Deck 12: The Islamic World, 1000-1500

Question 1

The grandeur of Spanish Islamic architecture is still visible at the

A)Ruba'iyat
B)Chanson de Roland
C)Travels in Asia and Africa
D)History of Ibn al-Athir

Answer 1

Chanson de Roland

Question 2

The Druze

A)Naples,in southern Italy,under the Fatimid Dynasty.
B)Cordoba,in Spain,under the Umayyad Dynasty.
C)Athens,in Greece,under the Seljuk Dynasty.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Answer 2

Cordoba,in Spain,under the Umayyad Dynasty.

Question 3

The Mamluk sultans

A)India.
B)Afghanistan.
C)Iran.
D)Egypt.

Answer 3

Afghanistan.

Question 4

Sufi brotherhoods or fraternal orders became the

A)a sect of radical Shi'ites that sought to eliminate their religious rivals.
B)a Sunni sect stressing the need for harsh laws to make people live morally.
C)Mongols who systematically tried to kill Muslim religious leaders.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 5

Which of these statements is not true regarding "Twelvers"?

A)Spain.
B)Sind.
C)Iran.
D)Iraq.

Question 6

The Isma'ili branch of Shi'ism

A)They believe in the Mahdi or "guided one."
B)They believe in the martyrdom of the twelve imams.
C)They anticipate the intercession of Muhammad on the Day of Judgment.
D)They controlled Iranian state religion in the sixteenth century.

Question 7

The Fatimids were a

A)are widely recognized as a Muslim sect.
B)professed belief that one of the Fatimid caliphs was the last incarnation of God.
C)used hashish to undertake suicidal missions against Islam's enemies.
D)Muslim religious scholars who maintained order and unity.

Question 8

The original Assassins were

A)were reported to use drugs to manipulate followers into undertaking suicidal assassination missions.
B)recognized their founder as the twelfth imam.
C)recognized the radical theocracy of the Nizari "assassins."
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 9

Sufi piety includes all of the following except

A)purity of heart.
B)the ability to find the goodness in all emotional states.
C)appreciation of beauty.
D)ability to control and direct anger.

Question 10

In European tradition,the _______ recalls Charlemagne's retreat through the Pyrenees after failing to check the first Spanish Umayyad's power.

A)the Spanish Islamic intellectual world.
B)development in Spanish mystical thinking.
C)the reform movement under the Almohad.
D)Spain between Christian and Islamic rules.

Question 11

Shi'ites made up a significant part of the population in all of the following areas except

A)Museo de Barcelona.
B)Alhambra.
C)crusader castle in Antioch.
D)Pharos lighthouse in Alexandria.

Question 12

The cultural center of Western Europe in the 10th and 11th centuries was

A)were descendants of Turkish and Mongol slave officers.
B)established a state based on a military fief system.
C)withstood the Mongol invasions alone among major Islamic dynasts.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 13

El Cid is most closely associated with

A)Shi'ite Dynasty in Tunisia,Morocco,Sicily,and Egypt.
B)Isma'ili Dynasty who ruled from Baghdad.
C)Sunni Dynasty that destroyed the Druze and Isma'ili "assassins."
D)Druze Dynasty in modern day Lebanon.

Question 14

The most important contribution of the Hanbalite school of legal thought to Sunni Islam was that it

A)avoidance of temptation.
B)unemotional worship of God.
C)saint veneration.
D)shrine pilgrimage.

Question 15

One of the most important contributions of the Ghaznavid Dynasty was to

A)Ottoman.
B)Mamluk.
C)Seljuk.
D)Barbar.

Question 16

The Islamic sect that stresses personal piety and embraces spiritualism is

A)stressed reliance only on a literal reading of the Qur'an and the Hadith.
B)pioneered new directions in Islamic theology and doctrinal change during the 11th century.
C)established the first codified Islamic law.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 17

The Ghaznavids established their power in modern

A)make Persian the official language of the Qu'ran.
B)fuse Shi'ite and Sunni beliefs into an all-encompassing form of Islam known as Druze.
C)defeat the Mongols and prevent them from invading the Muslim Near East.
D)introduce Islam into northern India through conquest.

Question 18

According to Jalaluddin Rumi,a Sufi has all of the following attributes except

A)enforcers of Islamic theological unity.
B)basic organizational element of the theological schools at madrasa.
C)chief instruments for the spread of Islam.
D)basis for Islamic doctrinal heresy in the 14th century.

Question 19

Islam,Hinduism,and Buddhism all expanded in the period from 1000-1500 because

A)the political branch of the Islamic church.
B)a college of higher learning based on personal teachings from the Qur'an.
C)a name given to the merchant class to reflect their increasing status.
D)a corporate organization designed to standardize the faith.

Question 20

The madrasa was

A)as a set of rigid theological controls imposed by the Qu'ran.
B)in terms of what Muslims do rather than what they believe.
C)as intolerance within the Muslim ulama.
D)as "prophet-dominated" rather than "idea-dominated" theology.

Question 21

The Muslim scholar Umar Khayyam,who was patronized by the Seljuk rulers,is best known in the West for his

A)Spain.
B)Greece.
C)Ethiopia.
D)Italy.

Question 22

The last great nomadic conqueror from the steppes was

A)an organized yet informal code of law.
B)the new technologies in the production of cannon and firearms.
C)the viceroy system of rule.
D)the buildings he sponsored at Samarkand.

Question 23

The early Arab conquerors in Sind (711 C.E.)treated the Hindus as

A)Zoroastrian priests known as imams.
B)Buddhist monks.
C)Hindu warrior elites known as Rajputs.
D)Shi'ite holy warriors known as Assassins.

Question 24

The religion that virtually disappeared under Muslim control in India was

A)Central Asia
B)East and West Africa
C)Greece and the Balkans
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 25

The first major Turkish dynasty of Islam was the

A)Sunni
B)Shi'ite
C)Sufi
D)Centrist

Question 26

The language of intellectual and court life for the initial Muslim dynasties of North India was

A)one of the major schools of Sunni theology established in the 1000s.
B)Hindu mercenary troops who fought for the Muslims.
C)a series of Turkish-Afghan rulers who governed northern India.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 27

The Sultans of Delhi were

A)Christianity.
B)Hinduism.
C)Buddhism.
D)Jainism.

Question 28

One of the most important developments in the eastern half of the Islamic world between 1000 and 1500 C.E.was the

A)passionate religious tracts.
B)astronomical observations.
C)lyrical poetry of the Ruba'iyat.
D)poetry about the campaigns of El Cid.

Question 29

Ibn al-Athir,a Muslim historian,describes the Mongol invasions as

A)his Mongol kinsman,Berke,who ruled the Golden Horde.
B)Timur the Lame,who resisted incursion into Tatar lands.
C)Ibn al-Athid,the most successful Arabic caliphate of the period.
D)Nizam al-Mulk,the Seljuk vizier.

Question 30

The Hulagu Khan,in his conquest of the Islamic heartlands,spared which of the following?

A)not as quick as the conquests of Alexander the Great.
B)the most terrible event ever to befall the Muslim world.
C)a pathetic attempt to invade a land defended by God's chosen people.
D)a necessary evil to save the world from sin and corruption.

Question 31

According to Muslim scholar Al-Biruni all of the following are reasons why Muslims and Hindus do not get along except

A)Urdu.
B)Arabic.
C)Bantu.
D)Persian.

Question 32

The Mongol leader Hulagu Khan's drive toward the Mediterranean and North Africa was slowed by his rivalry with

A)Saladin.
B)Hulagu Khan.
C)Timur-i Lang.
D)Ghengiz Khan.

Question 33

The Seljuks were supporters of which Muslim religious sect?

A)growing popularity of Hindu ideas among lower class Muslims.
B)violent invasions of the region by the Mongols and their successors.
C)collapse of long-distance trade and the return to local self-sufficiency.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 34

The major obstacle to Islamic expansion in India,was the presence of the

A)the Sanskrit and the Arabic languages are very complex and difficult to learn.
B)Hindus focus their religious disputes against those of other faiths.
C)India and the Islamic empires are trade rivals.
D)Indian children are taught that Islamic customs are evil.

Question 35

Which of the following was a major agent or contributing factors of the endurance of Islam in Indian culture?

A)Islam was the most important element in Indian civilization during the period.
B)Islam had no competition among other religious practices and faiths.
C)Islam became the majority religion in most regions of South Asia.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 36

According to Map 12-1,by 1500 C.E.the Christians had reconquered

A)the Hindus because of their lack of resistance
B)the Shi'ites because of their cooperation
C)the Christians because of his wife's influence
D)the Sufis because of their solitary nature

Question 37

From 1000 to 1500 C.E.,Islam spread into which of the following areas?

A)Sufi orders.
B)the Herat school.
C)the Turkoman dynasties.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 38

Timur the Lame's primary contribution as a ruler was

A)Parthians and Romans.
B)Gupta India and the Seljuks.
C)Byzantines and Seljuks.
D)Fatimids and Georgian states.

Question 39

Conversion of people in central Eurasia,India,and Africa to Islam and the absorption of Muslim cultural influences came about mainly through the efforts of

A)the activities of the Turkomans
B)political and social stability resulting from successful defense from the Mongols
C)firearms
D)Sanskrit

Question 40

Based on Map 12-2,the main powers competing for control of the Middle East in the eleventh century were the

A)slaves.
B)protected people.
C)second-class citizens.
D)outcasts.

Question 41

What role did the ulama play in the political,social,and religious development of each of the great Islamic civilizations? How did their roles differ in different Islamic regions? What accounts for these differences?

Question 42

What were the social and political roles of the ulama in the Islamic world? Compare and contrast these roles with the role of the Catholic Church in the Carolingian period.

Question 43

What were the conditions that allowed the Islamic world to survive invasions from 945 C.E.on? How did these invasions impact the Islamic world?

Question 44

The coming of Islam to India

A)eventually reigned supreme over Muslim armies.
B)controlled the northern areas of India.
C)was one of India's most lavishly developed cities.
D)became a center for European colonization of India.

Question 45

The Kingdom of Vijayanagar (1336-1565 C.E.)

Question 46

What was the origin of Sufism and how did Sufism impact the Islamic world?

Question 47

What prevented the development of a large empire like the Abbasid Caliphate in the period from 1000-1500? How did the lack of a large empire impact the development of the Islamic world in this period?

Question 48

During the Muslim infiltration of India from 1000 to 1500,what happened to the other religious traditions which Islam encountered? Most specifically,address the fate of the Jain tradition,Buddhism,and Hinduism.

Question 49

Why were the Mongols able to defeat the Muslim armies in the thirteenth century? What were the military tactics of the Mongols? How did the large Mongol Empire contribute to the defeat of Muslim control in the heartland?

Question 50

Describe the political,social and economic conditions in the Islamic heartlands from 945 to 1500.What was the role of the Sunni and Shi'ite sects in this time period? How did the Mongols and the Turks alter the culture in the heartland? Why did Islam survive these outside invasions?

Question 51

Describe the impact of the Muslim states on Northern India.Why did a unified state collapse in a short period of time? What was the role of the Rajput? Why was Persian the language of the ruling elite?

Question 52

From the beginning,Muslim leaders faced the problem of ruling an India dominated by an utterly different culture and religion.Discuss the problems of Muslim conquerors.What were their primary obstacles to stable rule and how did they deal with them?

Question 53

Discuss the cultural developments in Spain from 945-1500.Why were the Berbers important in this movement? Why was Cordoba considered an example of cultural progress? Why were certain Christian and Jewish groups persecuted in this time of great cultural development?

Question 54

The period from roughly 1000 to 1500 saw the spread of Islam as a lasting religious,cultural,and political force in world history.Where specifically did Islam spread and how was it introduced to these new regions? Why was it successful?

Question 55

The coming of Islam to South Asia signaled an epochal historical change because

A)Perso-Hindi
B)Urdu-Hindi
C)Perso-Arabic
D)Dakani-Arabic

Question 56

Compare and contrast the political,social,economic,and cultural developments of the Christian West and the Islamic civilizations in the period from 1000-1600.What role did religion play in the relative successes of each of them? Compare and contrast the limitations each faced in political unification.What factor or factors do you think best account for their major differences?

Question 57

The coming of large numbers of Muslims to the subcontinent led to the emergence of which new language?

A)resulted in bitter wars with the Buddhist majority.
B)contributed to the final elimination of Buddhism as a major religion in the land of its birth.
C)resulted in the disappearance of the Hindu religion and culture.
D)both contributed to the final elimination of Buddhism as a major religion in the land of its birth,and resulted in the disappearance of the Hindu religion and culture.

Question 58

What was the impact of Timur-i Lang (Tamerlane,Timur the Lame)on the Islamic heartland? What motivated his conquests? Why did the Mongols fail to stop this invasion?