Russian government.
C)made the army a greater political force in Russian affairs.
D)forced Russia to become more isolationist.

Question 15

All of the following can describe 19th-century nationalism except

A)France and Italy.
B)Italy and Germany.
C)Britain and Germany.
D)Germany and Russia.

Question 16

In the Northwest Territory of the United States,slavery was

A)the invention of the cotton gin.
B)the expansion of the textile industry caused by the industrial revolution.
C)high cotton prices throughout the world.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 17

The expansion of cotton-growing in the American South was largely the result of

A)The North was more agricultural and the South more industrial.
B)The North had considerably less wealth than the South.
C)The North was economically diverse and the South more focused on a few sectors.
D)The North was more dependent on foreign trade than the South.

Question 18

In the 19th century,nationalism served a significantly divisive role for all of the following countries or regions except

A)claimed that nations were distinct creations of God.
B)argued that unifying dynastic states would promote peace.
C)claimed that a nation governed by religion is the highest form of rule.
D)argued that religion should have nothing to do with nationalism.

Question 19

The most significant consequence of the Revolutions of 1848 was the

A)strictly prohibited.
B)considered on a state by state basis.
C)strongly encouraged.
D)heavily resisted.

Question 20

The two countries that used nationalism to unite internally in the late 19th century were

A)Great Britain.
B)Italy.
C)the Balkans.
D)Austria.

Question 21

All of the following contributed to growing polarization in U.S.politics over slavery except

A)established broad patterns of civil rights.
B)abolished slavery.
C)prohibited political activities by former Confederates.
D)imposed military government on the South.

Question 22

In the Habsburg domains,19th century nationalism

A)the importance of free trade and open markets
B)the political freedom of the individual
C)the belief that some cultures are superior to others
D)the right of corporate groups to negotiate for their rights

Question 23

William Lloyd Garrison was

A)stated that the people of each new state would vote on whether slavery would be allowed.
B)called for a slave to be considered as 3/5 of a person for voting representation.
C)allowed Kansas to enter the Union as a slave state,Nebraska as a free state.
D)declared that slaves did not become free by living in free states.

Question 24

Camillo Cavour believed

A)worked closely with Mazzini.
B)used Austrian cooperation to pursue unification.
C)forced Garibaldi to give up the notion of a republican Italy.
D)supported Garibaldi's romantic nationalism.

Question 25

The kleindeutsch or "small German" policy of Bismarck

A)Germans in the west,Romanians in the east,Ukrainians in the south,Croats in the north
B)Italians in the west,Germans in the east,Serbs in the south,Czechs in the north
C)Italians in the west,Magyars in the east,Czechs in the south,Slovaks in the north
D)Germans in the west,Magyars in the east,Serbs in the south,Poles in the north

Question 26

In obtaining Italian unification,Cavour

A)Lombardy and Naples.
B)Florence and Milan.
C)Sicily and Piedmont.
D)Veneto and Tuscany.

Question 27

During the Reconstruction period,the American South experienced all of the following significant changes except

A)the secession of French-speaking territories.
B)parliamentary self-government with the British monarch at the head.
C)the implementation of a federal system similar to the United States'.
D)a violent confrontation between English and French cultures.

Question 28

The Crimean War was significant because it led to

A)a united Italy should be a republic.
B)economic development would lead to self-rule.
C)that Italy had to be united by "blood and iron."
D)Italian unification should follow the borders set at the Congress of Vienna.

Question 29

In 19th century Canada,liberal and nationalist movements led to

A)Britain,France,and Russia against the Ottoman Empire and Austria.
B)Britain,France,and the Ottoman Empire against Russia.
C)Prussia and Russia against the Ottoman Empire and Britain.
D)Russia and the Ottoman Empire against Prussia and Austria.

Question 30

Daniel Payne,an African-American,argued against slavery on the grounds that it

A)many former political leaders left political life.
B)the basis of the economy was transformed.
C)the establishment of a large free labor market.
D)military occupation by armies of the North.

Question 31

The Kansas-Nebraska Bill of 1854

A)Louisiana.
B)Texas.
C)Oregon.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 32

The Danish War of 1864 was begun over

A)ultimately excluded Austria from German affairs.
B)was a plan to unite Germany slowly and gradually.
C)brought all German-speaking peoples together under the same government.
D)aimed at the creation of an economically self-sufficient German state.

Question 33

The expansion of the United States in the 19th century included all of the following states and territories except

A)the Mexican-American War.
B)the Fourteenth Amendment.
C)John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry.
D)the Dred Scott decision.

Question 34

Which of the following best describes the distribution of nationalities within the Habsburg empire?

A)as a member of the nobility,she wanted to broaden her audience.
B)the painting was a commission from Queen Victoria,who requested a painting of ordinary troops.
C)the troops were more respected than their aristocratic officers.
D)the troops were widely believed to have performed poorly.

Question 35

The Crimean War involved

A)the end of the Concert of Europe.
B)Russian acquisition of Constantinople.
C)the elimination of the use of cavalry in combat.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 36

The Compromise of 1867 transformed the Hapsburg Empire into

A)promoted peaceful unification plans.
B)led to the creation of several new states.
C)caused major political instability.
D)was not a significant factor.

Question 37

British artist Elizabeth Thompson,Lady Butler,portrayed ordinary troops in her painting Roll Call after an Engagement,Crimea,because

A)a dual monarchy.
B)a republic.
C)four administrative units.
D)a dependency of Italy.

Question 38

The two centers of Italian unification were

A)a self-made liberal businessman who united Germany.
B)the moderately liberal king of Prussia who united Germany.
C)a Prussian military commander who forced German unification.
D)the conservative Prussian minister who united Germany.

Question 39

The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution

A)caused geographic tensions within the country.
B)led to increased social inequality.
C)was not a profitable venture for owners.
D)was not part of God's will and was therefore immoral.

Question 40

Otto von Bismarck was

A)the annexation and administration of Schleswig and Holstein.
B)Austrian desire to control Denmark.
C)Danish abuse of its German population.
D)German belief in the superiority of German culture.

Question 41

Nationalism had a variable effect on European and world politics in the 19th century.Which,if any,elements of Lord Acton's assessment of nationalism do you agree with? Why? How would you assess the overall impact of nationalism on Europe?

Question 42

How do American notions of national identity differ from those of European countries? What constitutes nationality in the absence of long historical traditions and geographic points of reference? Was the American notion of nationality inclusive? To what extent?

Question 43

What are the ideological roots of the Zionist movement? In combating anti-Semitism and calling for a Jewish state,did Zionists embrace their enemies' notions of blood,race,and nation? Is Zionism a form of nationalism?

Question 44

Theodor Herzl suggested that the resolution to the "Jewish Question" lies in the

A)undermine the power of the emperor.
B)dominate competing national groups.
C)assert Hungarian independence.
D)create a more democratic state.

Question 45

Arthur de Gobineau attributed European problems to

Question 46

How did liberal and nationalist ideologies influence events in France during the first half of the nineteenth century? Which ideology predominated? Were there moments when one or the other gained temporary prominence?

Question 47

Explain why Austria failed to control German affairs.What was the ethnic make-up of the Empire? What were the major obstacles hindering Austrian success? Detail and explain how Austria lost the war with Germany in 1866.What contributed to the loss? What effect did nationalism have on the peoples of Eastern Europe?

Question 48

What were the tenets of liberalism? Who were the liberals and how did liberalism affect the political developments of the early 19th century? What relationship does liberalism have to nationalism?

Question 49

In terms of political and constitutional development,how did the histories of the United States and Canada differ? Was Canada's break from Britain amicable? How has Canada balanced its dual British and French heritage?

Question 50

What was the definition of political nationalism during the early nineteenth century? Did this definition differ across Europe and North America? If so,how? How did these ideologies differ from previous beliefs about the origins of the power of the state?

Question 51

What were the primary reasons for the political consolidation of North America and Europe during the nineteenth century? What were the most significant consequences of that consolidation?

Question 52

Magyars in the Austro-Hungarian empire embraced constitutionalism to

A)the presence of the Jews.
B)the lack of racial mixing.
C)degeneration of the Aryan race.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 53

Historian Lord Acton criticized nationalism because it violated what principle of liberalism?

A)originated with Hitler's belief that Jews caused Germany to lose World War I.
B)became acute because of scholarly writings on racism in the 19th century.
C)worked to dispel stereotypes about Jews and to end discrimination.
D)was popular only in Eastern Europe,where Jews were more numerous.

Question 54

What was the purpose of the Great Reform Bill? What did it achieve? Would you call it a "revolutionary" document?

Question 55

Anti-Semitism

A)passage of anti-discrimination legislation.
B)forced evacuation of Jews from volatile areas.
C)opening up of all professions to Jews.
D)creation of a separate Jewish state.

Question 56

What are the origins of 19th and 20th century anti-Semitism? How did Jewish groups react to increasing anti-Semitic activities and beliefs? What is the relationship between anti-Semitism and nationalism?

Question 57

How did liberalism emerge in Russia during the early 19th century? What was the result of that emergence? Was the Russian case unique,or did the fate of liberalism vary with circumstances throughout Europe?

Question 58

Why was the Crimean War fought? Who were the participants and how did the results of the war affect European history in subsequent years?

Question 59

Why were conservatives in Italy and Germany able to become the leaders of unification and take the cause away from the liberals? Why did nationalism became a conservative cause? What kind of countries would have emerged in Italy and Germany had unification been carried out by liberals?