Deck 5: Deviant and Normal Sexuality

Question 1

Although the role of the State in regulating sexual deviance declined in the early 19^th century, by the end of the century its role had increased once again, due to the efforts of moral entrepreneurs.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

All male immigrants to Canada in the 19^th century were seen as a threat to white women.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Interviews with female exotic dancers reveal that those who enter the industry because of financial desperation, and initially hate their jobs, eventually say that the money makes it worth it.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Throughout the 19^th century, the culture industry both contributed to the growth of the "sex industry" (e.g. pornography)and was a tool used to socially control sexual deviance.

Question 5

Within the traditional belief system of some Indigenous cultures, it was suggested that from the beginning of time, it was meant that there should be people who are homosexual.

Question 6

Within the Sambian society, men were given the option of engaging in same-sex activities in order to explore their sexuality fully before entering marriage.

Question 7

The sociological study of sexuality is dominated by positivist theoretical perspectives.

Question 8

In some countries, homosexuality continues to be a crime punishable by death.

Question 9

During the Colonial era, sexually "deviant" men were more likely to be physically punished (e.g. whipping), while sexually "deviant" women were more likely to be fined.

Question 10

As long as you and your partner are in agreement, the sexual acts that you engage in are perceived by others as "normal".

Question 11

The "Viagra culture" in which we currently live defines and controls the sexuality of both men and women.

Question 12

The social purity movement directed its efforts primarily at the middle classes, while the sex hygiene movement directed its efforts primarily at the lower classes.

Question 13

By the mid-19^th century, laws prohibiting White/Indigenous relationships began to be repealed in many parts of Canada.

Question 14

The social control of sexual deviance during the Colonial era was consistent across genders, races, and classes.

Question 15

In Athens (5^th century B. C.), "deviant" and "normal" sexuality were defined on the basis of the needs and desires of aristocratic men.

Question 16

During the early years of European colonization in Canada, the Hudson's Bay Company encouraged sexual unions between European men and Indigenous women.

Question 17

During the 1880s, Canadian law finally defined "sexual assault" as a crime even within marriage.

Question 18

During the Colonial era, women were more likely to be treated as sexual "deviants" than men were.

Question 19

In the early 20^th century, stereotyped beliefs about the sexuality of black men and Chinese men were part of Emily Murphy's rationale for trying to restrict immigration to Canada.

Question 20

A number of Indigenous cultures traditionally recognized more than two "sexes" and "genders".

Question 21

In 2005, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that obscenity should be defined by harm rather than by community standards.

Question 22

It is seen in various cultures that perceptions of deviance surrounding sexuality are influenced by the cultural definitions of how many genders and sexes there are.

Question 23

Which of the following sexual activities was considered "deviant" in Athens in 5^th century B. C.?

A)aristocratic males engaged in sexual activities with their wives
B)aristocratic adult males engaged in anal intercourse with aristocratic adolescent males
C)aristocratic males engaged in sexual activities with slaves
D)aristocratic males engaged in sexual activities with "foreigners"
E)aristocratic males engaged in sexual activities with slaves or "foreigners"

Question 24

Research about Iranian immigrants' understandings of Canadian sexuality, and their perceptions of Canada's "sexual permissiveness", utilizes which theoretical approach?

A)conflict
B)positivist
C)postmodern
D)interpretive
E)structural Marxist

Question 25

The dominant meaning of sexuality has changed in North America from the 17^th century to the 21^st century. Which of the following lists consists of the correct chronological order of these changes in meaning?

A)reproduction within marriage; personal fulfillment; intimacy within marriage
B)intimacy within marriage; personal fulfillment; reproduction within marriage
C)intimacy within marriage; reproduction within marriage; personal fulfillment
D)reproduction within marriage; intimacy within marriage; personal fulfillment
E)personal fulfillment; reproduction within marriage; intimacy within marriage

Question 26

The sexual culture of ancient Athens (5^th century B. C.)was based upon

A)religion.
B)power.
C)heterosexuality.
D)the marital relationship.
E)religion and the marital relationship.

Question 27

There has been relatively little change in the definition of normal vs. deviant sexuality in North America, despite the huge social changes that have happened.

Question 28

The construction of the differences between Indigenous and European sexuality were a part of a larger conflict associated with colonialism.

Question 29

Social processes have little influence over the definition of normal and deviant sexuality.

Question 30

Among female exotic dancers, the boundaries of what they will and will not do with customers become less flexible over time, as the dancers become disenchanted with the industry.

Question 31

Indigenous sexuality was connected with all of the following dimensions of life except:

A)physical
B)spiritual
C)social
D)intellectual
E)emotional

Question 32

Interviews with female exotic dancers reveal that they use "counterfeit intimacy" to create regular customers who keep coming back.

Question 33

Which of the following characteristics was part of the sexual culture of the 17^th century in Canada?

A)the practice of black slavery was closely intertwined with the control of sexuality
B)the social purity movement emerged
C)the sex industry showed considerable growth
D)self-control was the dominant theme in scientific contributions to sexual culture
E)none of the above are characteristics of the sexual culture of the 17th century

Question 34

One of the problems with research done on the effects of pornography is that the results are often confounded with the moral/social agendas of the researchers/sponsors of such research.

Question 35

Which of the following statements describes perceptions of European/Indigenous relationships following the colonization of Canada?

A)such relationships were considered unacceptable during the early years of colonization, but gradually became more accepted over time
B)Métis women were initially perceived as more "acceptable" as wives for white men, but over time Indigenous women came to be seen as more "acceptable" as wives
C)such relationships were considered acceptable during the early years of colonization, but gradually came to be defined as unacceptable
D)such relationships were rare among early European settlers of Canada
E)such relationships were considered more acceptable following the development of agriculture than they were during the fur trade

Question 36

The Supreme Court of Canada has ruled that laws prohibiting the possession of "obscene" materials are a violation of the freedom of expression, but that it is a reasonable violation of such freedoms in a democratic society.

Question 37

European explorers used which of the following terms as a derogatory reference to the biological males who assumed female roles in some Indigenous cultures?

A)nadleeh
B)hwame
C)alyha
D)les femmes du pays
E)berdache

Question 38

Up until the 1980's, the Canadian federal government attempted to purge homosexuals from the public service on the belief that they were psychologically more vulnerable to communist influence.

Question 39

The influence of the Enlightenment on cultural perceptions of sexuality made sexuality inherently immoral and led to the focus of reproduction as a core function of marriage.

Question 40

Which of the following research topics reflects a critical theoretical perspective?

A)the manner in which elite discourses govern sexuality
B)the meaning of "the closet" to gays and lesbians
C)Iranian immigrants' understandings and perceptions of Canadian sexuality
D)exotic dancers' understandings of themselves and their jobs
E)the nature/nurture debate in relation to homosexuality

Question 41

During the late 18^th century and early 19^th century, what social changes occurred that affected the dominant sexual culture of the time?

A)religious shifts transferred the responsibility for salvation from the individual to the Church fathers
B)the doctrine of the "pursuit of happiness" was phased out of American, British, and Canadian discourse
C)the number of economically-based arranged marriages increased
D)urbanization and the growth of wage labour contributed to more anonymous lives distanced from extended family and community surveillance
E)all of the changes listed above combined to affect the dominant sexual culture of the time

Question 42

Which of the following concerns is consistently and conclusively supported by scientific research?

A)the consumption of pornography causes men to sexually victimize women
B)pornography is harmful in that it has a negative impact on attitudes toward women in society
C)pornography has a negative impact on the moral fibre of society
D)pornography interferes with the smooth-running of the social order
E)none of the above concerns is consistently and conclusively supported by scientific research

Question 43

In date rape trials, which of the following criteria for determining "deviant" sexuality is emphasized?

A)consent
B)nature of the sexual partner
C)nature of the sexual act
D)setting
E)frequency

Question 44

What proportion of police-reported hate crimes in Canada is based upon sexual orientation?

A)3%
B)10%
C)25%
D)48%
E)72%

Question 45

Which of the following statements about female exotic dancers is TRUE?

A)they are subjected to the power of their customers
B)they are subjected to the power of their employers
C)they exert power over their customers
D)they are subjected to the power of their customers and their employers
E)although they are subjected to the power of their customers and their employers, exotic dancers also exert power over their customers

Question 46

Which of the following types of female exotic dancers (Sloan & Wahab, 2004)best fits the victimization hypothesis?

A)escapists
B)workers
C)survivors
D)non-conformists
E)dancers

Question 47

At which of the following social groups were the efforts of the social purity or sex hygiene movements primarily directed?

A)fallen women
B)lower classes
C)Indian and Chinese immigrants
D)prostitutes
E)women in shelters

Question 48

During the late 18^th and early 19^th centuries, whose roles in the social control of deviance sexuality increased?

A)women; the culture industry; the State
B)the State; the Church; the community
C)the medical profession; women; social reformers
D)the medical profession; the State; the culture industry
E)the Church, the medical profession; social reformers

Question 49

Which of the following criteria for determining "deviant" sexuality in contemporary Canada is addressed within the "Viagra culture?"

A)setting
B)consent
C)frequency
D)nature of the partner
E)nature of the act

Question 50

The crime defined by the sexual touching of a body of someone under the age of 16 is known as:

A)Sexual Assault
B)Sexual Interference
C)Invitation to Sexual Touching
D)Sexual Exploitation
E)Bestiality in the presence of a child

Question 51

In what ways was the sexuality of black people in Canada controlled within the dominant sexual culture of the 17^th and 18^th centuries?

A)slave owners controlled which slaves were permitted to form intimate relationships with whom
B)female slaves were valued for their reproductive capacities
C)certain male slaves were selected as "studs" to impregnate female slaves
D)laws prohibited free blacks from marrying outside their race
E)the sexuality of black people in Canada during this era was controlled in all of the ways listed above

Question 52

Which of the following concepts serves as the foundation for the Supreme Court of Canada's decision that prohibiting "obscene material" is a reasonable violation of freedom of expression?

A)statistical rarity
B)harm
C)normative violation
D)societal reaction
E)both rarity and harm

Question 53

According to D'Emilio and Freedman (1997), by the early 20^th century the dominant meaning of sexuality in North America was

A)reproduction within marriage.
B)intimacy within marriage.
C)personal fulfillment within marriage.
D)personal fulfillment, regardless of marriage.
E)economic exchange within marriage.

Question 54

A man is told by the doctor to reduce the frequency of sexual activity in his marriage, in order to avoid illness. What era is this man most likely living in?

A)the Colonial era
B)the ear of the early fur trade (i.e. 16th and 17th centuries)
C)the 19th century
D)the late 20th century
E)5th century B. C. Athens

Question 55

Which of the following statements is true?

A)because of the extreme misogyny in Sambian society, boys respond in an overwhelmingly positive way to entering the all-male enclave
B)in ancient Athens (5th century B. C.), the overwhelming support for sexual relationships between aristocratic men and adolescent males meant that formal social controls for those relationships were absent in society
C)NAMBLA's claims about sexuality have been so rejected in society, that the organization has been forced to disband
D)the growth of the Internet has stimulated new questions about determining sexual deviance
E)research about changing sexual cultures reveals all of the above statements to be true

Question 56

Sloan and Wahab (2004)identify four different types of exotic dancers. From which type did they draw the following conclusion? "These were intelligent women who had considered their own lives and their own realities."

A)dancers
B)workers
C)survivors
D)non-conformists
E)they described all exotic dancers, regardless of type, in this way

Question 57

Which of the following accurately lists, in order, the top three motivations for police-reported hate crimes in Canada?

A)(1)race/ethnicity; (2)religion; (3)sexual orientation
B)(1)religion; (2)race/ethnicity; (3)sexual orientation
C)(1)sexual orientation; (2)religion; (3)race/ethnicity
D)(1)sexual orientation; (2)race/ethnicity; (3)religion
E)(1)race/ethnicity; (2)sexual orientation; (3)religion

Question 58

According to which type of definition would it be possible for a children's toy catalogue to be considered "pornography"?

A)genre definitions
B)labelling definitions
C)functional definitions
D)legal definitions
E)both functional and genre definitions

Question 59

How was the social control of sexual deviance during the Colonial era (17^th century)embedded within social hierarchies?

A)men were more likely to be punished for sexual deviance than women were
B)women were more likely to be physically punished for sexual deviance, while men were more likely to be given fines
C)greater scorn was directed at white men who had sexual relationships with black women, than was directed at white women who had sexual relationships with black men
D)upper-class men were less likely to go to trial for rape than lower-class men were, but upper-class men who did go to trial were usually given harsher sentences than lower-class men were
E)upper-class men were more likely to go to trial for rape than lower-class men were, but upper-class men who did go to trial were usually given more lenient sentences than lower-class men were

Question 60

Within which type of definition of "pornography" are community standards a central issue?

A)genre definitions
B)labelling definitions
C)functional definitions
D)legal definitions
E)both labelling and legal definitions

Question 61

Which sexual act was decriminalized after Trudeau announced that "There's no place for the state in the bedrooms of the nation"?

A)Sex between minors
B)Homosexuality
C)Rape in marital relationship
D)Consenting sex between and adult over the age of 18 and a minor under the age of 18 but over the age of 14
E)Adulterous affairs

Question 62

Which of the following was NOT one of the public discourses of prostitution over the past few centuries?

A)morality
B)public health
C)victimization
D)worker rights
E)empowerment

Question 63

Explain how the construction of "normal" sexuality in ancient Athens (5^th century B. C.)was linked with power relations.

Question 64

Through the continued efforts of the LGBT community, in 1996 sexual orientation was added to which important Act?

A)Canada Labour Code
B)Income Tax Act
C)Human Rights Act
D)Family Rights
E)Canadian Health Act

Question 65

When a dancer ensures she maintains a standard of beauty that supports the image of the playboy bunny, she is supporting which element of Ritzer's McDonaldization in relation to exotic dancing?

A)efficiency
B)predictability
C)control
D)calculability
E)both A and B

Question 66

Maggie and her partner like to engage in role play in their sexual relationship. They both have a rule that their activities are private. They fear social reaction. Which social criteria have they violated?

A)consent
B)nature of the sexual partner
C)setting
D)nature of the sexual act
E)number of partners

Question 67

Explain the ways that the following agents controlled sexual deviance during the 17^th century: (a)the family; (b)the community; and (c)the Christian Church.

Question 68

Explain how the "Viagra culture" in which we currently live is connected to the construction of masculinity and femininity.

Question 69

Discuss the social factors that influenced the changing discourses of prostitution. Try to predict what direction this might take in future discourse.

Question 70

Create an argument that analyzes the relationship of gender and pornography. Support your position by using theory and terms from the course.

Question 71

Using the various definitions outlined in the textbook, create your own definition of pornography. Include in your definition the concept of harmfulness and social control.

Question 72

Which of the following is an example of someone who did not give consent for sexual activity according to the laws of the time?

A)a black woman who had sex with a white man in the 18th century
B)a fourteen-year-old girl with her fifteen-year-old boyfriend
C)a married woman who was forced by her husband in the 70's
D)a man who was forced by a partner in the 90's
E)a 20 year old student with their university professor

Question 73

Analyze and discuss the following statement from your textbook: "although each of us individually might perceive particular sexual acts as "kinky," the ideology of privacy limits contemporary social controls on sexual behaviours, particularly at a formal level". Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Please defend your position using theory.

Question 74

Give two examples of how characteristics of a sexual culture may be intertwined with hierarchies of gender, race, or class.

Question 75

Describe the three different definitions of pornography addressed in the chapter, and give an example that illustrates each of the definitions.

Question 76

Describe the informal and formal ways that homosexuality continues to be stigmatized in today's Canadian society. Provide an example for each.

Question 77

Is exotic dancing a sexual act, and do the participants view themselves as victims? Support your position using specific material from the textbook.

Question 78

Address the various ways that power is intertwined with the social typing of sexual deviance, using examples.

Question 79

Describe the main issues behind the debates regarding whether adolescents who text or email nude photos of themselves should be charged with child pornography.

Question 80

Consider the concept of the "deviance dance", that is debate, negotiation, and resistance surrounding the social typing process. Based on the material contained in this chapter, describe three different ways in which the "deviance dance" is evident in the realm of sexuality, either past or present.