Deck 28: Imperialism and World War I

Question 1

Countries with notable imperial holdings in Asia by 1914 included all of the following except

A)capital investment in a less developed economy.
B)missionary movements to spread Christianity.
C)direct political control over the colony.
D)resettlement of Europeans in the colony.

Answer 1

capital investment in a less developed economy.

Question 2

The Triple Alliance represented what change in German foreign policy?

A)Germany,Austria,and Italy.
B)Russia,Britain,and Austria.
C)Russia,Britain,and France.
D)Germany,Russia,and Italy.

Answer 2

Russia,Britain,and France.

Question 3

Bismarck's complicated system of secret alliances was upset by

A)was formed between Germany and Russia.
B)sought to isolate Russia.
C)was formed between Bismarck and Napoleon III.
D)sought Austrian neutrality if France were attacked.

Answer 3

sought to isolate Russia.

Question 4

The Dual Alliance of 1879

A)Britain,Germany,and France.
B)Germany,Austria,and Italy.
C)Russia,Britain,and France.
D)Austria,Russia,and Britain.

Question 5

In the late 19th century,the United States became an imperialist power in Asia by obtaining

A)protect the Suez Canal.
B)keep communications with India and the Far East open.
C)ensure repayment of debts by the Egyptian government.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 6

The effect of World War I on European imperialism can best be described as

A)the United States.
B)Germany.
C)Russia.
D)Japan.

Question 7

Which best characterizes the aims of Bismarck's diplomacy after 1871?

A)settled the Spanish-American War.
B)freed the Slavic states in the Balkans from Ottoman rule.
C)resulted in the payment of a huge indemnity to the Spanish from the Turks.
D)was a triumph of German diplomacy.

Question 8

The authors' views on explanations for the new imperialism can best be summarized as

A)Korea.
B)Malaysia.
C)the Philippines.
D)parts of the Dutch East Indies.

Question 9

The establishment of the German Empire in 1871

A)attaining a colonial empire and impressing Great Britain
B)dividing up the spoils of the Ottoman Empire with Austria
C)joining Britain and France in alliance
D)achieving stability and isolating France

Question 10

Great Britain intervened in Egypt in order to

A)under international humanitarian norms.
B)as a model for governance and economic development.
C)as the king's own personal property.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 11

The Triple Entente consisted of

A)Russia could not attack Germany for the first six weeks after mobilization.
B)Germany could build a big enough fleet to weaken the British navy.
C)the main reason for acquiring colonies was to gain political leverage in Europe.
D)German alliances should include Austria-Hungary,but not Russia.

Question 12

The Triple Alliance consisted of

A)a switch from an alliance with Russia to an alliance with Italy
B)a switch from an alliance with Austria to an alliance with Russia
C)a switch to a more aggressive imperialism
D)a switch to a more defensive isolationism

Question 13

Under King Leopold II of Belgium,the Congo was administered

A)the annexation of Chinese territory by European powers.
B)allowing all nations to trade on equal terms in China.
C)the division of China into European spheres of influence.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 14

The British were alarmed by the damage the Treaty of San Stefano would do to the _______ and were determined to resist.

A)British insistence on French neutrality.
B)the accession of William II to the German throne.
C)Bismarck's death in 1888.
D)Austrian deception and rejection of the Triple Alliance.

Question 15

New imperialism most commonly took the form of

A)selective endorsement of elements from each theory.
B)informed skepticism.
C)hostile rejection.
D)compelling arguments in favor of the economic explanation,and curt dismissal of the others.

Question 16

According to Tirpitz's risk theory,

A)Bismarck basically agrees with Napoleon's analysis,though he uses different terminology.
B)Bismarck dismisses Napoleon's analysis,then introduces different terminology.
C)Bismarck suggests that Napoleon was right for his time,but that a new model is needed for Bismarck's time.
D)Bismarck argues that the faultiness of his model is what led to Napoleon's defeat.

Question 17

What does Bismarck think of Napoleon's belief that European history represents a struggle between "Republican and Cossack" tendencies (see Bismarck's,Reflections and Reminiscences)?

A)to selectively support Europe's best monarchs,so that they can expand their territories
B)to support all European monarchs in all their endeavors
C)to install democratically elected leaders across all of Europe
D)to help societies escape from the historical cycle of alternating populism and despotism

Question 18

The Open Door policy called for

A)encouraged American intervention in Continental affairs after 1875.
B)upset the European balance of power.
C)blocked Austria's plans to invade Alsace-Lorraine.
D)forced Britain to ally with Austria.

Question 19

The Congress of Berlin in 1878 sought to limit the expansion of

A)pan-Slavic movement
B)Triple Alliance
C)European balance of power
D)colonial economy

Question 20

The Treaty of San Stefano in 1878

A)Russia.
B)Great Britain.
C)Austria-Hungary.
D)Germany.

Question 21

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

A)the United States
B)Germany
C)France
D)Russia

Question 22

The Moroccan Crisis of 1905-1906 resulted in

A)The Russians became even more determined to assert their power in the East.
B)The Russians turned to aggressive diplomacy to re-obtain the lost territory.
C)It contributed to the Russian Revolution of 1905.
D)The Japanese continued their advance to the Urals,but were defeated there in 1905.

Question 23

What does Bismarck ideally hope to achieve (see Bismarck's,Reflections and Reminiscences)?

A)Britain was obliged to aid France in the event of German invasion.
B)Britain was obliged to aid Russia in the event of invasion.
C)Britain and France patched up colonial differences without making a formal alliance.
D)France and Russia became allies.

Question 24

The "blank check" refers to

A)advocated one major battle against the French in Belgium.
B)included the possibility of invasion of England if the continental war was stalemated.
C)proposed attacking first France and then Russia in order to prevent a two-front war.
D)forced Germany to invade Russia before war had been declared.

Question 25

After the Battle of the Marne in 1914,

A)played a decisive role in breaking through the lines of trench warfare,but only near the end of the war.
B)played no role,since they were still strictly experimental.
C)were used by France and the United States in small numbers.
D)were used in large numbers,but they were not deployed effectively until World War II.

Question 26

Violation of Belgian neutrality sent

A)the tide of war in the west turned to the French.
B)the tide of war in the west turned to the Germans.
C)the war became defensive-one of position rather than of movement.
D)poison gas aided the German cause.

Question 27

In 1914,the Archduke Francis Ferdinand was assassinated

A)consciously risking a general war
B)restraining Austria-Hungary throughout
C)trying to keep warfare contained to the Balkans
D)ignorance that its policies might cause a general war

Question 28

The Second Moroccan Crisis of 1911 resulted in

A)by a Bosnian trained by the Black Hand.
B)by a Serb trained by the Black Hand.
C)with the knowledge of the Russian czar.
D)with the knowledge of the Serbian ruler.

Question 29

America entered the war in 1917 because of the

A)War is heroic and glorious.
B)War is a time of brotherhood.
C)War is a means to an end.
D)War is horrific.

Question 30

By the terms of the Entente Cordiale,

A)the independence of Morocco.
B)a formal mutual defense alliance between France and Britain.
C)a division between French and British interests.
D)closer informal cooperation between Britain and France.

Question 31

John Singer Sargent's Gassed reflects which attitude towards WWI?

A)Trotsky.
B)Kerensky.
C)Lenin.
D)the Petrograd Soviet.

Question 32

Which best characterizes German policy during the July crisis of 1914?

A)America's promise of aid to Great Britain.
B)Germany's commitment to support Austria's attack on Serbia.
C)Russian willingness to support the Triple Entente in any way possible.
D)German industrialists' commitment to provide William II with as many weapons as required.

Question 33

Which of these factors contributed most to the victory of the Bolsheviks?

A)Trotskyites and Leninists.
B)followers of Kerensky and Stalin.
C)White and Red Russians.
D)Tsarists and Communists.

Question 34

In 1921,Russia was involved in a civil war between the

A)ended World War I.
B)secured a Russian alliance with Germany.
C)outlawed submarine warfare.
D)took Russia out of the war and ceded territory to Germany.

Question 35

The Bosnian Crisis of 1908 resulted in

A)increased British fear and hostility toward Germany.
B)the French gaining territory in North Africa.
C)the sinking of the German gunboat,Panther.
D)the independence of Morocco.

Question 36

Which country suffered the greatest number of lives lost in World War I?

A)promised the Jews a national home in Palestine.
B)sought the acquisition of Italia Irredenta.
C)proclaimed the "splendid isolation" of Britain from European affairs.
D)carved a corridor through Germany to give Poland access to the sea.

Question 37

The Russian loss to the Japanese in 1904-1905 had which of the following effects?

A)a strain in relations between members of the Triple Alliance.
B)the death of Archduke Ferdinand.
C)the defeat of the Ottoman government by the "Young Turks."
D)German control over Serbia.

Question 38

The Schlieffen Plan

A)France to war.
B)Britain to war.
C)the Americans to war.
D)the Dutch to war.

Question 39

In World War I,armored tanks

A)sinking of the Lusitania.
B)German declaration of unrestricted submarine warfare.
C)Russian Revolution.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 40

After the overthrow of the czar,the provisional government was headed by

A)the oppression of the czarist regime
B)the support by a majority of the population
C)the continuation of the war by the provisional government
D)the support given to them by the Constituent Assembly

Question 41

Why did the United States emerge as a major force in international affairs during the late nineteenth century? Did the United States use its position to good advantage?

Question 42

After the Treaty of Versailles,which of the following empires remained?

A)Germany alone was responsible for the loss and destruction during World War I.
B)German reparations payments would ruin European-wide economic recovery.
C)the settlements of the Treaty of Versailles were insensitive to other ethnic groups.
D)if it were not for Wilson's astute negotiations,the Treaty of Versailles would represent economic disaster.

Question 43

Clause 231 of the Treaty of Versailles declared that Germany

A)Austrian-Habsburg
B)Russian
C)Ottoman
D)None of these.

Question 44

The Balfour Declaration of 1917

A)would not have to pay reparations after World War I.
B)was responsible for all loss and damage during World War I.
C)would have territorial integrity and could not be invaded by France.
D)had to surrender the Rhineland to the French.

Question 45

Detail the Balkan War.Who were the combatants? What was at stake? What influence did Bismarck and other outside powers have on the war? How did the war presage what would be coming in World War I?

Question 46

In his book,The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1920),John Maynard Keynes argued that

A)Germany and the Soviet Union
B)the United States and Germany
C)France and the Soviet Union
D)Turkey and Iraq

Question 47

What was unique about the Belgian acquisition of the Congo? What were the consequences of that acquisition for the populations of the Congo,for Belgium,and for King Leopold?

Question 48

"For all their elegance,the foreign policies of Bismarck contained a fatal flaw: only Bismarck could make them work.Therefore,these policies are not worthy of praise." Evaluate this statement,making sure that you describe the main features of Bismarck's policy.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Question 49

Discuss the Alliance system.How did the creation of formal military pacts contribute to WWI?

Question 50

Assess the settlement of Versailles.What were its good points? Bad points? Was the peace too harsh or too conciliatory? What was the purpose of the League of Nations? Could it have ensured peace in Europe? How might the settlement have been improved?

Question 51

Discuss three different theories of the motivation of the new imperialism.Which theory seems closest to the truth? Can it be applied successfully to all the major imperialist countries?

Question 52

Compare and contrast the colonial experiences of Egypt and the Congo.What motivated European powers to intervene in these countries? What determined the different forms that colonialism assumed in these countries?

Question 53

Why was Lenin successful in establishing the rule of the Bolsheviks? What role did Trotsky play? Was Lenin right in taking Russia out of the war?

Question 54

To what areas of the world did Europe extend its power after 1870? How and why did European attitudes towards imperialism change after 1870? What circumstances sparked the "scramble for Africa" in the late 1870s? What features differentiate the new imperialism from previous imperialistic movements? What features do they have in common?

Question 55

Why did Germany lose the First World War? Could it have won,or was victory never a possibility? Explain.

Question 56

Which two countries were excluded from the peace talks at Versailles?

Question 57

How did the two Moroccan crises contribute to political instability before WWI? What lessons did European powers learn from these events? How did these lessons shape their foreign policies?

Question 58

Describe the style of warfare used in World War I.What new technologies were developed during the war and how did they affect its outcome? What influence do you think the style of warfare had on the soldiers who witnessed and participated in it?

Question 59

How did WWI precipitate the Russian Revolution of 1917? Why were Russian moderates unable to hold on to power after the abdication of the tsar?