Deck 15: Motivating Employees

Question 1

According to Maslow's theory,when does a need stop motivating?

A)when an individual cannot satisfy it
B)when it is substantially satisfied
C)when an individual returns to a lower level of need
D)when an individual achieves self-actualization

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Highly motivated employees can exert high levels of effort even when their needs do not match the interests of the organization.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The need for such factors as status,recognition,attention,self-respect,autonomy,and achievement occur at which level on Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A)physiological
B)esteem
C)social
D)self-actualization

Answer 3

B

Question 4

High levels of effort are unlikely to lead to favourable job performance unless ________.

A)technology is also considered
B)the effort also benefits the organization
C)teamwork is also considered
D)Theory X assumptions are applied

Question 5

Growth,achieving one's potential,self-fulfillment,and the drive to become what one is capable of becoming all occur at which level on Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A)esteem
B)social
C)self-actualization
D)psychological

Question 6

________ motivation comes from such things as pay,bonuses,and other tangible rewards.

A)Work-related
B)Job performance
C)Organizational
D)Extrinsic

Question 7

The motivation process moves from unsatisfied need to tension to ________.

A)satisfied need
B)tension reduction
C)psychological stress
D)effort

Question 8

A retired senior who goes back to college to pursue a degree because she always wondered if she was capable is most likely focused on what need?

A)safety
B)social
C)esteem
D)self-actualization

Question 9

According to Maslow,an employee who has a need for more self-respect has unmet ________ needs.

A)safety
B)social
C)esteem
D)self-actualization

Question 10

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,when an employer provides his employees health insurance,he is taking care of their ________ needs.

A)safety
B)social
C)esteem
D)physiological

Question 11

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,________ needs are predominantly satisfied externally while ________ needs are satisfied internally.

A)social; physiological
B)safety; self-actualization
C)social; safety
D)physiological; safety

Question 12

The three key elements in the definition of motivation are ________,.

A)effort,expectancy,and rewards
B)ability,goals,and effort
C)intensity,direction,and persistence
D)working conditions,recognition,and rewards

Question 13

According to McGregor's Theory Y perspective,employees ________.

A)dislike work
B)want to avoid responsibility
C)need to be closely controlled to perform
D)consider work a natural activity

Question 14

In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,when a company has a space where employees can meet during breaks and catch up with each other,the company is taking care of the employees' ________ needs.

A)safety
B)self-actualization
C)social
D)group

Question 15

Individuals differ in motivational drive which can vary from situation to situation.

Question 16

John has a job that pays well,is recognized for his contribution to the organization,and has an active social life.His overpowering drive now is to become all that he is capable of becoming.John is focused on which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A)esteem
B)social
C)philosophical
D)self-actualization

Question 17

Motivation is a personality trait that some people have and some do not.

Question 18

Motivation is a process where person's efforts are energized,directed,and sustained toward a goal.

Question 19

In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,when a company names an "Employee of the Month" and "Employee of the Year," the company is addressing employees' ________ needs.

A)safety
B)self-actualization
C)social
D)esteem

Question 20

Individual motivation ________.

A)is a personality characteristic
B)leads people to act in a set way
C)varies from situation to situation
D)can be difficult to control

Question 21

According to the three-needs theory,the need for ________ is the drive to succeed and excel in relation to a set of standards.

A)affiliation
B)power
C)achievement
D)self-actualization

Question 22

According to Herzberg,when ________ factors are present,people won't be dissatisfied,but they won't be satisfied either.

A)intrinsic
B)motivating
C)performance
D)hygiene

Question 23

Irene,a CEO of a small company,strongly believes in Douglas McGregor's assumptions about human nature.Which of the following management practices is Irene most likely to favor to maximize employee motivation?

A)a top-down decision-making structure
B)a stringent system of monitoring and controlling employees
C)making jobs narrower in scope and shallow in depth
D)participatory management

Question 24

Larry is at which level on the hierarchy of needs?

A)physiological
B)social
C)self-actualization
D)esteem

Question 25

According to Herzberg,which of the following is a motivator?

A)relationship with supervisor
B)relationship with peers
C)job security
D)the work itself

Question 26

According to McGregor's Theory X perspective,employees ________.

A)like work
B)want to avoid responsibility
C)are trying to satisfy their need for esteem
D)can exercise self-direction

Question 27

Believing that individual's attitudes toward work determined success or failure,Herzberg investigated the question "________"

A)What makes the perfect job?
B)Why do workers obey managers?
C)What do people want from their jobs?
D)Why are most workers not motivated?

Question 28

According to Herzberg,which of the following is a hygiene factor?

A)achievement
B)recognition
C)responsibility
D)salary

Question 29

According to Herzberg,salary,working conditions,and security are all examples of ________.

A)Theory X
B)Theory Y
C)motivators
D)hygiene factors

Question 30

You are acting as manager and mentor to Melanie,an employee who has been identified as a high achiever.Going by McClelland's three-needs theory,which of the following measures would best help you to motivate Melanie to do her best?

A)promising her a promotion and a raise if she reaches her targets
B)giving her a job that holds her personally responsible for finding solutions to problems
C)setting goals that are just out of her reach in order to push her
D)giving her easy goals so she won't be intimidated

Question 31

Lorenzo,a sales executive at Orpheus International,was identified early on as a high-achiever.His manager took a personal interest in his career and provided him good assignments,targeted training,and development programs.However,after a couple of years,it was evident that Lorenzo was not living up to his potential.He was demotivated and dissatisfied with his job.Which of the following facts,if TRUE,would explain Lorenzo's lack of motivation?

A)His manager used to have frequent meetings with him to let him know exactly how he was doing on his tasks and whether he was improving.
B)Over the past year,he had been given the charge for developing a marketing plan for making inroads into a new market.
C)Over the past year,he was moved into a supervisory position where his main responsibility was to provide leads and support to others in his team and to help achieve their targets.
D)He held an internal belief that he should be the highest paid individual in his department because of the skills he brought into the team.

Question 32

The three-needs theory of motivation states that there are three ________ needs that are major motives in work.

A)physical
B)acquired
C)innate
D)esteem

Question 33

Jason would like his work to take him to which level on the hierarchy of needs?

A)safety
B)social
C)self-actualization
D)esteem

Question 34

According to the three-needs theory,the best managers tend to be ________.

A)low in the need for affiliation
B)low in the need for power
C)high in the need for achievement
D)high in the need for affiliation

Question 35

Julie is currently trying to satisfy her ________ needs.

A)physiological
B)safety
C)social
D)esteem

Question 36

People with a high need for achievement ________.

A)emphasize helping others achieve their goals
B)make good managers,especially in large organizations
C)prefer moderately challenging goals
D)prefer highly challenging goals

Question 37

________ assumes that employees have little ambition,dislike work,and want to avoid responsibility.

A)Theory Y
B)Theory X
C)Two-factor Theory
D)Expectancy Theory

Question 38

When Jamie agreed to work late next month,she was concerned about her ________ needs.

A)physiological
B)safety
C)social
D)self-actualization

Question 39

McGregor's Theory X suggests that workers are almost exclusively driven by ________ motivators.

A)extrinsic
B)intrinsic
C)psychological
D)higher-order

Question 40

According to Herzberg,achievement,recognition,and growth are examples of ________.

A)Theory Y
B)motivators
C)hygiene factors
D)extrinsic factors

Question 41

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,once a need is substantially satisfied,an individual is no longer motivated to satisfy that need.

Question 42

According to Herzberg,working conditions and security are both hygiene factors.

Question 43

Research clearly indicates that the Theory Y manager is more effective in motivating employees than the Theory X manager.

Question 44

Intrinsic motivation comes from such things as pay,bonuses and other tangible rewards.

Question 45

A Theory X manager would believe that people dislike work.

Question 46

According to Herzberg,Aaron was trying to use ________ to increase productivity.

A)expectancy theory
B)motivation factors
C)intrinsic factors
D)hygiene factors

Question 47

According to Maslow,the concerns expressed by the workers in Aaron's department reflect which level of needs?

A)physiological
B)self-actualization
C)esteem
D)safety

Question 48

According to McGregor,Aaron's leadership style reflects a ________ perspective.

A)Theory X
B)Theory Y
C)democratic
D)supportive

Question 49

Jessica is at which level on the hierarchy of needs?

A)physiological
B)safety
C)social
D)esteem

Question 50

A Theory Y manager would believe that people seek out responsibility.

Question 51

According to Herzberg,salary and status are both motivators.

Question 52

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,lower-order needs are predominantly satisfied internally while higher-order needs are satisfied externally.

Question 53

In a short essay,describe and discuss the five levels of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory.Give examples of their application in the workplace.

Question 54

According to Herzberg,Zach was trying to use ________ to increase productivity.

A)equity theory
B)motivators
C)extrinsic factors
D)hygiene factors

Question 55

According to McGregor,Zach's leadership style reflects a ________ perspective.

A)Theory X
B)Theory Y
C)production-oriented
D)three-factor theory

Question 56

According to Maslow,the basic needs for food,drink,and shelter are called psychological needs.

Question 57

High achievers prefer tasks that are average in difficulty and avoid highly challenging tasks.

Question 58

Joseph,a line manager at a plant,believes that his workers have little drive and will not work unless pushed by him.Therefore,he closely monitors and controls their work and pulls up those who do not meet his standards.Joseph is a Theory Y manager.

Question 59

People with a high need for achievement strive for the trappings and rewards of success rather than for personal achievement.

Question 60

As manager of a large team of engineers,you notice that your team is falling short of its goals primarily because several team members are either not motivated to put in their best or are downright dissatisfied with their jobs.You have decided to follow Herzberg's two-factor theory to motivate your employees.What steps can you take to maximize motivation?

Question 61

The job characteristics model identifies ________ as the degree to which a job has substantial impact on the lives or work of other people.

A)task significance
B)task identity
C)skill variety
D)autonomy

Question 62

Job ________ refers to the number of different tasks required in a job and the frequency with which those tasks are repeated.

A)enlargement
B)scope
C)enrichment
D)depth

Question 63

Goal-setting theory assumes that an individual is committed to the goal.Commitment is most likely when ________.

A)goals are assigned by the supervisor
B)goals are kept private to each employee
C)the individual has an internal locus of control
D)the individual has intense need for affiliation

Question 64

A police telephone dispatcher who must handle calls as they come in according to a routine and highly specified procedure would experience which job characteristic?

A)low job anxiety
B)high task identity
C)low task significance
D)low autonomy

Question 65

The night security personnel at Apex Corporation have been assigned additional duties,including mail sorting,data entry,and light maintenance tasks.This is an example of job ________.

A)enrichment
B)sharing
C)enlargement
D)extension

Question 66

In the context of the reinforcement theory,reinforcers are ________.

A)those consequences that immediately follow a behavior and increase the probability that the behavior will be repeated
B)reprimands or rewards that are given out for negative or positive employee behavior,respectively
C)the specific,unambiguous goals that have been set for employees as a standard for measuring their performance
D)rewards that are announced publicly after completion of the task

Question 67

Jacob is a project manager in a large software services company.In a bid to maximize his team's productivity,Jacob decides to follow the goal-setting theory.In line with the principles of the theory,he sets specific,difficult goals for all of his team members and ensures that they understand and accept the new standards.Which of the following facts,if TRUE would undermine Jacob's strategy?

A)Jacob's team is a virtual team that is spread across cities in the Canada and they rely on various communication technologies to collaborate on projects.
B)Jacob's team handles development projects that are critical to the company and is comprised largely of carefully selected high achievers who excel at their work.
C)Jacob's company has a horizontal organizational structure and an open and participatory management style.
D)Jacob has built into the goals set many milestones which act as reminders to the team to carry out self-evaluations of their work.

Question 68

________ theory says that behavior is a function of its consequences.

A)Reinforcement
B)Goal-setting
C)Two-factor
D)Expectancy

Question 69

An autobody shop worker who specializes in painting and who sprays paint eight hours a day is experiencing which job characteristic?

A)high task identity
B)low skill variety
C)low feedback
D)high autonomy

Question 70

Goal-setting theory says that ________.

A)goals should be loosely defined and moderately challenging to maximize motivation
B)a generalized goal of "do your best" is likely to be most effective in ensuring high performance
C)difficult goals,when accepted by an employee,result in higher performance than do easy goals
D)that rewards are the most important issue for employees in accepting goals

Question 71

A cabinet maker who designs a china cupboard,selects the wood,builds the cupboard,and finishes the project to the customer's satisfaction would experience which job characteristic?

A)low feedback
B)high task identity
C)low task significance
D)low job scope

Question 72

The goal-setting theory professes that motivation is maximized by ________.

A)easy and achievable goals
B)difficult goals
C)autonomy
D)self-direction

Question 73

Which of the following actions accurately reflects the reinforcement theory of motivation?

A)a company's policy of cutting a day's pay if an employee reports to work later than 9.30 A.M.
B)a company's policy of giving its sales staff cash coupons for exceeding their daily targets
C)a company setting specific and difficult goals and ensuring that employees accept them
D)an announcement that there will be a company picnic and everyone gets a day off

Question 74

Job ________ is the vertical expansion of a job by adding planning and evaluating responsibilities.

A)enlargement
B)scope
C)rotation
D)enrichment

Question 75

________ is the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work.

A)Task significance
B)Task identity
C)Job scope
D)Job enlargement

Question 76

Individual's belief that s/he is capable of performing a task is referred to as ________.

A)self esteem
B)self-acceptance
C)internal motivation
D)self-efficacy

Question 77

Which of the following is TRUE about job enlargement and job enrichment?

A)Job enlargement efforts that focus solely on increasing the number of tasks are largely effective in increasing employee motivation.
B)Research shows that job enrichment improves employee motivation and satisfaction.
C)Expanding the scope of knowledge used in a job leads to more job satisfaction,enhanced customer service,and fewer errors.
D)Job enlargement is more important than job enrichment in motivation.

Question 78

Job ________ is the horizontal expansion of a job by increasing the number of different tasks required in a job.

A)enlargement
B)scope
C)extension
D)enrichment

Question 79

In a short essay,describe in detail the implications of using the goal-setting theory for organizations.

Question 80

Job ________ refers to the degree of control employees have over their work.

A)scope
B)rotation
C)enrichment
D)depth