Deck 15: Europe to the Early 1500s: Revival, Decline, and Renaissance

Question 1

The group that benefited the most from the Investiture Controversy was the

A)permanent Christian kingdoms were established in the Near East.
B)the Black Death spread from Europe to Asia.
C)trade and cultural exchanges with Asia were encouraged.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Answer 1

trade and cultural exchanges with Asia were encouraged.

Question 2

The Cluny reform movement sought to

A)German regional princes.
B)monks living in Dominican monasteries.
C)German kings of the Holy Roman Empire.
D)bishops living in non-German areas of Europe.

Answer 2

German regional princes.

Question 3

The final re-conquest of Spain from the Turks took place in the

A)the agricultural productivity of the land surrounding Jerusalem.
B)Jesus lived and died in Jerusalem.
C)Jerusalem's importance as a trading entrepôt.
D)the people of the Jerusalem desired liberation from Turkish despotism.

Answer 3

Jerusalem's importance as a trading entrepôt.

Question 4

The greatest accomplishment of Philip II Augustus was to

A)Louis IX
B)Philip II Augustus
C)Henry II
D)Frederick I Barbarossa

Question 5

The most common role for women in the European Middle Ages was

A)wine and furs.
B)leather and olive oil.
C)cloth and wine.
D)leather and furs.

Question 6

Religion and society were among the subjects

A)led to united rule of Germany and England.
B)came at the expense of religious institutions in northern Europe.
C)led to united rule of Germany and Italy.
D)undercut the power of the pope.

Question 7

Which is the best summary of the authors' introductory overview of the late Middle Ages?

A)that scholars re-examined in the Late Middle Ages.
B)that were considered taboo for scholars in the Late Middle Ages.
C)in which scholars of the Late Middle Ages built on medieval thinking.
D)that scholars virtually ignored in the Late Middle Ages.

Question 8

The Magna Carta is considered the cornerstone of modern English law because it

A)regain much of the Roman Empire for Byzantium.
B)greatly strengthen royal authority in France.
C)drive the Muslims out of Spain.
D)promote the Carolingian Renaissance.

Question 9

During the Late Middle Ages the economic and political power of the nobility

A)peasants.
B)slaves.
C)clergy.
D)nobility.

Question 10

_______ was the first of the Hohenstaufens,reestablished imperial authority,and initiated a new phase in the contest between popes and emperors.

A)led to the reestablishment of the Holy Roman Empire.
B)was waged between Charlemagne and the Byzantine Empire.
C)was fought by the feudal monarchs of England and France.
D)was the Muslim name for the Crusades.

Question 11

Perhaps the best index of popular piety and support for the popes in the High Middle Ages was the

A)increased due the frequency of warfare.
B)declined due to changing military tactics and demographic shifts.
C)remained relatively stable because of the continued weakness of kings.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 12

The Hundred Years' War

A)internal disunity and less money
B)smaller population and less money
C)mediocre leaders and less effective weapons
D)smaller population and less effective weapons

Question 13

As compared to its experience in the early Middle Ages,Europe in the High Middle Ages was

A)Political and religious institutions grew steadily stronger throughout Europe.
B)Populations grew,while cultural institutions faced severe challenges.
C)Political conflicts killed as much as one third of the population.
D)Populations and religion faced severe challenges,while culture blossomed.

Question 14

The earliest European universities appeared in

A)granted legal equality to all subjects,male and female.
B)recognized the English king as divine-right ruler.
C)established the principle of one man,one vote in all national elections.
D)set limits on royal power and insured the right of representation to certain groups in society.

Question 15

One of the most important results of the Crusades was that

A)11th century CE.
B)8th century CE.
C)15th century CE.
D)17th century CE.

Question 16

Two major trade products of medieval France were

A)by committees of free citizens.
B)by a combination of religious leaders and noblemen.
C)by a class that combined those wealthy by inheritance with wealthy long-distance traders.
D)directly by kings or emperors.

Question 17

The Revival of the Empire enacted by Otto I

A)remove the clergy from royal authority.
B)strengthen the powers of the Holy Roman Emperor.
C)rejoin the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches.
D)abolish monasticism and promote clerical marriage.

Question 18

Pope Urban II justified a Crusade to take Jerusalem based on all of the following claims except

A)willingness with which people paid the church tax known as the taille.
B)response to the church's call for crusades to liberate the Holy Land.
C)way in which kings willingly complied with papal commands.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 19

All of the following constituted significant parts of the medieval social order except

A)"blue-collar" worker.
B)housewife.
C)nun.
D)teacher

Question 20

After around 1100,European towns were generally governed

A)Italy,France,and Spain.
B)Italy,France,and Germany.
C)Spain,England,and Germany.
D)Spain,Portugal,and Italy.

Question 21

Renaissance thought was deeply concerned with all of the following except

A)state-building and political participation.
B)artistic expression.
C)agricultural production.
D)education.

Question 22

France suffered from what relative disadvantages during the Hundred Years' War?

A)the devastation of France.
B)the awakening of French nationalism and movement toward unity.
C)increased burdens on the English peasantry.
D)the rise of Burgundy to the status of a major European power.

Question 23

The main goal of the education provided by the universities that arose in Europe during the High Middle Ages was to

A)provide technical training for aspiring businessmen and merchants.
B)support research aimed at discovering the laws of physical nature.
C)organize and harmonize traditionally accepted truths.
D)replace the church and the clergy as the source of "knowledge."

Question 24

The Black Death resulted in all of the following except

A) greater equality between men and women.
B) a fall in agricultural prices.
C) an increase in the power of trade guilds.
D) a rise in prices of manufactured goods.

Question 25

Franciscans and Dominicans differed from members of other religious orders because they

A)lived according to a special ascetic rule.
B)went out into the world in order to preach the church's mission.
C)were permitted to marry and have children.
D)often spoke multiple languages in addition to Latin.

Question 26

In Europe,the first known cases of the Black Death appeared in

A)Italian and French ports and islands.
B)the British Isles.
C)the Iberian peninsula.
D)the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 27

One of the dominant features of Renaissance thought was a(n)

A)study of ancient Greek and Roman culture.
B)hostility to all forms of Christian religion.
C)admiration for Chinese philosophy.
D)distrust of all government and political authority.

Question 28

Which potential empire was thwarted by united European opposition,and dissolved entirely following the death of Charles the Bold?

A)Ferdinand and Blanche of Castile
B)Philip II and Johanna
C)Ferdinand and Isabella
D)Henry of Navarre and Catherine of Aragon

Question 29

Ivan II (also called the Great or the Terrible)'s main contribution to Russian state-building was the

A)end of Mongol rule and the unification of northern Russia under the control of Moscow.
B)development of Kiev as a magnificent political and cultural center.
C)decision to make Greek Orthodoxy the national religion.
D)foundation of Russian universities similar to European institutions.

Question 30

The Great Schism

A)was a division within the College of Cardinals.
B)involved the division between Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Christianity.
C)actually strengthened the papacy.
D)resulted in rival popes supported by competing alliances of European states.

Question 31

Renaissance art borrowed characteristics of Greco-Roman art,including all of the following except

A)an emphasis on balance,harmony,and symmetry.
B)the use of linear perspective and shading techniques such as chiaroscuros.
C)a preoccupation with the beauty of the human form.
D)the depiction of mythological themes.

Question 32

Which of the following was not a feature of the 14th century crisis in medieval Europe

A)massive population losses due to the Black Death.
B)large-scale peasant rebellions in response to increased burdens by the state and private landlords.
C)religious uncertainty causing disputes between kings and popes.
D)intellectual doubt produced by the discovery of the Americas.

Question 33

Politically,the plague resulted in

A) the decline of the feudal nobility and the centralization of the state.
B)the decline of the monarchy and the centralization of feudal government.
C)the rise of the church in prestige and popularity.
D)the decline of the church in prestige and popularity.

Question 34

All of the following were consequences of the Hundred Years' War except

A)infestation of Europe by diseased rats and fleas
B)overpopulation of Europe
C)increased trade contacts with the Near East and steppes
D)pollution of the water supply of the major cities of Italy

Question 35

Petrarch,Dante,and Boccaccio were

A)political leaders of Florence.
B)military strongmen,or podesta,who maintained order.
C)humanist literary figures.
D)Greek scholars who emigrated to Italy following the fall of Constantinople.

Question 36

In The Oration on the Dignity of Man,Pico della Mirandola contends that human beings are unique because they

A)taxes on basic foods,such as the French gabelle or salt tax.
B)taxes on commercial transactions,such as the alcabala in Spain.
C)the establishment of a system of public debt,based on the use of municipal and national bonds.
D)forced or voluntary loans from rich citizens,such as the Medici in Florence.

Question 37

Renaissance humanists are best described as

A)advocates of a liberal arts program of study.
B)lawyers and judges trained in Muslim as well as Roman law.
C)experts in the new disciplines of psychology and sociology.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 38

Unam Sanctam was a

A)papal bull designed to eliminate the Cathar heresy.
B)papal bull calling for unity for the purpose of launching a new crusade.
C)statement of papal power issued by Boniface VIII.
D)statement of a slate of reforms to church practices.

Question 39

Machiavelli wrote The Prince in the hope that the

A)French would restore political order in Italy.
B)pope would actively promote a worldly order of Christians.
C)Italian ruler would emerge from the Medici family.
D)Spanish would remove the French from Italy.

Question 40

While English and French monarchs increased their powers in the 12th and 13th centuries,German emperors generally grew weaker because of their

A) fascination with religious mysticism.
B)alliance with Muslim states,which created hostility among most Europeans.
C)repeated conflicts with the papacy.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 41

Spain unified when the following monarchs married:

Question 42

"The relations between Church and State during the Middle Ages were highly paradoxical.On the one hand,each institution desperately needed the other in order to exist; on the other hand,each institution by its very nature was bound to be antagonistic to the other." Comment on this statement.

Question 43

What were some of the major intellectual trends among scholars and universities of the High Middle Ages? With what issues were scholars like Peter Abelard concerned? What impact did scholasticism have on medieval culture?

Question 44

What was the Renaissance a rebirth of? What does this rebirth suggest about attitudes towards the Middle Ages? Why do you think that people tried to recreate older civilizations instead of creating a new one? How successful do you think they were at recreating the ancient world?

Question 45

What important developments and new ideas marked the transition from the early Middle Ages to the High Middle Ages?

Question 46

What issues led to the attempt to reform and centralize the Church starting in the eleventh century? How did political struggles between the church and state impact the development of a strong papacy?

Question 47

Contrast some of the factors that led to the unification of France and Spain with those that prevented the unification of Italy and the Holy Roman Empire.What are the primary characteristics of the "modern state"?

Question 48

What were the primary motivations for the Crusades? Why did the Church support them? Why did so many Europeans enlist to fight in them? How would you evaluate their overall success? What do you think the primary long-term effects of the Crusades were?

Question 49

Describe the major changes to European society in the late Middle Ages.What do you think were the primary forces that compelled these changes? Which groups benefited from these changes and which did not?

Question 50

What started the Hundred Years' War? What were the underlying causes of the conflict? What advantages did each side have? Why were the French finally able to remove the English from France?

Question 51

What were the major developments in art and architecture in the High Middle Ages,and how did they differ from or influence those of the Renaissance?

Question 52

"The Middle Ages might best be considered a period of chaos and disunity." Do you agree with this assessment? What political,social and economic factors contributed to instability and disunity in medieval civilization,and what factors worked toward stabilizing the society?

Question 53

Discuss the struggles between the political and religious rulers of Europe during the Middle Ages.What do you think was the origin of these conflicts? How were they resolved? By the end of the Middle Ages,which side do you think had the upper hand? How do you think each achieved relative dominance over the other?

Question 54

A common assumption is that creative work proceeds best in periods of calm and peace.Is the assumption a valid one? How is it possible to explain the simultaneous political instability and cultural productivity of the Italian scene?

Question 55

What effects did the Black Death have on European society in the short term? In the long term? Some historians have argued that the Black Death was actually a positive occurrence for Europe.Do you agree or disagree with this assessment?