Deck 21: Biotechnology

Question 1

Cells that have undergone homologous recombination for gene replacement would have which of the following gene combinations?

A)Only the cloned gene
B)Only the original gene
C)Both the cloned and original gene
D)Neither the cloned or original gene

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In the production of transgenic plants, what selectable marker is most commonly used to indicate that a cell has taken up the T DNA that includes the cloned gene?

A)Ampicillin
B)Neomycin
C)Streptomycin
D)Kanamycin

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Although Dolly was only three years old, her chromosomes had the length of a 9-10 year old sheep. Which of the following best describes why this occurred?

A)The cell lines that created Dolly were aged prematurely in the lab
B)Nonhomologous recombination
C)A mutation enhanced the rate of aging
D)Dolly was not a clone
E)The telomeres of the somatic cells that Dolly originated from were shortening

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The first organism ever cloned by researchers was Dolly the sheep in 1997.

Question 5

The reduction of pollutants in the environment by microorganisms is called biodegradation.

Question 6

The first human diseases that was successfully treated using gene therapy was ______.

A) Diabetes
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Severe combined immunodeficiency diseases
D) Muscular dystrophy

Question 7

Using the Neo^R/Tk system of introducing gene replacements into mice (as described in the text), which of the following would identify those mouse cells that were the result of homologous recombination?

A)Neo^R only
B)Tk only
C)Neo^R and Tk
D)Neither Neo^R or Tk

Question 8

The fact that in mammalian systems multiple genes may compensate for the loss of a gene is called gene redundancy.

Question 9

What is the purpose of the cyanogen bromide (CNBr) in the manufacture of insulin and somatostatin by recombinant bacteria?

A)Allows for the uptake of the plasmid
B)Enhances the activity of the restriction enzymes
C)Creates sticky ends for integration into the plasmid
D)Cleaves the protein from the b-galactosidase protein

Question 10

The process by which an electrical charge is used to introduce DNA into a cell to produce a transgenic organism is called electroporation.

Question 11

Lipid vesicles that are used to introduce DNA into a cell for gene therapy are called liposomes.

Question 12

Which of the following terms represents a cell that can form any other cell of the organism?

A)Pluripotent
B)Totipotent
C)Unipotent

Question 13

Which of the following cells is not pluripotent?

A)ES cells
B)EG cells
C)EC cells
D)All of the answers are pluripotent
E)None of the answers are pluripotent

Question 14

Bioremediation has been used to treat which of the following?

A)Oil spills
B)Sewage
C)Pesticides
D)Heavy metals
E)All of the answers have been successfully remediated

Question 15

Which of the following organisms is used by molecular biologists to produce transgenic plants?

A)
B)Plasmid pSC101
C)Bacteriophage l
D)Agrobacterium tumefaciens
E)coli

Question 16

The use of microorganisms or their products to alleviate plant disease is called biological control.

Question 17

Why was the addition of methionine necessary during the production of somatostatin by recombinant bacteria?

A)So that it was compatible with the restriction enzyme
B)As a selectable marker
C)To allow the somatostatin to link to a bacterial protein
D)To increase the length of the peptide to make it more commercial

Question 18

Which of the following mechanisms uses high-velocity microprojectiles, coated with DNA, to produce a transgenic plant?
A)

A)tumefaciens
B)Electroporation
C)Microinjection
D)Biolistic gene transfer

Question 19

In the treatment of ADA deficiency and SCID, which cell type was targeted for gene therapy?

A)Fibroblasts
B)Embryonic stem cells
C)Hematopoietic stem cells
D)Lymphocytes
E)Neutrophils

Question 20

The first hormone to be made by recombinant bacteria was ____.

A)Insulin
B)Glucagon
C)Somatostatin
D)Testosterone

Question 21

The origins of which of the following cell types creates the least amount of ethical debate?

A)EG cells
B)EC cells
C)Hematopoietic stem cells
D)ES cells

Question 22

Hematopoietic stem cells are _________.

A)Pluripotent
B)Totipotent
C)Unipotent
D)Multipotent

Question 23

A transgenic organism has recombinant DNA integrated into its genome.

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of a pluripotent cell?

A) embryonic stem cells
B) red blood cells
C) fetal heart cells
D) umbilical cord blood
E) nerve cells

Question 25

Which of the following is not an advantage of a transgenic plant?

A)Widely accepted by the public
B)Increased resistance to disease and pests
C)Adaptability to harsh environments
D)Improved shelf life

Question 26

Which of the following can be used as a vector for gene therapy?

A)Liposomes
B)Parvoviruses
C)Adenoviruses
D)Retroviruses
E)All of the answers are correct

Question 27

Identical twins are an example of gene cloning.

Question 28

The primary interest of genetic research into stem cells is the desire to be able to clone a human being.

Question 29

Reproductive cloning is used to produce large amounts of mammalian proteins from transgenic agricultural animals such as cattle.

Question 30

An individual who contains cells that are mutated is called a chimera.

Question 31

Unipotent cells may differentiate into all other cell types of the body.

Question 32

An organism that can be regenerated by somatic cells is called multipotent.

Question 33

Bone marrow transplants typically use what type of cells?

A)Embryonic stem cells
B)Embryonic germ cells
C)Embryonic carcinoma cells
D)Hematopoietic stem cells

Question 34

A major disadvantage with current gene therapy techniques using viral vectors is the possibility of an immune response against the virus.

Question 35

In gene addition, homologous recombination is used to remove the original gene and replace it with the cloned gene.