Deck 31: The West Since World War II

Question 1

Since 1945,European unity has been achieved primarily in which sphere?

A)limited immigration to Western European countries from Eastern Europe.
B)made proposals that led to a unified European currency.
C)created a common market for goods,labor,and capital in member states.
D)called for the pooling of strategic resources,such as coal.

Answer 1

made proposals that led to a unified European currency.

Question 2

The Treaty of Maastricht (1991)

A)former Communist states.
B)less developed economically than the earlier EU countries.
C)ethnically and linguistically Slavic.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Answer 2

less developed economically than the earlier EU countries.

Question 3

The end of the Cold War has

A)Cuba.
B)Angola.
C)Mexico.
D)Vietnam.

Answer 3

Mexico.

Question 4

The Berlin Wall was erected to

A)the defeat of U.S.troops on Cuban soil.
B)the U.S.blockade of Cuba and removal of Soviet missiles.
C)a successful invasion by pro-Western Cuban forces.
D)the rise of Fidel Castro's communist regime.

Question 5

The United States and the Soviet Union struggled violently,if indirectly,for control over all of the following countries except

A)the Allies ceded control over West Berlin to the Soviets.
B)the people of Berlin were starved into submitting to Soviet demands.
C)the Soviets built the Berlin Wall.
D)Germany was permanently split into eastern and western halves.

Question 6

Which of the following sequences of Cold War events is in the correct chronological order?

A)U.S.spy plane that was shot down over Soviet territory.
B)American ejection of Soviet diplomatic personnel.
C)invasion of Cuba backed by the C.I.A.
D)Soviet spy ring in Washington,D.C.

Question 7

The year 1956 saw all of the following events except

A)Europe's nations could attain a significant degree of unity.
B)NATO was an effective organization.
C)European nations could no longer undertake fully autonomous actions.
D)European unity was impossible.

Question 8

The Cuban missile crisis resulted in

A)a failure of U.S.intelligence.
B)U.S.antipathy to Alexander Dubcek.
C)a desire to escalate United States-USSR tensions.
D)a desire to continue reducing United States-USSR tensions.

Question 9

Imre Nagy was executed in 1958 because of his earlier involvement in

A)was controversial.
B)was deployed by the Soviet Union.
C)was a space-based high-tech defense.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 10

The 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan led to

A)third world power block designed to create more equitable trade relations.
B)common European market for people,goods,and capital.
C)defense alliance designed to protect against Soviet aggression.
D)supranational organization that utilizes a common currency.

Question 11

The primary consequence of the Berlin airlift was

A)Warsaw Pact.
B)Communist Party.
C)European Union (EU).
D)European Economic Community (EEC).

Question 12

The events of 1956 proved that

A)a return to hard-line Communism after the death of the Soviet premier.
B)Hungarian demands for autonomy and desire to withdraw from the Warsaw pact.
C)Hungarian refusal to recognize the Soviet-approved prime minister.
D)Hungarian demands to join NATO.

Question 13

The Strategic Arms Defense Initiative

A)led directly to the collapse of the Soviet Union.
B)contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union.
C)increased the Soviet Union's power over the Communist governments of Eastern Europe.
D)prolonged the existence of the Soviet Union.

Question 14

The U-2 incident of 1960 involved a(n)

A)ensure a steady flow of supplies to the residents of West Berlin.
B)serve as a barricade between the communist countries of Eastern Europe and the West.
C)commemorate the soldiers who freed the city from Nazi control.
D)keep East German refugees from moving to West Berlin.

Question 15

The policy of containment can be best characterized as involving

A)outbreak of Korean War,Berlin Blockade,Berlin Wall erected,Cuban Missile Crisis
B)Berlin Blockade,outbreak of Korean War,Cuban Missile Crisis,Berlin Wall erected
C)Berlin Wall erected,Berlin Blockade,Cuban Missile Crisis,outbreak of Korean War
D)Berlin Blockade,outbreak of Korean War,Berlin Wall erected,Cuban Missile Crisis

Question 16

The authors imply that the U.S.arms buildup under Reagan

A)unyielding military offense and minimal diplomacy.
B)minimal military offense and unyielding military defense.
C)calibrated military defense and unyielding diplomacy.
D)unyielding military defense and calibrated diplomacy.

Question 17

The Communist institution most comparable to NATO was the

A)Hungary and Czechoslovakia
B)Poland and Bulgaria
C)Yugoslavia and Albania
D)East Germany and Hungary

Question 18

The European Economic Community (EEC)was created primarily as a

A)political
B)social
C)economic
D)technological

Question 19

The authors suggest that the U.S.'s reaction to the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia was determined by

A)the U.S.invasion of Afghanistan
B)increased antipathy between the U.S.and U.S.S.R.
C)détente.
D)Afghanistan's membership in the Warsaw Pact.

Question 20

Which Communist countries were not part of the Warsaw Pact?

A)the Suez Canal crisis.
B)an Egyptian-Israeli war.
C)the peace treaty ending the Korean war.
D)the Hungarian rebellion against the Soviet Union.

Question 21

The leader of the Polish Solidarity movement in 1980 was

A)Hungary.
B)Yugoslavia.
C)Poland.
D)East Germany.

Question 22

Perestroika can best be defined as

A)Wojcieck Jaruzelski.
B)Lech Walesa.
C)Tadeusz Mazowiecki.
D)Marshal Tito.

Question 23

The 10 new member countries added to the EU in 2004 can all be characterized as

A)conservatives only.
B)liberals and conservatives.
C)liberals only.
D)government bureaucrats only.

Question 24

Which of the following describes the correct chronological order of Soviet Premiers?

A)a political purge of dissidents.
B)a restructuring of economic and political institutions leading toward reform.
C)economic stagnation and food shortage.
D)government openness to public discussion.

Question 25

Simone de Beauvoir explored the

A)declared segregation illegal.
B)legalized abortion during the first trimester.
C)held that suspects must be informed of their rights.
D)gave black Americans the right to vote.

Question 26

Between 1945 and 1989,the Soviet Union invaded all of the following countries except

A)requires that active citizenship also allow for full expression of faith.
B)is synonymous with the free exercise of worship.
C)guarantees peace,development,and cooperation.
D)is strictly individualistic.

Question 27

In 1989,communist leaders relinquished power in all of the following countries except

A)was orchestrated by NATO.
B)occurred under the orders of the East German government.
C)was postponed until after the unification of East Germany and West Germany.
D)was the initial cause of opposition to East Germany's communist regime.

Question 28

According to Pope Benedict XVI,religious freedom

A)hope,individuals need to provide money.
B)opportunities,individuals need to provide initiative.
C)rights,individuals need to provide obedience.
D)money,individuals need to provide skills.

Question 29

The opening of the Berlin Wall

A)Nicholae Ceausescu.
B)Lech Walesa.
C)Václav Havel.
D)Alexander Dubcek.

Question 30

European women's age of childbearing

A)social and economic advantages European women had over women in other parts of the world.
B)difference that being a woman rather than a man had made in her life.
C)new social freedoms of twentieth century women.
D)difference that being a part of the French intellectual establishment made in her life.

Question 31

Tony Blair's views of the responsibilities of the state and the individual can best be summarized as: government needs to provide

A)collective farms were eliminated.
B)private cultivation was permitted.
C)all agriculture came under state control.
D)mechanization was mandatory.

Question 32

Khrushchev's agricultural policies differed from Stalin's in that

A)Stalin,Khrushchev,Brezhnev,Andropov,Chernenko,Gorbachev
B)Stalin,Chernenko,Brezhnev,Andropov,Khruschev,Gorbachev
C)Chernenko,Stalin,Khruschev,Brezhnev,Andropov,Gorbachev
D)Khruschev,Brezhnev,Stalin,Gorbachev,Andropov,Chernenko

Question 33

The 1954 U.S.Supreme Court decision Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka

A)Great Society.
B)New Deal.
C)New Frontier.
D)Great Leap Forward.

Question 34

Relations between Europeans and their resident Muslim populations have been affected by all of the following except the

A)varies with east-west location and urban-nonurban location.
B)is constant across the continent.
C)has been static for decades.
D)varies randomly.

Question 35

The Watergate scandal led to

A)Afghanistan.
B)Finland.
C)Hungary.
D)Czechoslovakia.

Question 36

In which country were the revolutions of 1989/1990 violent?

A)it lacked the support of the Communist Party.
B)it was led by Gorbachev loyalists who were unpopular.
C)the military bowed to popular pressure to continue on the path towards democracy.
D)Boris Yeltsin crushed the coup with military forces from outlying regions of Moscow.

Question 37

The Czech leader who led the forces against the Communist party in 1989 was

A)Hungary
B)East Germany
C)Romania
D)Czechoslovakia

Question 38

John F.Kennedy's program to promote U.S.interests was entitled

A)the resignation of Gerald Ford.
B)growth of public mistrust of U.S.government.
C)escalation of the Vietnam war.
D)increased civil disobedience against racial discrimination.

Question 39

Between approximately 1950-1985,all of the following groups migrated to Western Europe in significant numbers except

A)September 11,2001 attack on the United States.
B)governments' relative lack of experience in dealing with immigrants.
C)high level of education of the majority of Muslim immigrants.
D)self-contained nature of many Muslim communities.

Question 40

In post-World War II Europe,universal social insurance appealed to

A)Muslims.
B)inhabitants of former colonies.
C)workers from southern Europe.
D)Eastern European refugees.

Question 41

Detail the collapse of Yugoslavia.What was the influence of the end of the cold war on the conflict? What role did nationalism and religion play? Who were the parties involved and what were their goals? Why did the world fail to stop this conflict? What was the role of the United Nations and NATO? Were they successful in stopping ethnic cleansing? Why or why not?

Question 42

What social changes have taken place in Europe during the last half of the twentieth century? Focus on the migration of peoples,new patterns in the workforce,and in the expectations of women.

Question 43

What were the reasons for the creation of the European Economic Community? Why did the organization change its name to the European Union? How successful has that organization been in achieving its goals?

Question 44

The August 1991 coup in the Soviet Union failed because

A)to prevent a new arms race with NATO.
B)so that the Bolshevik Party always retains dominance.
C)to maintain national interests and unity.
D)so that politicians do not become corrupt.

Question 45

Which recent event has led to profound divisions within the NATO alliance system?

Question 46

In 1992,the Serbs pursued a policy of

A)the U.S.invasion of Iraq
B)the adoption of the euro
C)the liberation of former communist nations
D)the Chechen war

Question 47

Describe the collapse of Communist rule in Eastern Europe.Why was it a relatively bloodless revolution?

Question 48

Discuss the fall of the Soviet Union.What were the primary reasons that it could no longer remain a united polity? Why did Gorbachev fail to maintain his hold on power? Do you foresee a future of political instability? Why or why not?

Question 49

Putin claimed that party conflict must be limited

A)Constantine Chernenko.
B)Imre Nagy.
C)Marshal Tito.
D)Slobodan Milosevic.

Question 50

What did Khrushchev do that was a departure from previous Soviet practices? How would you assess the effects of his policies? What effect did they have on Soviet politics under later premiers?

Question 51

Describe the migration of peoples to and within Europe since World War II.What are the primary reasons for the movement of peoples during this period? Where did they move? What effect have these movements had on contemporary politics?

Question 52

What is the significance of the fall of the Berlin Wall? What does it represent for Germany? What does it represent for Western and Eastern Europe respectively? What does it represent for the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism?

Question 53

Yugoslavia's first Communist leader was

A)ethnic cleansing.
B)containment.
C)pluralism.
D)perestroika.

Question 54

What were the reasons for the creation of the European welfare state? What were the primary objections to its creation? What objections emerged or became prominent over time? How has the welfare state changed over time? What has been its impact on European society?

Question 55

Why did Europe and much of the rest of the world come to be dominated by the two superpowers after 1945? Explain how the superpower status of the Soviet Union and the United States differed from that of previous world powers such as the British Empire.

Question 56

How would you characterize the Gorbachev and Yeltsin years in Russia? Was there political openness? How was the economy transformed? Did the shift to capitalism help the Russian people? Was the system free of political corruption?

Question 57

What were the primary goals of the United States during the early years of the Cold War? Why did it institute the Marshall Plan? Why did it institute the policy of containment? How effective were these policies during the 1940s and 1950s?

Question 58

What effect has the September 11,2001 attack on the United States had on international relations? How has the role of the United States changed?