Deck 29: Depression, European Dictators, and the American New Deal

Question 1

How best might one characterize "fascism"?

A)terrorist intimidation.
B)skillful propaganda.
C)violent revolution.
D)legal means.

Answer 1

violent revolution.

Question 2

The Italian Fascists used all of the following means to obtain power except

A)liberalism.
B)capitalism.
C)nationalism.
D)Marxism.

Answer 2

nationalism.

Question 3

Kulaks originally were

A)bring the Soviet Union out of the Great Depression.
B)streamline the Russian tax system and eliminate inefficiencies in revenue collection.
C)bring all of the people of Russia together in a united effort to eliminate famine.
D)increase agricultural output through government ownership and control.

Answer 3

increase agricultural output through government ownership and control.

Question 4

Stalin's agricultural policies resulted in

A)the deaths of millions of industrial workers.
B)growth in largely outdated industrial sectors.
C)unprecedented economic growth and new industries.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 5

Stalin's power and influence lay in his

A)to recognize their past contributions,while convincing the reader that kulaks are no longer desirable.
B)to criticize the kulaks for exploiting the landless peasantry.
C)to convince the reader that he,Stalin,hates kulaks.
D)to establish that the liquidation of the kulaks is right,and that peasants recognize its inevitability.

Question 6

In the struggle for power between Trotsky and Stalin,Trotsky urged

A)oratorical abilities.
B)brilliant writings and theories.
C)mastery of the crucial details of party structure.
D)military abilities.

Question 7

Which of the following was not a factor in the coming of the Depression of the 1930s?

A)an absolute economic decline for all people,everywhere.
B)shortages of raw materials,especially food.
C)a frustration of economic and social expectations.
D)the creation of closer international ties among countries.

Question 8

Which best characterizes the New Economic Policy?

A)socialism in one country.
B)exportation of revolution to the world.
C)greater participation by the masses.
D)strict censorship of government opposition.

Question 9

Why did the Versailles settlement foster both resentment and discontent in numerous countries?

A)It secured France's dominant position in Europe.
B)It led to the canceling of all German reparations.
C)It threatened the French economy and alienated the English.
D)It strengthened the League of Nations.

Question 10

Stalin's policy of collectivization was designed to

A)the deaths of millions of peasants.
B)remarkable gains in agricultural productivity.
C)delays in plans for rapid industrialization.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following effectively ended reparations payments?

A)a shortage of agricultural produce
B)a financial crisis stemming directly from World War I
C)a downturn in production and trade
D)the absence of strong economic leadership

Question 12

Stalin's great purges started in the aftermath of

A)old Bolsheviks who had been loyal to others.
B)young up-and-coming Communists who threatened him.
C)foreign agents who had infiltrated the Soviet system.
D)industrial and agricultural workers.

Question 13

What seems to be Stalin's main goal in his statement about the kulaks?

A)prosperous farmers who owned their land.
B)small plots of land that were collectivized.
C)the intellectual opposition to Stalin.
D)nomadic tribesmen with great military skills.

Question 14

Stalin's great purges seemed to be primarily aimed at

A)anti-democratic
B)anti-Marxist
C)anti-Semitic
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 15

Stalin's industrial policies resulted in

A)Lenin's death.
B)Trotsky's exile.
C)Kirov's assassination.
D)the execution of the tsar.

Question 16

For many people at the time,the crises of the 1930s seemed to mark the end of

A)Germany had been humiliated.
B)States in eastern Europe were discontented with border adjustments.
C)France believed that the provisions of the treaty were not being enforced.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 17

Which best describes France's occupation of the Ruhr?

A)Dawes Plan
B)Lausanne Conference
C)Hoover Moratorium
D)Young Plan

Question 18

"War Communism"

A)rapid industrialization at the expense of the peasantry
B)small family farms and privately owned shops and businesses
C)economic centralization and considerable confiscation of property
D)collectivization of agriculture to promote greater efficiency

Question 19

The Depression meant

A)consumers.
B)banks.
C)farmers.
D)underdeveloped nations.

Question 20

Lower wheat prices in the 1920s hurt all of the following except

A)advocated the export of the Russian Revolution to other lands.
B)authorized the government to take over most economic functions.
C)allowed for a return to private enterprise outside of the public sector.
D)called for the collectivization of agriculture and rapid industrial growth.

Question 21

Fascism is most closely allied with

A)by a forceful takeover.
B)by being legally appointed by the king.
C)by winning the majority of the vote in an election.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 22

Kristallnacht was

A)the use of real or imagined enemies to gain mass support.
B)the extralegal seizure of the reins of power.
C)a monopoly over mass communication and propaganda.
D)command over modern technology.

Question 23

The fire in the Reichstag building

A)the capture of full legal authority.
B)state control of the armaments factories.
C)the crushing of all alternative political groups.
D)the purging of rivals within the Nazi party itself.

Question 24

The beer hall putsch of 1923 in Munich

A)prohibited sex between Jews and non-Jews,and excluded Jews from the civil service.
B)prohibited sex between Jews and non-Jews,while allowing Jews to work in the civil service.
C)defined anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent as Jewish,and denied Jews citizenship.
D)defined anyone with at least two Jewish grandparents as Jewish,and denied Jews citizenship.

Question 25

According to the Locarno Agreements,Germany accepted

A)marry non-Jews under special circumstances.
B)display patriotic emblems of the German Reich.
C)wear or use Jewish colors or symbols.
D)employ Germans as domestic servants.

Question 26

Mussolini became the leader of Italy

A)Italian state made peace with the Catholic Church.
B)Italian state restricted the influence of the Catholic Church.
C)Fascists declared the official religion of Italy to be Protestantism.
D)Pope agreed to support Mussolini's goals for the Italian state.

Question 27

Which best explains Hindenburg's decision to appoint Hitler as chancellor in 1933?

A)a forceful takeover.
B)winning the majority of the vote in an election.
C)being legally appointed by the Chancellor.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 28

The Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor (1935)allowed Jews in Germany only to

A)put the Nazi party on the defensive.
B)was used to show that greater force was needed against the German Jews.
C)resulted in greater authority for Hindenburg.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 29

Nazi views on women can best be characterized as

A)agricultural production.
B)the employment rate.
C)international trade.
D)the banking industry.

Question 30

In what sense was Hitler an advocate of socialism?

A)gave Hitler the opportunity to become a national figure.
B)resulted in the execution of the famous general,Ludendorff.
C)was a staggering setback for the new Nazi party.
D)led to the Nazi takeover of Bavaria.

Question 31

The Enabling Act of 1933

A)big business,which provided the capital they needed for political advancement.
B)the lower middle class,which had been devastated by inflation.
C)labor unions whose members had suffered low wages because of the nationalization of industry.
D)Marxist politicians whose aid they needed in a coalition against the Weimar government.

Question 32

Hitler became the leader of Germany by

A)set the armament factories into full production.
B)permitted Hitler to expand his army beyond the limits imposed by the Versailles Treaty.
C)permitted Hitler to rule by decree.
D)was designed to eliminate all Communists from government.

Question 33

Through the Lateran Accord of 1929,the

A)the progressive social policies promised by the Weimar government
B)the allied reparations bill and continued postwar deficit
C)the French invasion of the Ruhr
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 34

In the 1920s and 30s,European dictators shared all of the following characteristics except

A)emphasizing personal responsibility and a strict individualism.
B)more egalitarian than most German women and men were in their personal attitudes.
C)so closely verging on misogynistic that very few women supported the Nazi party.
D)conservative and traditional,but flexible enough to accommodate economic realities.

Question 35

Which of the following contributed to the massive German inflation of the 1920s?

A)It permanently traumatized the middle class.
B)It immediately led to a successful coup against the Weimar Republic.
C)It enabled the country to pay off its entire reparation debt in worthless currency.
D)It was a disaster to all Germans alike.

Question 36

The Nazis tailored their appeal to

A)He belonged to an international movement.
B)He believed in state ownership of the means of production.
C)He advocated a violent proletarian revolution against capitalism.
D)He believed in subordinating all economic enterprise to the welfare of the nation.

Question 37

The Nazi process of consolidation involved all of the following measures except

A)the Nazi destruction of Jewish stores and synagogues.
B)the Nazi program to exterminate German Jews.
C)Hitler's purging of the officer corps of the SA.
D)Hitler's decision to take citizenship away from Jews.

Question 38

Which best characterizes the effect of massive inflation on Germany?

A)Hindenburg was a confirmed Nazi.
B)The Nazis won a majority of the popular vote in the last election.
C)Big business firmly supported the Nazis.
D)The alternative was a coalition that included groups from the political left.

Question 39

Which of these men was primarily responsible for the reconstruction of the Weimar Republic?

A)the Versailles settlement in the west but not in the east.
B)the Versailles settlement in the east but not in the west.
C)the Versailles settlement in both the east and the west.
D)none of the provisions of the Versailles settlement.

Question 40

The Nuremberg Laws of 1935

A)Gustav Stresemann
B)Ernst Roehm
C)Adolf Hitler
D)Paul von Hindenburg

Question 41

New Deal legislation provided a significantly expanded role for

A)the introduction of a mixed economy
B)the preservation of American capitalism
C)the elimination of unemployment before WWII
D)the stabilization of American democracy

Question 42

Which of the following was not a part of the New Deal reform plan?

A)providing money to people to spend as they saw fit.
B)drastically improving the economic infrastructure of the United States.
C)giving jobs to people who otherwise would be unemployed.
D)establishing affirmative action quotas for minorities.

Question 43

Explain the rise of fascism.How were the Fascists able to come to power? What role did the powerful leaders of these movements play? What was the role of propaganda? What were the fascist beliefs? What economic,social,and military changes did they enact?

Question 44

How important was anti-Semitism as a component of National Socialist (Nazi)ideology? Could Nazism have existed without anti-Semitism?

Question 45

Which of the following was not an achievement of the New Deal?

Question 46

Discuss Hitler's economic policies.Why were they successful? Compare and contrast his economic policies with those applied in the United States.In what ways were Roosevelt and Hitler similar in their approach to the economic crisis of the 1930s? In what ways were their political goals different?

Question 47

Compare and contrast Mussolini's Fascism and Hitler's Nazism.Did they have similar economic views? What role did the cult of personality play in their conception of the State? What was the "socialist" component of their ideologies? What role did race play in their conception of nation?

Question 48

Why did Stalin decide that Russia had to industrialize rapidly? Why did this require the collectivization of agriculture? What obstacles stood in the way of collectivization and how did Stalin overcome them?

Question 49

The social programs of the New Deal helped ease economic stress by

A)independent banks.
B)organized labor.
C)private enterprise.
D)women.

Question 50

"There were few or no differences between right-wing and left-wing dictatorships in the 1920s." Evaluate this statement with specific reference to Fascism in Italy and Communism in Russia.Do you agree or disagree?

Question 51

Which country was most successful in meeting the challenges of the Great Depression? What was the secret of their success? What limited the success of other countries?

Question 52

What were the ideological differences between Stalin and Trotsky? Why did Stalin win the struggle between them for control of the Soviet Union?

Question 53

Explain the causes of the Depression of the 1930s.Why was it so much more severe and longer lasting than previous depressions? How,if at all,could it have been avoided?

Question 54

What was the impact of the Versailles Treaty on the defeated nations of World War I? What was its impact on the victors? Why did this treaty create so many problems?

Question 55

In the United States,the Great Depression had its most pervasive impact on

A)Hawley-Smoot Tariff
B)Civilian Conservation Corps
C)Works Progress Administration
D)Tennessee Valley Authority

Question 56

Why were Nazi Germany and the Stalinist Soviet Union considered "police states"? How effective was the apparatus of repression under each regime? Which groups did each regime target for repression or suppression?

Question 57

Could the Weimar Republic have taken root in Germany,or was its failure inevitable? Between 1919 and 1929,what were the republic's greatest weaknesses? Strengths? To what extent did its fate depend on personalities rather than underlying trends?

Question 58

Why did Lenin institute the New Economic Policy? Was it successful? What role did Lenin play in ensuring the success of the Russian Revolution?

Question 59

Compare and contrast Lenin's and Stalin's views of socialism.What were their economic priorities? Which of the two was more ideological? What were their views on nationalism?