Deck 16: Europe, 1500-1650: Expansion, reformation, and Religious Wars

Question 1

The Northern Renaissance was different from the Italian Renaissance because most of its leading figures

A)Spanish church leaders had carried out clerical reforms earlier.
B)there were fewer people who could read Latin in Spain than in northern Europe.
C)most Spaniards were preoccupied with colonizing the Americas.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Answer 1

Spanish church leaders had carried out clerical reforms earlier.

Question 2

During the Peasants Revolt,Luther sided with the

A)spiritual devotion to the doctrines of Lutheranism.
B)desire to be freed from economic restraints.
C)ability to participate in political decision making.
D)support for the Holy Roman emperor,as opposed to local landlords.

Answer 2

desire to be freed from economic restraints.

Question 3

For Europe,the late 15th and 16th centuries were a period of

A)between the Protestant and Catholic churches.
B)for the riches of the spice trade.
C)to create larger empires as a mark of power.
D)to break the power of European nobility.

Answer 3

for the riches of the spice trade.

Question 4

In their grievances,the peasants of Memmingen emphasized their

A)reformers must adhere to a strict moral code.
B)whatever lacked literal support in the Bible was not to be believed or practiced.
C)salvation is to be based on faith alone.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 5

Ulrich Zwingli's guideline for reform stated that

A)It was a Protestant practice,and all Protestant practices were capital offenses.
B)Rebaptism was an aspect of transubstantiation,which was considered treasonous.
C)Anabaptists,who practiced rebaptism,separated from society,which was considered dangerous.
D)It was an Anarchist practice,so it was considered treasonous.

Question 6

Which of the following does not have a close causal connection to the Reformation?

A)Heidelberg.
B)Mainz.
C)Leipzig.
D)Erfurt.

Question 7

Martin Luther made separate German translations of the New and the Old Testaments

A)was distracted by foreign wars.
B)failed to recognize it as a threat to the unity of his empire.
C)was an incompetent general and administrator.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 8

Charles V failed to stamp out Protestantism within the empire because he

A)the Netherlands.
B)Spain.
C)France.
D)parts of the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 9

Martin Luther insisted that the only way to salvation was as a result of

A)were designed to reconcile his ideas with those of Zwingli.
B)challenged the practice of selling indulgences.
C)called for changes in the priesthood.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 10

The European voyages of discovery primarily originated with competition

A)China was largely economically self-sufficient.
B)the imperial government was intolerant of other religions.
C)the empire was difficult to administer and constantly under attack.
D)Confucianism did not put a high value on merchants and trade.

Question 11

Johann Gutenberg invented printing with movable type around 1450 in the German city of

A)was a unified church that provided a new alternative to Catholic worship.
B)broke up into a number of smaller denominations.
C)was often tolerant of Catholics who lived within its area of influence.
D)gained the most support in the largest countries of Europe.

Question 12

The Protestant faith

A)loyalty to the Vatican.
B)performing "good works."
C)faith alone.
D)a combination of faith and good works.

Question 13

One of the main reasons Protestant criticisms of the church did not find support in Spain was because

A)the powerful personality of Martin Luther.
B)the corruption and worldliness of the papacy.
C)the resentment of many Germans about Italian domination of the Catholic hierarchy.
D)the discovery of the Americas.

Question 14

Legacies of Spanish rule in the Americas include

A)Cuba.
B)Angola.
C)Ceylon.
D)Australia.

Question 15

The empire of Charles V included all of the following except

A)peasants.
B)princes.
C)Catholic church.
D)Anabaptists.

Question 16

Columbus's voyage of 1492 marked the

A)egalitarian social structure.
B)Roman Catholicism.
C)strong,independent economies.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 17

According to Map 16-1,in the 15th and 16th centuries the Spanish and Portuguese explored all of the following areas except

A)promoted Humanism rather than Scholasticism.
B)were less willing to write for lay audiences.
C)came from more diverse backgrounds and were more devoted to religious reforms.
D)did not publish their writings.

Question 18

Luther's ninety-five theses

A)around 1510.
B)in the mid-1520s.
C)in 1532.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 19

Why was rebaptism a capital offense in the Holy Roman Empire after 1529?

A)the literal truth of the Scriptures.
B)divine predestination and the need to create a godly society.
C)the absolute separation of church and state.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 20

China did not continue its voyages of exploration for all of the following reasons except

A)beginning of "Columbian Exchange."
B)start of the destruction of native civilizations in the Americas.
C)rise of Spain to a major political role in Europe.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 21

In what region did Lutheranism tend to be the majority faith?

A)a slim Protestant majority,with Catholics strong in the east.
B)a slim Protestant majority,with Catholics strong in the west.
C)a slim Catholic majority,with Protestants strong in the north.
D)a slim Catholic majority,with Protestants strong in the south.

Question 22

The Council of Trent did all of the following except

A)whoever controls the religion may rule.
B)he who controls the land may determine its religion.
C)whoever reigns may also serve as head of the religion.
D)the king should always support the established religion.

Question 23

In 1600,Lutheranism had strong support in all of the following countries except

A)young unmarried women,showing that men feared women's sexuality.
B)older unmarried women,showing fear of female economic dependence.
C)older married women,showing fear of female control over the household.
D)young married women,showing fear of female infidelity.

Question 24

In 1600,Calvinism had strong support in all of the following countries except

A)Germany.
B)Sweden.
C)the Netherlands.
D)Denmark.

Question 25

Elizabeth I's religious settlement can best be described as

A)French division of and control over the duchies of Germany.
B)the formation of a Catholic League in Bavaria.
C)the decentralization of Germany for two centuries to come.
D)the legal recognition of Calvinism as an established religion.

Question 26

Most of the victims of the witch hunts were

A)Accused witches' property was donated to local churches
B)By eliminating competition in the practice of 'magic'
C)By reducing satanic influence
D)By ending the practice of midwifery

Question 27

In general,which faith was most compatible with absolute monarchy?

A)Baltic Sea
B)Mediterranean
C)British Isles
D)Balkans

Question 28

The religious composition of the Holy Roman Empire in 1618 can best be described as

A)France.
B)the Netherlands.
C)Scotland.
D)Denmark.

Question 29

The Society of Jesus (Jesuits)was

A)affirm the role of good works in salvation.
B)take steps to curtail the selling of religious offices.
C)recognize the importance of humanist education for the clergy.
D)affirm the reality of purgatory.

Question 30

The St.Bartholomew's Day Massacre resulted in

A)recognized Catholic religious freedoms.
B)recognized Huguenot religious freedoms and rights of Protestants to participate in French public institutions.
C)was promulgated by Henry IV and provided for religious toleration in England.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 31

The Edict of Nantes

A)the disguised implementation of virtually all of Calvin's main ideas.
B)a compromise.
C)a return to Catholicism with minor concessions to Lutherans.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 32

A politique was

A)French Catholics.
B)French merchants.
C)French Calvinist Protestants.
D)elite French troops.

Question 33

Catherine de Medici's first concern was to

A)a new and expanded wave of warfare among Protestants and Catholics.
B)the massacre of thousands of Catholics.
C)the destruction of Calvinism in France.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 34

Ignatius of Loyola advocated

A)a religious order created to help defend Catholicism.
B)the most militant supporters of Luther.
C)Calvinists in France.
D)a group that sought to promote harmony between Catholics and Protestants.

Question 35

The Huguenots were

A)preserve the French monarchy using whatever allies she could find.
B)unite the French and Spanish monarchies under Catholicism.
C)transform France along Calvinist lines.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 36

The origins of the Protestant Reformation in England were mainly in

A)a political bureaucrat in France.
B)a religous ideologue in France who gladly sacrificed political unity for the sake of theological doctrine.
C)a French pragmatist who tended to subordinate theological doctrine to political unity.
D)a conservative advisor to the king of France.

Question 37

The phrase,cuius regio,eius religio,means

A)Anabaptists and Jesuits
B)Calvinists and Lutherans
C)only Lutherans
D)only Calvinists

Question 38

Calvinists were the most zealous reformers because they believed in

A)rigorous self-discipline and complete submission to the authority of the Catholic Church.
B)a sympathetic acceptance of Protestantism.
C)increased use of the Inquisition to promote morality.
D)the abolishment of serfdom and other social reforms based on religious principles.

Question 39

The Thirty Years' War and the treaty that followed resulted in all of the following except

A)Lutheran
B)Calvinist
C)Anabaptist
D)Catholic

Question 40

Which of the following Protestant groups were included in the provisions of the Peace of Augsburg?

A)Henry VIII's battle with the pope over his divorce.
B)the wide support enjoyed by John Calvin's ideas.
C)the desire of English nobles to overthrow the king.
D)the missionary activities of the Huguenots.

Question 41

What did the Reformation accomplish? Did it change society very little or did it bring about fundamental and important changes in people's lives? Be specific in your answer.

Question 42

What was the impact of Renaissance humanism on the Reformation in various parts of Europe? Compare and contrast the teachings of Luther,Calvin,and Zwingli to some of the significant themes that emerged from the Renaissance.To what extent could the Reformers be called humanists?

Question 43

How did Spain achieve a position of dominance in the 16th century? What were her strengths as a nation? Her weaknesses? What were Philip II's goals? Which ones were not successful and why? How might European history have been different had the Spanish Armada been victorious?

Question 44

Discuss the religious divisions within the Holy Roman Empire.How did these divisions come about? What was the result of these religious divisions? Who held authority to decide what religion a state adhered to?

Question 45

How could witch hunts be said to have served the interest of the clergy?

A)Blaise Pascal.
B)John Locke.
C)Thomas Hobbes.
D)William Shakespeare.

Question 46

Thomas Hobbes,the most original political thinker of the seventeenth century,

Question 47

"The Thirty Years' War is the outstanding example in European history of meaningless conflict." Evaluate this statement.How could the war have been avoided?

Question 48

The most widely-recognized author of the Renaissance was the English poet and playwright

A)seek freedom from the state in pastoral existence.
B)work communally with others to peacefully create the state.
C)seek peace with others.
D)endlessly desire power until death.

Question 49

Why did the Reformation begin in Germany? What political factors contributed to the success of the Reformation in Germany as opposed to France,for example,or Spain and Italy?

Question 50

What were the most important teachings of Calvin? How did Calvinism differ from Lutheranism? To what issues was Calvin reacting? How did Calvinism impact Geneva? How did it impact Europe?

Question 51

The seventeenth century is sometimes labeled as a period of crisis by historians.Do you agree or disagree with this assessment? In what ways does Europe in the first half of the seventeenth century exhibit signs of being in political,religious,social,or intellectual crises? In what ways does it not seem to be in the throes of a crisis?

Question 52

What were the chief beliefs and teachings of Zwingli? How did Zwingli's teachings differ from or resemble those of Lutheranism and Calvinism? What impact did Zwingli and his followers have on Switzerland? What impact did Zwingli and his followers have on the rest of Europe?

Question 53

What was the fundamental issue faced by Luther in the Peasants Revolt? What were the peasants' demands,and how did so many of the people learn a good deal about matters of religious doctrine? Why did Luther not support them?

Question 54

According to Thomas Hobbes,the basic nature of humans is to

A)the only form of government that could tame the warlike human nature.
B)inconsistent with civil society.
C)the easiest route for people to live in peace.
D)a divinely mandated form of human government.

Question 55

What developments in society and technology during the 15th and 16th centuries changed the way people viewed the world? What effect did the rise of humanism have on that world view? How did humanism affect religion?

Question 56

Defend one of the following assertions: the Reformation was the culmination of the medieval experience; or,the Reformation was the beginning of the modern age.

Question 57

According to John Locke,absolute monarchy was

A)advocated a commonwealth.
B)developed a defense of absolute royal authority which did not depend on ideas of divine right.
C)sought to infuse politics with religious meaning.
D)based his ideas on an optimistic view of human nature.

Question 58

What part did politics play in the religious positions of French leaders? How did the king (or his regent)decide which side to favor? What led to the infamous St.Bartholomew's Day Massacre and what results did it achieve?

Question 59

What were the most important teachings of Luther? To what conditions in the church and society was he reacting? How did his teachings criticize aspects of the Catholic Church? How did Lutheranism impact Europe?